Encode Glyphs and Ligatures in Semi-Diplomatic Texts

The early playbooks contain typographical features that are uncommon in modern typography, including brevigraphs (&), digraphs (æ), shortened forms (persō), ligatures (st), combining forms (VV for W), and accented characters.
In some instances—such as with ligatures—the semi-diplomatic texts provide a normalization and wrap the normalized letter(s) in the glyph <g> element. Tagging characters this way increases the accessibility of the transcriptions and allows LEMDO to render the glyph as either a slightly modernized glyph or as the original character.
Common digraphs such as æ, œ, and accented characters are entered as the unicode symbol in the text but are also tagged with the <g> element. See Special Characters: Encode Characters from the Character Map for a breakdown of the most commonly used special characters.
To tag a glyph, use the <g> element and @ref attribute. The value of @ref is the "g:" prefix plus the glyphʼs xml:id. These xml:ids are listed in the Typographical Glyphs Taxonomy.
<lb/>I know my price, I am worth no wor<g ref="g:longS">s</g>e a place.
<lb/>Gardon, O <g ref="g:longS">s</g>weete gardon, better then remunerati<g ref="g:otilde">õ</g>.
<lb/>Di<g ref="lig:longS_t">st</g>urbe him not, let him pa<g ref="lig:longS_longS">ss</g>e peaceably.
To tag a ligature, use the <g> element and @ref attribute. The value of the @ref attribute is the "lig:" prefix plus the glyphʼs xml:id. These xml:ids are listed in the Typographical Glyphs Taxonomy.
<lb/>More then a Spin<g ref="lig:longS_t">st</g>er, vnle<g ref="lig:longS_longS">ss</g>e the booki<g ref="lig:longS_h">sh</g> Theorique,
<lb/>A<g ref="lig:ct">ct</g>us Primus. Sc<g ref="lig:oe">œ</g>na Prima.
If you encounter a glyph that is not on the LEMDO list, give it the value "UNKNOWN". The processor will flag this tagging for us and we will write processing. Do not ignore any glyphs. If you tag it, we can find it. If you do not tag it, we will not know that we need to add it.
<lb/>Laughest thou Wretch<g ref="g:UNKNOWN">{ }</g>?
Examples:
xml:id (value) typographical feature text node
g_amacron ā ā
g_emacron ē ē
g_imacron ī ī
g_omacron ō ō
g_umacron ū ū
g_ymacron ȳ ȳ
g_atilde ã ã
g_etilde
g_itilde ĩ ĩ
g_otilde õ õ
g_utilde ũ ũ
g_ntilde ñ ñ
lig_AE Æ Æ
lig_ae æ æ
lig_ee ee ee
lig_oe œ œ
lig_oo oo oo
lig_fe fe fe
lig_ff ff
lig_fi fi
lig_fl fl
lig_ft ft ft
lig_ffi ffi
lig_ffl ffl
lig_longS_longS_l ſſl ssl
lig_sl sl sl
lig_st st
lig_longS_t st
lig_ij ij ij
lig_IJ IJ IJ
lig_ct ct ct
lig_longS_h ſh sh
lig_longS_longS ſſ ss
lig_is is is
lig_longS_longS_i ſſi ssi
lig_as as as
lig_longS_i ſi si
lig_us us us
lig_longS_l ſl sl
lig_ll ll ll
lig_fr fr fr
lig_longS_p ſp sp
lig_sp sp sp
lig_os os os
lig_sz sz sz
g_doubleHyphen -
g_ocircumflex ô ô
g_udiaeresis ü ü
g_longS ſ s
g_thorn þ þ
g_wynn ƿ ƿ
g_eth ð ð
g_vv vv vv
g_VV VV VV
g_rotunda n/a r

Prosopography

Janelle Jenstad

Janelle Jenstad is a Professor of English at the University of Victoria, Director of The Map of Early Modern London, and Director of Linked Early Modern Drama Online. With Jennifer Roberts-Smith and Mark Kaethler, she co-edited Shakespeare’s Language in Digital Media: Old Words, New Tools (Routledge). She has edited John Stow’s A Survey of London (1598 text) for MoEML and is currently editing The Merchant of Venice (with Stephen Wittek) and Heywood’s 2 If You Know Not Me You Know Nobody for DRE. Her articles have appeared in Digital Humanities Quarterly, Elizabethan Theatre, Early Modern Literary Studies, Shakespeare Bulletin, Renaissance and Reformation, and The Journal of Medieval and Early Modern Studies. She contributed chapters to Approaches to Teaching Othello (MLA); Teaching Early Modern Literature from the Archives (MLA); Institutional Culture in Early Modern England (Brill); Shakespeare, Language, and the Stage (Arden); Performing Maternity in Early Modern England (Ashgate); New Directions in the Geohumanities (Routledge); Early Modern Studies and the Digital Turn (Iter); Placing Names: Enriching and Integrating Gazetteers (Indiana); Making Things and Drawing Boundaries (Minnesota); Rethinking Shakespeare Source Study: Audiences, Authors, and Digital Technologies (Routledge); and Civic Performance: Pageantry and Entertainments in Early Modern London (Routledge). For more details, see janellejenstad.com.

Joey Takeda

Joey Takeda is LEMDO’s Consulting Programmer and Designer, a role he assumed in 2020 after three years as the Lead Developer on LEMDO.

Kate LeBere

Project Manager, 2020–2021. Assistant Project Manager, 2019–2020. Textual Remediator and Encoder, 2019–2021. Kate LeBere completed her BA (Hons.) in History and English at the University of Victoria in 2020. During her degree she published papers in The Corvette (2018), The Albatross (2019), and PLVS VLTRA (2020) and presented at the English Undergraduate Conference (2019), Qualicum History Conference (2020), and the Digital Humanities Summer Institute’s Project Management in the Humanities Conference (2021). While her primary research focus was sixteenth and seventeenth century England, she completed her honours thesis on Soviet ballet during the Russian Cultural Revolution. She is currently a student at the University of British Columbia’s iSchool, working on her masters in library and information science.

Martin Holmes

Martin Holmes has worked as a developer in the UVicʼs Humanities Computing and Media Centre for over two decades, and has been involved with dozens of Digital Humanities projects. He has served on the TEI Technical Council and as Managing Editor of the Journal of the TEI. He took over from Joey Takeda as lead developer on LEMDO in 2020. He is a collaborator on the SSHRC Partnership Grant led by Janelle Jenstad.

Navarra Houldin

Project manager 2022–present. Textual remediator 2021–present. Navarra Houldin (they/them) completed their BA in History and Spanish at the University of Victoria in 2022. During their degree, they worked as a teaching assistant with the University of Victoriaʼs Department of Hispanic and Italian Studies. Their primary research was on gender and sexuality in early modern Europe and Latin America.

Tracey El Hajj

Junior Programmer 2019–2020. Research Associate 2020–2021. Tracey received her PhD from the Department of English at the University of Victoria in the field of Science and Technology Studies. Her research focuses on the algorhythmics of networked communications. She was a 2019–2020 President’s Fellow in Research-Enriched Teaching at UVic, where she taught an advanced course on Artificial Intelligence and Everyday Life. Tracey was also a member of the Map of Early Modern London team, between 2018 and 2021. Between 2020 and 2021, she was a fellow in residence at the Praxis Studio for Comparative Media Studies, where she investigated the relationships between artificial intelligence, creativity, health, and justice. As of July 2021, Tracey has moved into the alt-ac world for a term position, while also teaching in the English Department at the University of Victoria.

Orgography

LEMDO Team (LEMD1)

The LEMDO Team is based at the University of Victoria and normally comprises the project director, the lead developer, project manager, junior developers(s), remediators, encoders, and remediating editors.

Metadata