Encode Glyphs and Ligatures in Semi-Diplomatic Transcriptions
The early playbooks contain typographical features that are uncommon in modern typography,
including brevigraphs (&), digraphs (æ), shortened forms (persō), ligatures (st), combining
forms (VV for W), and accented characters.
In some instances—such as with ligatures—the semi-diplomatic transcriptions provide
a normalization and wrap the normalized letter(s) in the glyph
<g>
element. Tagging characters this way increases the accessibility of the transcriptions
and allows LEMDO to render the glyph as either a slightly modernized glyph or as the
original character.Common digraphs such as æ, œ, and accented characters are entered as the unicode symbol
in the text but are also tagged with the
<g>
element. See Special Characters: Encode Characters from the Character Mapfor a breakdown of the most commonly used special characters.
To tag a glyph, use the
<g>
element and
@ref attribute. The value of
@ref is the "g:" prefix plus the glyph’s xml:id. These xml:ids are listed in the Typographical Glyphs Taxonomy.
<lb/>I know my price, I am worth no
wor<g ref="g:longS">s</g>e a place.
<lb/>Gardon, O <g ref="g:longS">s</g>weete gardon, better then remunerati<g ref="g:otilde">õ</g>.
<lb/>Di<g ref="lig:longS_t">st</g>urbe him not, let him pa<g ref="lig:longS_longS">ss</g>e peaceably.
To tag a ligature, use the
<g>
element and
@ref attribute. The value of the
@ref attribute is the "lig:" prefix plus the glyph’s xml:id. These xml:ids are listed in the Typographical Glyphs Taxonomy.
<lb/>More then a Spin<g ref="lig:longS_t">st</g>er, vnle<g ref="lig:longS_longS">ss</g>e the booki<g ref="lig:longS_h">sh</g> Theorique,
<lb/>A<g ref="lig:ct">ct</g>us Primus. Sc<g ref="lig:oe">œ</g>na Prima.
If you encounter a glyph that is not on the LEMDO list, give it the value
"UNKNOWN". The processor will flag this tagging for us and we will write processing. Do not ignore any glyphs. If you tag it, we can find it. If you do not tag it, we will not know that we need
to add it.
<lb/>Laughest thou Wretch<g ref="g:UNKNOWN">{ }</g>?
Examples:
| xml:id (value) | typographical feature | text node |
| g_amacron | ā | ā |
| g_emacron | ē | ē |
| g_imacron | ī | ī |
| g_omacron | ō | ō |
| g_umacron | ū | ū |
| g_ymacron | ȳ | ȳ |
| g_atilde | ã | ã |
| g_etilde | ẽ | ẽ |
| g_itilde | ĩ | ĩ |
| g_otilde | õ | õ |
| g_utilde | ũ | ũ |
| g_ntilde | ñ | ñ |
| lig_AE | Æ | Æ |
| lig_ae | æ | æ |
| lig_ee | ee | ee |
| lig_oe | œ | œ |
| lig_oo | oo | oo |
| lig_fe | fe | fe |
| lig_ff | ff | ff |
| lig_fi | fi | fi |
| lig_fl | fl | fl |
| lig_ft | ft | ft |
| lig_ffi | ffi | ffi |
| lig_ffl | ffl | ffl |
| lig_longS_longS_l | ſſl | ssl |
| lig_sl | sl | sl |
| lig_st | st | st |
| lig_longS_t | ſt | st |
| lig_ij | ij | ij |
| lig_IJ | IJ | IJ |
| lig_ct | ct | ct |
| lig_longS_h | ſh | sh |
| lig_longS_longS | ſſ | ss |
| lig_is | is | is |
| lig_longS_longS_i | ſſi | ssi |
| lig_as | as | as |
| lig_longS_i | ſi | si |
| lig_us | us | us |
| lig_longS_l | ſl | sl |
| lig_ll | ll | ll |
| lig_fr | fr | fr |
| lig_longS_p | ſp | sp |
| lig_sp | sp | sp |
| lig_os | os | os |
| lig_sz | sz | sz |
| g_doubleHyphen | ⸗ | - |
| g_ocircumflex | ô | ô |
| g_udiaeresis | ü | ü |
| g_longS | ſ | s |
| g_thorn | þ | þ |
| g_wynn | ƿ | ƿ |
| g_eth | ð | ð |
| g_vv | vv | vv |
| g_VV | VV | VV |
| g_rotunda | n/a | r |
Prosopography
Janelle Jenstad
Janelle Jenstad is a Professor of English at the University of Victoria, Director
of The Map of Early Modern London, and Director of Linked Early Modern Drama Online. With Jennifer Roberts-Smith and Mark Kaethler, she co-edited Shakespeare’s Language in Digital Media: Old Words, New Tools (Routledge). She has edited John Stow’s A Survey of London (1598 text) for MoEML and is currently editing The Merchant of Venice (with Stephen Wittek) and Heywood’s 2 If You Know Not Me You Know Nobody for DRE. Her articles have appeared in Digital Humanities Quarterly, Elizabethan Theatre, Early Modern Literary Studies, Shakespeare Bulletin, Renaissance and Reformation, and The Journal of Medieval and Early Modern Studies. She contributed chapters to Approaches to Teaching Othello (MLA); Teaching Early Modern Literature from the Archives (MLA); Institutional Culture in Early Modern England (Brill); Shakespeare, Language, and the Stage (Arden); Performing Maternity in Early Modern England (Ashgate); New Directions in the Geohumanities (Routledge); Early Modern Studies and the Digital Turn (Iter); Placing Names: Enriching and Integrating Gazetteers (Indiana); Making Things and Drawing Boundaries (Minnesota); Rethinking Shakespeare Source Study: Audiences, Authors, and Digital Technologies (Routledge); and Civic Performance: Pageantry and Entertainments in Early Modern London (Routledge). For more details, see janellejenstad.com.
Joey Takeda
Joey Takeda is LEMDO’s Consulting Programmer and Designer, a role he assumed in 2020
after three years as the Lead Developer on LEMDO.
Kate LeBere
Project Manager, 2020–2021. Assistant Project Manager, 2019–2020. Textual Remediator
and Encoder, 2019–2021. Kate LeBere completed her BA (Hons.) in History and English
at the University of Victoria in 2020. During her degree she published papers in The Corvette (2018), The Albatross (2019), and PLVS VLTRA (2020) and presented at the English Undergraduate Conference (2019), Qualicum History
Conference (2020), and the Digital Humanities Summer Institute’s Project Management
in the Humanities Conference (2021). While her primary research focus was sixteenth
and seventeenth century England, she completed her honours thesis on Soviet ballet
during the Russian Cultural Revolution. She is currently a student at the University
of British Columbia’s iSchool, working on her masters in library and information science.
Mahayla Galliford
Project manager, 2025-present; research assistant, 2021-present. Mahayla Galliford
(she/her) graduated with a BA (Hons with distinction) from the University of Victoria
in 2024. Mahayla’s undergraduate research explored early modern stage directions and
civic water pageantry. Mahayla continues her studies through UVic’s English MA program
and her SSHRC-funded thesis project focuses on editing and encoding girls’ manuscripts,
specifically Lady Rachel Fane’s dramatic entertainments, in collaboration with LEMDO.
Martin Holmes
Martin Holmes has worked as a developer in the UVic’s Humanities Computing and Media
Centre for over two decades, and has been involved with dozens of Digital Humanities
projects. He has served on the TEI Technical Council and as Managing Editor of the
Journal of the TEI. He took over from Joey Takeda as lead developer on LEMDO in 2020.
He is a collaborator on the SSHRC Partnership Grant led by Janelle Jenstad.
Navarra Houldin
Training and Documentation Lead 2025–present. LEMDO project manager 2022–2025. Textual
remediator 2021–present. Navarra Houldin (they/them) completed their BA with a major
in history and minor in Spanish at the University of Victoria in 2022. Their primary
research was on gender and sexuality in early modern Europe and Latin America. They
are continuing their education through an MA program in Gender and Social Justice
Studies at the University of Alberta where they will specialize in Digital Humanities.
Tracey El Hajj
Junior Programmer 2019–2020. Research Associate 2020–2021. Tracey received her PhD
from the Department of English at the University of Victoria in the field of Science
and Technology Studies. Her research focuses on the algorhythmics of networked communications. She was a 2019–2020 President’s Fellow in Research-Enriched
Teaching at UVic, where she taught an advanced course on
Artificial Intelligence and Everyday Life.Tracey was also a member of the Map of Early Modern London team, between 2018 and 2021. Between 2020 and 2021, she was a fellow in residence at the Praxis Studio for Comparative Media Studies, where she investigated the relationships between artificial intelligence, creativity, health, and justice. As of July 2021, Tracey has moved into the alt-ac world for a term position, while also teaching in the English Department at the University of Victoria.
Orgography
LEMDO Team (LEMD1)
The LEMDO Team is based at the University of Victoria and normally comprises the project
director, the lead developer, project manager, junior developers(s), remediators,
encoders, and remediating editors.
Metadata
| Authority title | Encode Glyphs and Ligatures in Semi-Diplomatic Transcriptions |
| Type of text | Documentation |
| Publisher | University of Victoria on the Linked Early Modern Drama Online Platform |
| Series | Linked Early Modern Drama Online |
| Source |
TEI Customization created by Martin Holmes, Joey Takeda, and Janelle Jenstad; documentation written by members of the LEMDO Team
|
| Editorial declaration | n/a |
| Edition | Released with Linked Early Modern Drama Online 1.0 |
| Encoding description | Encoded in TEI P5 according to the LEMDO Customization and Encoding Guidelines |
| Document status | prgGenerated |
| Funder(s) | Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada |
| License/availability |
This file is licensed under a CC BY-NC_ND 4.0 license, which means that it is freely downloadable without permission under the following
conditions: (1) credit must be given to the author and LEMDO in any subsequent use
of the files and/or data; (2) the content cannot be adapted or repurposed (except
in quotations for the purposes of academic review and citation); and (3) commercial
uses are not permitted without the knowledge and consent of the editor and LEMDO.
This license allows for pedagogical use of the documentation in the classroom.
|