LEMDO: Remediate Semi-Diplomatic Transcriptions

Remediate Semi-Diplomatic Transcriptions

Prior Reading

Introduction to Semi-Diplomatic Transcriptions

Introduction to Style in Semi-Diplomatic Transcriptions

Rationale

Many of our editions began as ISE texts encoded in IML. To turn those IML documents into LEMDO files, we convert them into a base version of LEMDO’s TEI. From there, they must be remediated so that they fit LEMDO’s encoding standards for semi-diplomatic transcriptions.

This documentation will guide you through the process of remediating a semi-diplomatic transcription that has been converted into LEMDO TEI from IML. It presents the tasks to complete in the order that they should be completed, so it is important to follow through this documentation in order. For an overview of the process of remediating a converted semi-diplomatic transcription, see the table of contents in the hamburger menu in the top left corner of this page.

Give Credit in the Metadata

Semi-diplomatic transcriptions typically give credit to the following roles using the


                                          <respStmt>

element:

Author

Transcriber

Encoder

Batch Changes and Metadata

Proofreader

Peer Reviewer

You will update the


                                          <respStmt>

elements for the encoder and batch changes and metadata roles as you begin remediating your semi-diplomatic transcription.

Give credit to yourself as an encoder in a


                                          <respStmt>

element. Add a


                                          <respStmt>

element after the ones for author and transcriber. As a child of


                                          <respStmt>

, add a


                                          <resp>

element with a


                                       @ref

attribute with the value "resp:edt_mrk". In the text node of the


                                          <resp>

element, type Encoder. Following the


                                          <resp>

element, add a


                                          <persName>

element. Give the


                                          <persName>

element a


                                       @ref

attribute with a value of "pers:" followed by your xml:id. Type your name as you wish for it to appear in the credits for the file in the text node of the


                                          <persName>

element.

Your encoder


                                          <respStmt>

should be formatted as follows:

<respStmt>
<resp ref="resp:edt_mrk">Encoder</resp>
<persName ref="pers:PPPP1">Your Name</persName>
</respStmt>

Note that each person who does significant remediation or encoding work in the file will get a


                                          <respStmt>

element crediting them as an encoder.

After the encoder


                                          <respStmt>

elements, add a


                                          <respStmt>

element to credit the LEMDO team for work doing conversions, batch changes, and metadata. As a child of


                                          <respStmt>

, add a


                                          <resp>

element with a


                                       @ref

attribute with the value "resp:edt_mrk". In the text node of the


                                          <resp>

element, type Batch Changes and Metadata. Following the


                                          <resp>

element, add a


                                          <orgName>

element. Give the


                                          <orgName>

element a


                                       @ref

attribute with a value of "org:LEMD1". Type LEMDO Team in the text node of the


                                          <orgName>

element.

The LEMDO team


                                          <respStmt>

should be formatted as follows:

<respStmt>
<resp ref="resp:edt_mrk">Batch Changes and Metadata</resp>
<orgName ref="org:LEMD1">LEMDO Team</orgName>
</respStmt>

Note: LEMDO Director Janelle Jenstad is responsible for liaising with the editor and/or anthology lead to ensure that the rest of the metadata in the


                                          <titleStmt>

is correct. However, if you notice anything that is obviously missing or problematic, leave an XML comment.

Update Document Status: In Progress

Each time you begin remediating a new document, you must change its status to reflect this. To change the status of a semi-diplomatic transcription that you are remediating, do the following:

Change the value of


                                             @status


                                                <revisionDesc>

to "IML-TEI_INP".

Add a new


                                                <change>

element as a child of


                                                <revisionDesc>

Write the substantive change in the text node (i.e., “Began remediating document”).

Add a


                                             @who

, a


                                             @when

, and a


                                             @status

attribute to the


                                                <change>

element.

Add the prefix pers: followed by your xml:id to the


                                             @who

attribute.

Add the date you began the remediation to the


                                             @when

attribute.

Add the the new status (i.e., "IML-TEI_INP") as the value of the


                                             @status

attribute. Note that if you did not change the


                                             @status

of the file you do not need to add a


                                             @status

attribute to your


                                                <change>

element.

For example:

<revisionDesc status="IML-TEI_INP">
<change when="2022-05-18" who="pers:ABBR1" status="IML-TEI_INP">Began remediating document.</change>
</revisionDesc>

Remove Extra Line Beginnings

If there is vertical space between lines of type, previous editors will often have encoded two or more ISE L elements, which we convert to


                                          <lb>

elements. If this occurred, you will get a Schematron error saying that strings of


                                          <lb>

elements are not allowed. To make your file valid so that you can begin remediating, comment out any strings of


                                          <lb>

elements. You will later decide whether or not these represent genuine white space in the source material. If they do, follow the procedure given in Encode Vertical and Horizontal White Space. If they do not represent genuine white space, delete extra


                                          <lb>

elements.

Update the Source Description

Add the following information to the


                                          <sourceDesc>

Which edition you are transcribing and the year that it was published.

The URI of the semi-diplomatic transcription on the old ISE site, if available.

The URI of the library or organization that owns the copy that you are transcribing.

Which facsimile you are using for your transcription.

Note that you may use more than one copy for transcription if there are no complete facsimile copies available. In that case, include the information for each of the copies that you use, as well as a note on which sections you transcribed from which copy.

<sourceDesc>
 Quarto 1, 1622
 Old URI: <idno type="oldURI">https://internetshakespeare.uvic.ca/doc/Oth_Q1/complete</idno>
 
 Facsimile from Boston Public Library
</sourceDesc>

<sourceDesc>
 
 <ref type="bibl" target="bibl:ANON21">Quarto 1, 1598.</ref>
 
 Old URI: <idno type="URI">https://qme.internetshakespeare.uvic.ca/doc/FV_Q1/scene/Titlepage/index.html</idno>
 
 Witness used for the LEMDO transcription is the Huntington Library copy. Call number <idno type="call">61389</idno>; catalogue entry <idno type="call">https://catalog.huntington.org/record=b1498768</idno>. The Huntington Library copy is available in a print surrogate from the <ref type="bibl" target="bibl:FARM1">
 <title level="s">The Tudor Facsimile Texts</title>
 </ref>, in microfilm from the <title level="s">Early English Books</title> microfilm series, and in a digitization of the microfilm from <title level="s">Early English Books Online</title>.
 Facsimile used for transcription of E3v-F1r from the Widener Library at Harvard University. Catalogue entry <idno type="URI">https://hollis.harvard.edu/permalink/f/1mdq5o5/TN_cdi_globaltitleindex_catalog_133993555</idno>.
 .
</sourceDesc>

If LEMDO does not have a source copy of the text that you are remediating saved to our facsimile storage database, you may need to search for a digitized copy. Follow the steps provided in Find a Digital Surrogate.

Comment out the Participation Description

The


                                          <particDesc>

element contains the


                                          <listPerson>

element and individual xml:ids for all the speakers. We do not supply who delivers each speech or add a


                                       @who

attribute on the


                                          <sp>

element in semi-diplomatic transcriptions. Comment out the entire


                                          <particDesc>

Re-Encode the Title Page

You will have to encode your text’s title page (more or less) from scratch. To do so, follow the instructions in Encode Title Page of Semi-Diplomatic Transcriptions, or follow the example below.

Below is an example of an early modern title page and how it was encoded following LEMDO protocol.

Modernized version of text on an old title page reads: The True Chronicle History of King Leir, and his three daughters, Gonorill, Ragan, and Cordella. As it hath been diverse and sundry times lately acted. London, Printed by Simon Stafford for John Wright, and are to be sold at his shop at Christ’s Church door, next Newgate Market. 1605. There is a printer’s ornament in the middle of the page. — Title page of The True Chronicle History of King Leir (1605). Folger STC 15343. Courtesy of the Folger Shakespeare Library.

<front>
 <titlePage>
 <titlePart type="main">
 <lb/>THE <lb/>True Chronicle Hi<pc force="weak">-</pc>
 <lb/>storie of King Leir and his three <lb/>
 <hi rendition="rnd:italic">daughters, Gonorill, Ragan, <lb/>and Cordella</hi>
 </titlePart>
 <titlePart type="desc">
 <lb/>As it hath bene diuers and sundry <lb/>times lately acted. </titlePart>
 <figure type="device"/>
 <docImprint>
 <lb/>
 <pubPlace rendition="rnd:letterspace">LONDON</pubPlace>, <lb/>Printed by Simon Stafford for <publisher>Iohn <lb/>Wright</publisher>, and are to bee sold at his shop at <lb/>
 <pubPlace>Christes Church dore, next Newgate- <lb/>Market.</pubPlace>
 <docDate rendition="rnd:letterspace">1605</docDate>. </docImprint>
 </titlePage>
</front>

Remove Text Division and Heading Division Elements

Often, early modern playbooks do not contain consistent act or scene numbers. Even if the source text you are working on does have act and scene numbers at the beginning of the playbook, they may not be maintained throughout the play.

We do not use the


                                          <div>

element in our semi-diplomatic transcriptions. Instead, editorial act and scene divisions are marked with the


                                          <milestone>

element. Until the modern file of the edition that you are working on is ready to be published, comment out any


                                          <milestone>

elements. If the modern file of the edition that you are working on is ready to be published, follow this procedure:

For act divisions, use the


                                                <milestone>

element with an


                                             @unit

attribute and "act" value.

For scene divisions, use the


                                                <milestone>

element with an


                                             @unit

attribute and "scene" value.

When your modernized text is ready to publish, we can link between the act and scene divisions in the modernized text and the


                                          <milestone>

elements in the semi-diplomatic transcription so that readers can easily go between the two and compare the two texts.

Replace all


                                          <head>

elements with the


                                          <label>

element. Add the


                                       @type

attribute and "heading" value to the


                                          <label>

element if the label is working as a heading.

If act and scene numbers are in your XML file but not in the original text, comment out


                                          <div>

act and scene numbers. You must delete closing


                                          <div>

tags, not comment them out. It is possible for the editor to add


                                          <milestone>

elements pointing to the modernized text later, so it is important to keep these commented out


                                          <div>

elements.

Conversion yields:

<div type="scene" n="2">
<lb/>
<head>The Second Acte.</head>
</div>

Amend to:

<lb/>
<label type="heading">The Second Acte.</label>

Replace all


                                          <closer>

elements with the


                                          <label>

element.

Encode Speaker Elements

Remove all instances of <hi rendition="rnd:italic"> on the


                                          <speaker>

element because speaker will render as italic by default. For more information about our default styling for semi-diplomatic transcriptions, see Default Style in Semi-Diplomatic Transcriptions.

Special case: there may be instances wherein the first letter of the speaker’s name appears in roman type rather than italic. If this occurs, wrap the first letter in hi rendition="rnd:normal". Wrapping the first letter in hi rendition="rnd:normal" isolates this letter and ensures that it will appear in roman type while the rest of the name will remain italicized.

If the entirety of the speaker’s name appears in roman type, simply put the


                                       @rendition

attribute with a value of "rnd:normal" on the


                                          <speaker>

element.

LEMDO has two prefabricated regular expressions that will remove the majority of cases of <hi rendition="rnd:italic"> in the


                                          <speaker>

element. Find these regex here: Remove Tagged Italics in Semi-Diplomatic Transcription Speaker Tags

If there is no speech prefix at the beginning of a speech in your source text you do not need to encode a


                                          <speaker>

tag.

Remove `@who` Attributes

We do not state who delivers a speech in semi-diplomatic transcriptions—it is the editor’s job to assign these attributes in the modernized text only. If there are


                                       @who

attributes in the semi-diplomatic transcription you are remediating, then remove them.

Conversion yields:

Amend to:

LEMDO has a prefabricated regex that will remove the


                                       @who

attribute from the


                                          <sp>

element in most instances. See Remove


                                             @who

Attributes in Semi-Diplomatic Transcriptions.

Remove Foreign Language Tags

Instances of Latin and other languages may be indicated through italic type in early modern playbooks. These languages are likely wrapped in the


                                          <foreign>

element, which is inherited from IML. In LEMDO’s remediation of semi-diplomatic transcriptions, we do not make decisions about language type or use. As remediators, we simply note whether the text on the page is italicized.

Remove all instances of


                                          <foreign>

language tags. Use inline styling if the text previously wrapped in


                                          <foreign>

is in italic type in your source text. Add the


                                       @rendition

attribute with a value of "rnd:italic" to the largest container of completely italicized text (e.g., if an entire speech is italicized, add rendition="rnd:italic" to


                                          <sp>

). If there are no container elements that have text completely in italic type, wrap the italic section in the


                                          <hi>

element and add a


                                       @rendition

attribute with a value of "rnd:italic".

For more information on encoding inline style, see Encode Inline Style Using Pre-Formed Values in Semi-Diplomatic Transcriptions.

Encode Stage Directions

Remove all instances of <hi rendition="rnd:italic"> on the


                                          <stage>

element because


                                          <stage>

will render as italic by default. See Default Style in Semi-Diplomatic Transcriptions.

LEMDO has a prefabricated regular expression that will remove <hi rendition="rnd:italic"> from


                                          <stage>

elements. See Remove Tagged Italics in Semi-Diplomatic Transcription Stage Directions..

Special case: there may be instances where a character or a word appears in roman type rather than italic. If this occurs, wrap that text in <hi rendition="rnd:normal">. This isolates that text and ensures that it will appear in roman type while the rest of the stage direction will remain italicized. If the entire stage direction appears in roman type, simply put the


                                       @rendition

attribute with a value of "rnd:normal" on the


                                          <stage>

IML had fewer options for encoding the placement of stage directions than LEMDO does. As a remediator, you will use LEMDO’s more precise vocabulary. LEMDO accounts for the fact that stage directions sometimes appear in the margin area (especially in early sixteenth-century playbooks) and sometimes within the compositorial line in the text block.

To encode placement of stage directions, add a


                                       @place

attribute to the


                                          <stage>

element. Oxygen offers the possible


                                       @place

values in a drop-down menu. For complete practice of encoding


                                       @place

attributes in the


                                          <stage>

element, see Encode Stage Directions in Semi-Diplomatic Transcriptions. For a complete list of placement values, see Placement Taxonomy.

Usually the unremediated texts will have stage directions tagged with the


                                          <stage>

element already. They may have a


                                       @type

attribute with a value indicating what kind of stage direction they are (entrance, exit, etc.). Make sure these type values are accurate and correct them if necessary. We retain them in anticipation of making a future dictionary of stage directions. For a list of


                                       @type

values, see Practice: Encode


                                             @type

Values.

Sometimes stage directions are unusual and inconsistent in early modern playbooks. They may be off to the side, in the margins, seemingly added after initial printing, instances of hanging indents, etc. If you are unsure how to proceed with a stage direction, leave XML comments for a project lead.

Remove `"g:zeroWidthSpace"` Values

Remove any

<g>

elements with the "g:zeroWidthSpace" value. We silently modernize spacing between words because it is too difficult to exactly replicate the various spacing present in early modern playbooks.

You can use a find-and-replace to run this conversion. Follow these steps:

Go to Oxygen’s search function by clicking Ctrl+F.

Type the following into the search text boxes:

Find: <g ref="g:zeroWidthSpace"> </g>

Replace with: Leave Replace with empty.

Click Find All.

If there are instances found, click Replace All.

Validate your file.

Conversion yields:

<ab>
<g ref="g:zeroWidthSpace"></g>Woman,<g ref="g:zeroWidthSpace"></g>do what thou canst to saue our honors, <lb/>Driue them from Orleance,<g ref="g:zeroWidthSpace"></g>and be immortaliz’d.</ab>

Amend to:

<ab>Woman, do what thou canst to saue our honors, <lb/>Driue them from Orleance, and be immortaliz’d.</ab>

Remove Tagging for Long S

Most semi-diplomatic transcriptions coming from the old ISE will have tagged the long s. We do not retain this tagging. Remove any

<g>

elements tagging the long s, whether as a standalone glyph (i.e., <g ref="g:long">) or as a ligature (e.g., <g ref="lig:longS_t">).

Remove `"rnd:justify"` Values

Remove "rnd:justify" values. We do not capture justification in semi-diplomatic transcriptions. You can do this step either as you go through the play (removing "rnd:justify" values one-by-one as you come across them) or by doing a set of two find-and-replaces (removing all instances of "rnd:justify" at once). To use LEMDO’s prefabricated find-and-replaces for removing the "rnd:justify" value, see Remove "rnd:justify" Values in Semi-Diplomatic Transcriptions.

Conversion yields:

<sp>
<speaker rendition="rnd:justify rnd:italic">Par</speaker>
<ab>There is none: Man setting downe before you, <lb/>will vndermine you, and blow you vp.</ab>
</sp>

Amend to:

<sp>
<speaker rendition="rnd:italic">Par</speaker>
<ab>There is none: Man setting downe before you, <lb/>will vndermine you, and blow you vp.</ab>
</sp>

Tidy Line Beginning Elements

Make sure there is an


                                          <lb>

element to capture the beginning of every typographical line bearing inked type (including before stage directions that appear on their own line).

Caution! Do not use


                                          <lb>

elements to create white space. Many IML users added extra


                                          <lb>

elements to indicate white spaces between lines of type. You need to remove these extra


                                          <lb>

elements as you go and replace them with


                                          <space>

elements. See Remove Extra Line Beginnings.

Use a find-and-replace to convert the value "tln" inherited from IML to the LEMDO value "wln" (for Witness Line Number), including in the First Folio of Shakespeare’s plays.

Conversion yields:

<lb type="tln" n="2"/> <sp>
<speaker>Lu.</speaker>
<ab>Sir Valentines page: & sent I think from Protheus; <lb type="tln" n="192"/>He would haue giuen it you, but I being in the way, <lb type="tln" n="193"/>Did in your name receiue it: pardon the fault I pray.</ab>
</sp>

Ammend to:

<lb type="wln" n="2"/> <sp>
<speaker>Lu.</speaker>
<ab>Sir Valentines page: & sent I think from Protheus; <lb/>He would haue giuen it you, but I being in the way, <lb/>Did in your name receiue it: pardon the fault I pray.</ab>
</sp>

If there is an end-of-line hyphen that is not a word separator, ensure that the hyphen is tagged using the


                                          <pc>

element with the


                                       @force

attribute and the value "weak":

<ab>Then put your pipes in your bag, for I’le away; goe, va<pc force="weak">-</pc>
<lb/>nish away. </ab>

Remove all


                                          <lb>

elements that denote a blank line. You will later use the


                                          <space>

element to indicate where there is semantically significant white space.

Check Order Elements in Speeches and Stage Directions

Sometimes the elements as converted are out of order. IML was not rigidly hierarchical the way XML is. You need to make the order of the tags consistent with LEMDO standards. Make sure the line beginning (


                                          <lb>

) comes before the speech and stage elements (


                                          <sp>

and


                                          <stage>

The correct order for speeches is as follows:

The correct order for stage directions is as follows:

For example:

<lb type="wln" n="74"/> <sp>
<speaker>Eda.</speaker>
<ab> Ah Ned, but hadst thou watcht her as my self, <lb type="wln" n="75"/>And seene the secret bewties of the maid, <lb type="wln" n="76"/>Their courtly coinesse were but foolery. </ab>
</sp>

<lb type="wln" n="1"/> <stage> Enter King <hi rendition="rnd:normal">Henry, Exeter, 2.</hi> Bishops, <hi rendition="rnd:normal">Clarence,</hi> and other <lb type="wln" n="2"/>Attendants. </stage>

Encode Vertical and Horizontal White Space

We use the


                                          <space>

elements in our semi-diplomatic transcriptions judiciously to capture vertical space between printed units and to capture horizontal white space within lines if it is semantically significant.

If you come across space elements in your remediation, see Encode White Space in Semi-Diplomatic Transcriptions or follow the directions below to ensure you proceed correctly.

If there is white space with no type or ornaments between lines, use the


                                          <space>

element. Add the


                                       @dim

attribute with the value "vertical", the


                                       @unit

attribute with the value "line", and the


                                       @quantity

attribute with the numerical value "1", "2", or more (equivalent to the number of compositorial lines that would fit in that white space).

Conversion yields:

<lb type="tln" n="1"/> <head rendition="rnd:centre rnd:italic">A<g ref="lig:ct">ct</g>us primus. Scoena Prima</head> <lb/> <figure type="rule"/> <lb/>

In remediation, you will emend as follows:

<lb type="wln" n="1"/> <head rendition="rnd:centre rnd:italic">A<g ref="lig:ct">ct</g>us primus. Scoena Prima</head> <space dim="vertical" unit="line" quantity="1"/> <figure type="rule"/> <space dim="vertical" unit="line" quantity="1"/>

If there is horizontal white space, use the


                                          <space>

element. Add the


                                       @dim

attribute with the value "horizontal", the


                                       @unit

attribute with the value "char", and the


                                       @quantity

attribute with a numerical value equivalent to the number of “em”s that are white spaces. For example:

<ab rendition="rnd:italic">
 <lb type="wln" n="1570"/>
 <space dim="horizontal" unit="char" quantity="4"/>The Courtiers <g ref="lig:fl">fl</g>attring Iewels, <lb type="wln" n="1571"/>
 <space dim="horizontal" unit="char" quantity="4"/>(Temptations onely fewels) <lb type="wln" n="1572"/>
 <space dim="horizontal" unit="char" quantity="4"/>The Lawyers ill-got monyes, <lb type="wln" n="1573"/>
 <space dim="horizontal" unit="char" quantity="4"/>That <g ref="g:longS">s</g>ucke vp poore Bees Honyes: <lb type="wln" n="1574"/>
 <space dim="horizontal" unit="char" quantity="4"/>The Citizens <g ref="g:longS">s</g>onne’s ryot, <lb type="wln" n="1575"/>
 <space dim="horizontal" unit="char" quantity="4"/>The gallant co<g ref="lig:longS_t">st</g>ly dyet: <lb type="wln" n="1576"/>
 <space dim="horizontal" unit="char" quantity="4"/>Silks and Veluets, Pearles and Ambers, <lb type="wln" n="1577"/>
 <space dim="horizontal" unit="char" quantity="4"/>Shall not draw me to their Chambers. <lb type="wln" n="1578"/>
 <space dim="horizontal" unit="char" quantity="4"/>Silks and Veluets, &c. </ab>

Note that we do not use


                                          <space>

to indicate text alignment (e.g., right, left, centre). Instead, we use the


                                       @place

attribute.

Proof Forme Works

Follow the instructions in Encode Forme Works in Semi-Diplomatic Transcriptions to make sure your text’s forme works are encoded properly.

When encoding catchwords, remove "rend:right". Catchwords will render on the right because of the file-wide styling that you added in the


                                          <tagsDecl>

element.

Special case: leave rendition="rnd:italic" when the catchword is italicized. This rendition may be on the


                                          <fw>

element (if the entirety of the catchword is italicized) or on a


                                          <hi>

element (if only part of the catchword is italicized). Stage directions and character names are often italicized, thus catchwords that correspond with a stage direction or character name on the next page are often italicized.

Running titles will render as roman font by default. If some of your running titles are in italic font, put the


                                       @rendition

attribute with a value of "rnd:italic" on those that are in italic. If all of your running titles are in italic font, add a


                                          <rendition>

element to the


                                          <tagsDecl>

in the


                                          <teiHeader>

of your file. See Encode File-Wide Style in Semi-Diplomatic Transcriptions for information about the


                                          <tagsDecl>

When encoding signature marks, remove spaces between the letter and the number. By default, LEMDO renders signature numbers as letterspaced.

LEMDO has a prefabricated regex to do remove spaces. See Remove Spaces from Signature Marks. For more information on signature marks, see Signed Leaves.

Proof Transcription

Checking the transcription of the main text involves reading the facsimile alongside the XML file and resolving any differences. This means correcting any transcription errors, adding tags, and making sure the XML offers a truthful description of the source text.

You will have to add tagging for:

Hungwords: follow the instructions in Encode Hungwords in Semi-Diplomatic Transcriptions.

Rotated letters: follow the instructions in Encode Rotated Letters in Semi-Diplomatic Transcriptions.

Some abbreviations: follow the instructions in Encode Abbreviations in Semi-Diplomatic Transcriptions.

Some glyphs: follow the instructions in Encode Glyphs and Ligatures in Semi-Diplomatic Transcriptions. While most ligatures will already be tagged, digraphs (æ, œ, etc.) will need to be added to your file to replace separated letters (ae, oe, etc.). Also try to remedy all occurrences of

<g>

elements with "UNKNOWN" values. Some previous transcribers replaced unknown glyphs with question marks. Most instances of unknown glyphs can be remedied by checking the facsimile.

Foreign words: follow the instructions in Encode Foreign Languages. We do not use the


                                                <foreign>

element in semi-diplomatic transcriptions. Some foreign words will be tagged with the


                                             @rendition

attribute and "rnd:italic" value.

Encode Style

Our generic CSS for semi-diplomatic transcriptions should work to automatically style most of your text. We capture minimal styling in semi-diplomatic transcriptions because facsimiles are readily available. Importantly, we capture:

Decorative letters

Printer’s ornaments and ruled lines

Drop caps

Indentation (including hanging indents)

We also capture:

Italicization: Use the


                                                <hi>

element,


                                             @rendition

attribute, and "rnd:italic" value to capture italicization. Note that the


                                             @rendition

attribute and "rnd:italic" value can be added directly to other elements such as


                                                <speaker>

and


                                                <stage>

Centre or right alignment: Use the


                                             @place

attribute on the


                                                <label>

element or


                                                <stage>

element to describe where text is. See Practice: Encode Placement for information on LEMDO’s practice for encoding placement. Note that if the text is somewhere in between the areas described by our placement taxonomy, align to the nearest side.

How the page is typeset: Use the


                                                <hi>

element,


                                             @rendition

attribute, and "rnd:letterspace" value to capture letterspacing. Note that the


                                             @rendition

attribute and "rnd:letterspace" value can be added directly to other elements such as


                                                <fw>

We do not capture:

Font size.

Type (beyond roman, italic, and English type).

Precise spacing between words (or lack thereof).

Exact size of drop caps, figures, and ornaments.

Update the Tagging Declaration: Final Styling

If there is styling that is consistent throughout your source material that is not included in LEMDO’s default semi-diplomatic transcription CSS (see Default Style in Semi-Diplomatic Transcriptions), create a


                                          <tagsDecl>

element as a child of the


                                          <encodingDesc>

in the


                                          <teiHeader>

of your file. You can add document-specific CSS here. For information on how to add styling using the


                                          <tagsDecl>

, see Encode File-Wide Style in Semi-Diplomatic Transcriptions.

Number Speeches

The next step in remediating semi-diplomatic transcriptions is to number speeches. To do this, run the XSLT that we have created to number speeches. See Practice: Number Speeches

For example:

<sp xml:id="emdEdw_Q1_sp1">
 <speaker>King.</speaker>
 <ab>
 <lb type="wln" n="6"/>
 <hi rendition="rnd:dropcap">R</hi>Obert of Artoys banisht though thou be, </ab>
</sp>

Number Lines

The final step in remediating semi-diplomatic transcriptions is numbering


                                          <lb>

elements. The LEMDO schema does not yet catch out of order

@n

values on


                                          <lb>

elements in semi-diplomatic transcriptions. Some files may already have the


                                       @type

and

@n

attributes numbering


                                          <lb>

elements, others do not.

Even if your file already has numbered


                                          <lb>

elements, it is important to renumber them at the end of remediation. How they are numbered may not align with current LEMDO practice. Additionally,


                                          <lb>

elements are often added, removed, and/or rearranged during the remediation process. Consequently, ensuring that


                                          <lb>

elements are numbered correctly is one of the final steps of remediating your semi-diplomatic transcription. For LEMDO’s current practice on numbering


                                          <lb>

elements, see Practice: Which Lines to Number.

Update Document Status: Proofing

When you have completed your work with your semi-diplomatic transcription, change the document status. Follow these steps:

Change the value of


                                             @status


                                                <revisionDesc>

to "IML-TEI_proofing".

Add a new


                                                <change>

element as a child of


                                                <revisionDesc>

Write the substantive change in the text node (i.e. Finished remediating document).

Add a


                                             @who

, a


                                             @when

, and a


                                             @status

attribute to the


                                                <change>

element.

Add the prefix "pers:" followed by your xml:id to the


                                             @who

attribute.

Add the date you finished the remediation to the


                                             @when

attribute.

Prosopography

Chloe Mee

Chloe Mee (she/her) worked as a research assistant with the LEMDO team over several periods from 2022 to 2025. She graduated from the University of Victoria in 2025 with a BA (Hons with distinction) in English. She will be studying at the University of British Columbia to complete her MA in English. Chloe collaborated with the LEMDO team on a VKURA internship in summer 2022, mainly focusing on Hamlet quartos. Following her internship, she also worked as a research assistant in 2022–23 and 2025.

Isabella Seales

Isabella Seales is a fourth year undergraduate completing her Bachelor of Arts in English at the University of Victoria. She has a special interest in Renaissance and Metaphysical Literature. She is assisting Dr. Jenstad with the MoEML Mayoral Shows anthology as part of the Undergraduate Student Research Award program.

Janelle Jenstad

Janelle Jenstad is a Professor of English at the University of Victoria, Director of The Map of Early Modern London, and Director of Linked Early Modern Drama Online. With Jennifer Roberts-Smith and Mark Beatrice Kaethler, she co-edited Shakespeare’s Language in Digital Media: Old Words, New Tools (Routledge). She has edited John Stow’s A Survey of London (1598 text) for MoEML and is currently editing The Merchant of Venice (with Stephen Wittek) and Heywood’s 2 If You Know Not Me You Know Nobody for DRE. Her articles have appeared in Digital Humanities Quarterly, Elizabethan Theatre, Early Modern Literary Studies, Shakespeare Bulletin, Renaissance and Reformation, and The Journal of Medieval and Early Modern Studies. She contributed chapters to Approaches to Teaching Othello (MLA); Teaching Early Modern Literature from the Archives (MLA); Institutional Culture in Early Modern England (Brill); Shakespeare, Language, and the Stage (Arden); Performing Maternity in Early Modern England (Ashgate); New Directions in the Geohumanities (Routledge); Early Modern Studies and the Digital Turn (Iter); Placing Names: Enriching and Integrating Gazetteers (Indiana); Making Things and Drawing Boundaries (Minnesota); Rethinking Shakespeare Source Study: Audiences, Authors, and Digital Technologies (Routledge); and Civic Performance: Pageantry and Entertainments in Early Modern London (Routledge). For more details, see janellejenstad.com.

Joey Takeda

Joey Takeda is LEMDO’s Consulting Programmer and Designer, a role he assumed in 2020 after three years as the Lead Developer on LEMDO.

Kate LeBere

Project Manager, 2020–2021. Assistant Project Manager, 2019–2020. Textual Remediator and Encoder, 2019–2021. Kate LeBere completed her BA (Hons.) in History and English at the University of Victoria in 2020. During her degree she published papers in The Corvette (2018), The Albatross (2019), and PLVS VLTRA (2020) and presented at the English Undergraduate Conference (2019), Qualicum History Conference (2020), and the Digital Humanities Summer Institute’s Project Management in the Humanities Conference (2021). While her primary research focus was sixteenth and seventeenth century England, she completed her honours thesis on Soviet ballet during the Russian Cultural Revolution. She is currently a student at the University of British Columbia’s iSchool, working on her masters in library and information science.

Mahayla Galliford

Project manager, 2025-present; research assistant, 2021-present. Mahayla Galliford (she/her) graduated with a BA (Hons with distinction) from the University of Victoria in 2024. Mahayla’s undergraduate research explored early modern stage directions and civic water pageantry. Mahayla continues her studies through UVic’s English MA program and her SSHRC-funded thesis project focuses on editing and encoding girls’ manuscripts, specifically Lady Rachel Fane’s dramatic entertainments, in collaboration with LEMDO.

Martin Holmes

Martin Holmes has worked as a developer in the UVic’s Humanities Computing and Media Centre for over two decades, and has been involved with dozens of Digital Humanities projects. He has served on the TEI Technical Council and as Managing Editor of the Journal of the TEI. He took over from Joey Takeda as lead developer on LEMDO in 2020. He is a collaborator on the SSHRC Partnership Grant led by Janelle Jenstad.

Navarra Houldin

Training and Documentation Lead 2025–present. LEMDO project manager 2022–2025. Textual remediator 2021–present. Navarra Houldin (they/them) completed their BA with a major in history and minor in Spanish at the University of Victoria in 2022. Their primary research was on gender and sexuality in early modern Europe and Latin America. They are continuing their education through an MA program in Gender and Social Justice Studies at the University of Alberta where they will specialize in Digital Humanities.

Rylyn Christensen

Rylyn Christensen is an English major at the University of Victoria.

Tracey El Hajj

Junior Programmer 2019–2020. Research Associate 2020–2021. Tracey received her PhD from the Department of English at the University of Victoria in the field of Science and Technology Studies. Her research focuses on the algorhythmics of networked communications. She was a 2019–2020 President’s Fellow in Research-Enriched Teaching at UVic, where she taught an advanced course on Artificial Intelligence and Everyday Life. Tracey was also a member of the Map of Early Modern London team, between 2018 and 2021. Between 2020 and 2021, she was a fellow in residence at the Praxis Studio for Comparative Media Studies, where she investigated the relationships between artificial intelligence, creativity, health, and justice. As of July 2021, Tracey has moved into the alt-ac world for a term position, while also teaching in the English Department at the University of Victoria.

Bibliography

Farmer, John S., ed. The Famous Victories of Henry the Fifth 1598. The Tudor Facsimile Texts. Edinburgh and London, 1912.

The famous victories of Henry the fifth. Thomas Creede, 1598. STC 13072. Queen’s Men Editions. ESTC S106379. DEEP 252.

Orgography

LEMDO Team (LEMD1)

The LEMDO Team is based at the University of Victoria and normally comprises the project director, the lead developer, project manager, junior developers(s), remediators, encoders, and remediating editors.

Metadata

Authority title	Remediate Semi-Diplomatic Transcriptions
Type of text	Documentation
Publisher	University of Victoria on the Linked Early Modern Drama Online Platform
Series	Linked Early Modern Drama Online
Source	TEI Customization created by Martin Holmes, Joey Takeda, and Janelle Jenstad; documentation written by members of the LEMDO Team
Editorial declaration	n/a
Edition	Released with Linked Early Modern Drama Online 1.0
Encoding description	Encoded in TEI P5 according to the LEMDO Customization and Encoding Guidelines
Document status	prgGenerated
Funder(s)	Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada
License/availability	This file is licensed under a CC BY-NC_ND 4.0 license, which means that it is freely downloadable without permission under the following conditions: (1) credit must be given to the author and LEMDO in any subsequent use of the files and/or data; (2) the content cannot be adapted or repurposed (except in quotations for the purposes of academic review and citation); and (3) commercial uses are not permitted without the knowledge and consent of the editor and LEMDO. This license allows for pedagogical use of the documentation in the classroom.

Remediate Semi-Diplomatic Transcriptions

Prior Reading

Rationale

Give Credit in the Metadata

Update Document Status: In Progress

Remove Extra Line Beginnings

Update the Source Description

Comment out the Participation Description

Re-Encode the Title Page

Remove Text Division and Heading Division Elements

Encode Speaker Elements

Remove @who Attributes

Remove Foreign Language Tags

Encode Stage Directions

Remove "g:zeroWidthSpace" Values

Remove Tagging for Long S

Remove "rnd:justify" Values

Tidy Line Beginning Elements

Check Order Elements in Speeches and Stage Directions

Encode Vertical and Horizontal White Space

Proof Forme Works

Proof Transcription

Encode Style

Update the Tagging Declaration: Final Styling

Number Speeches

Number Lines

Update Document Status: Proofing

Prosopography

Chloe Mee

Isabella Seales

Janelle Jenstad

Joey Takeda

Kate LeBere

Mahayla Galliford

Martin Holmes

Navarra Houldin

Rylyn Christensen

Tracey El Hajj

Bibliography

Orgography

LEMDO Team (LEMD1)

Metadata

Remove `@who` Attributes

Remove `"g:zeroWidthSpace"` Values

Remove `"rnd:justify"` Values