Encode Glyphs and Ligatures in Semi-Diplomatic Texts
The early playbooks contain typographical features that are uncommon in modern typography,
including brevigraphs (&), digraphs (æ), shortened forms (persō), ligatures (st), combining
forms (VV for W), and accented characters.
In some instances—such as with ligatures—the semi-diplomatic texts provide a normalization
and wrap the normalized letter(s) in the glyph
<g>
element. Tagging characters this way increases the accessibility of the transcriptions
and allows LEMDO to render the glyph as either a slightly modernized glyph or as the
original character.Common digraphs such as æ, œ, and accented characters are entered as the unicode symbol
in the text but are also tagged with the
<g>
element. See Special Characters: Encode Characters from the Character Mapfor a breakdown of the most commonly used special characters.
To tag a glyph, use the
<g>
element and
@ref
attribute. The value of
@ref
is the "g:"
prefix plus the glyphʼs xml:id. These xml:ids are listed in the Typographical Glyphs Taxonomy.
<lb/>I know my price, I am worth no
wor<g ref="g:longS">s</g>e a place.
<lb/>Gardon, O <g ref="g:longS">s</g>weete gardon, better then remunerati<g ref="g:otilde">õ</g>.
<lb/>Di<g ref="lig:longS_t">st</g>urbe him not, let him pa<g ref="lig:longS_longS">ss</g>e peaceably.
To tag a ligature, use the
<g>
element and
@ref
attribute. The value of the
@ref
attribute is the "lig:"
prefix plus the glyphʼs xml:id. These xml:ids are listed in the Typographical Glyphs Taxonomy.
<lb/>More then a Spin<g ref="lig:longS_t">st</g>er, vnle<g ref="lig:longS_longS">ss</g>e the booki<g ref="lig:longS_h">sh</g> Theorique,
<lb/>A<g ref="lig:ct">ct</g>us Primus. Sc<g ref="lig:oe">œ</g>na Prima.
If you encounter a glyph that is not on the LEMDO list, give it the value
"UNKNOWN"
. The processor will flag this tagging for us and we will write processing. Do not ignore any glyphs. If you tag it, we can find it. If you do not tag it, we will not know that we need
to add it.
<lb/>Laughest thou Wretch<g ref="g:UNKNOWN">{ }</g>?
Examples:
xml:id (value) | typographical feature | text node |
g_amacron | ā | ā |
g_emacron | ē | ē |
g_imacron | ī | ī |
g_omacron | ō | ō |
g_umacron | ū | ū |
g_ymacron | ȳ | ȳ |
g_atilde | ã | ã |
g_etilde | ẽ | ẽ |
g_itilde | ĩ | ĩ |
g_otilde | õ | õ |
g_utilde | ũ | ũ |
g_ntilde | ñ | ñ |
lig_AE | Æ | Æ |
lig_ae | æ | æ |
lig_ee | ee | ee |
lig_oe | œ | œ |
lig_oo | oo | oo |
lig_fe | fe | fe |
lig_ff | ff | ff |
lig_fi | fi | fi |
lig_fl | fl | fl |
lig_ft | ft | ft |
lig_ffi | ffi | ffi |
lig_ffl | ffl | ffl |
lig_longS_longS_l | ſſl | ssl |
lig_sl | sl | sl |
lig_st | st | st |
lig_longS_t | ſt | st |
lig_ij | ij | ij |
lig_IJ | IJ | IJ |
lig_ct | ct | ct |
lig_longS_h | ſh | sh |
lig_longS_longS | ſſ | ss |
lig_is | is | is |
lig_longS_longS_i | ſſi | ssi |
lig_as | as | as |
lig_longS_i | ſi | si |
lig_us | us | us |
lig_longS_l | ſl | sl |
lig_ll | ll | ll |
lig_fr | fr | fr |
lig_longS_p | ſp | sp |
lig_sp | sp | sp |
lig_os | os | os |
lig_sz | sz | sz |
g_doubleHyphen | ⸗ | - |
g_ocircumflex | ô | ô |
g_udiaeresis | ü | ü |
g_longS | ſ | s |
g_thorn | þ | þ |
g_wynn | ƿ | ƿ |
g_eth | ð | ð |
g_vv | vv | vv |
g_VV | VV | VV |
g_rotunda | n/a | r |
Prosopography
Janelle Jenstad
Janelle Jenstad is a Professor of English at the University of
Victoria, Director of The Map
of Early Modern London, and Director of Linked Early Modern Drama
Online. With Jennifer Roberts-Smith and Mark Kaethler, she
co-edited Shakespeare’s Language in Digital Media: Old
Words, New Tools (Routledge). She has edited John Stow’s
A Survey of London (1598 text) for MoEML
and is currently editing The Merchant of Venice
(with Stephen Wittek) and Heywood’s 2 If You Know Not
Me You Know Nobody for DRE. Her articles have appeared in
Digital Humanities Quarterly, Elizabethan Theatre, Early Modern
Literary Studies, Shakespeare
Bulletin, Renaissance and
Reformation, and The Journal of Medieval
and Early Modern Studies. She contributed chapters to Approaches to Teaching Othello (MLA); Teaching Early Modern Literature from the Archives
(MLA); Institutional Culture in Early Modern
England (Brill); Shakespeare, Language, and
the Stage (Arden); Performing Maternity in
Early Modern England (Ashgate); New
Directions in the Geohumanities (Routledge); Early Modern Studies and the Digital Turn (Iter);
Placing Names: Enriching and Integrating
Gazetteers (Indiana); Making Things and
Drawing Boundaries (Minnesota); Rethinking
Shakespeare Source Study: Audiences, Authors, and Digital
Technologies (Routledge); and Civic
Performance: Pageantry and Entertainments in Early Modern
London (Routledge). For more details, see janellejenstad.com.
Joey Takeda
Joey Takeda is LEMDO’s Consulting Programmer and Designer, a role he
assumed in 2020 after three years as the Lead Developer on
LEMDO.
Kate LeBere
Project Manager, 2020–2021. Assistant Project Manager, 2019–2020. Textual Remediator
and Encoder, 2019–2021. Kate LeBere completed her BA (Hons.) in History and English
at the University of Victoria in 2020. During her degree she published papers in The Corvette (2018), The Albatross (2019), and PLVS VLTRA (2020) and presented at the English Undergraduate Conference (2019), Qualicum History
Conference (2020), and the Digital Humanities Summer Institute’s Project Management
in the Humanities Conference (2021). While her primary research focus was sixteenth
and seventeenth century England, she completed her honours thesis on Soviet ballet
during the Russian Cultural Revolution. She is currently a student at the University
of British Columbia’s iSchool, working on her masters in library and information science.
Martin Holmes
Martin Holmes has worked as a developer in the
UVicʼs Humanities Computing and Media Centre for
over two decades, and has been involved with dozens
of Digital Humanities projects. He has served on
the TEI Technical Council and as Managing Editor of
the Journal of the TEI. He took over from Joey Takeda as
lead developer on LEMDO in 2020. He is a collaborator on
the SSHRC Partnership Grant led by Janelle Jenstad.
Navarra Houldin
Project manager 2022–present. Textual remediator 2021–present. Navarra Houldin (they/them)
completed their BA in History and Spanish at the University of Victoria in 2022. During
their degree, they worked as a teaching assistant with the University of Victoriaʼs
Department of Hispanic and Italian Studies. Their primary research was on gender and
sexuality in early modern Europe and Latin America.
Tracey El Hajj
Junior Programmer 2019–2020. Research Associate 2020–2021. Tracey received her PhD
from the Department of English at the University of Victoria in the field of Science
and Technology Studies. Her research focuses on the algorhythmics of networked communications. She was a 2019–2020 President’s Fellow in Research-Enriched
Teaching at UVic, where she taught an advanced course on
Artificial Intelligence and Everyday Life.Tracey was also a member of the Map of Early Modern London team, between 2018 and 2021. Between 2020 and 2021, she was a fellow in residence at the Praxis Studio for Comparative Media Studies, where she investigated the relationships between artificial intelligence, creativity, health, and justice. As of July 2021, Tracey has moved into the alt-ac world for a term position, while also teaching in the English Department at the University of Victoria.
Orgography
LEMDO Team (LEMD1)
The LEMDO Team is based at the University of Victoria and normally comprises the project
director, the lead developer, project manager, junior developers(s), remediators,
encoders, and remediating editors.
Metadata
Authority title | Encode Glyphs and Ligatures in Semi-Diplomatic Texts |
Type of text | Documentation |
Short title | |
Publisher | University of Victoria on the Linked Early Modern Drama Online Platform |
Series | Linked Early Modern Drama Online |
Source |
TEI Customization created by Martin Holmes, Joey Takeda, and Janelle Jenstad; documentation written by members of the LEMDO Team
|
Editorial declaration | n/a |
Edition | Released with Linked Early Modern Drama Online 1.0 |
Encoding description | Encoded in TEI P5 according to the LEMDO Customization and Encoding Guidelines |
Document status | prgGenerated |
Funder(s) | Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada |
License/availability | This file is licensed under a CC BY-NC_ND 4.0 license, which means that it is freely downloadable without permission under the following conditions: (1) credit must be given to the author and LEMDO in any subsequent use of the files and/or data; (2) the content cannot be adapted or repurposed (except in quotations for the purposes of academic review and citation); and (3) commercial uses are not permitted without the knowledge and consent of the editor and LEMDO. This license allows for pedagogical use of the documentation in the classroom. |