There are a number of actions that you are likely to do and special characters that
you are likely to use when encoding your edition. To make encoding easier, we have
created a number of keyboard shortcuts that will insert pieces of encoding and special
characters into your file. In addition to these project-specific shortcuts, there
are some generic shortcuts that are built into Oxygen XML Editor. This documentation
will guide you through the practice of using the shortcuts available to you along
with how to find special characters that we have not created keyboard shortcuts for.
Oxygen has dozens of keyboard shortcuts. Navigate to Options in your Oxygen application and click Menu Shortcut Keys to see them all. Some of the most useful ones are listed below:
Add tags around text: Highlight text you want to tag and press Ctrl+E (Cmd+E on Mac). You will be able to choose an element to put around the text.
Remove tags around text: Put your cursor in an element, and press Ctrl+Alt+X (Cmd+Alt+X on Mac). The tag will disappear, leaving its contents.
Validate your file: Press Ctrl+Shift+V (Cmd+Shift+V on Mac) to validate your file.
Check well-formedness: Press Ctrl+Shift+W (Cmd:Shift+W on Mac) to check well-formedness.
Comment out text: Press Ctrl+Shift+, (Cmd+Shift+M on Mac) machines to turn highlighted text into a comment. This keyboard shortcut
will change the encoding of comments nested within the highlighted text so the encoding
does not become invalid due to nested comments. To undo the action of turning the
highlighted text into a comment, place your cursor anywhere within the comment you
have just created and press Ctrl+Shift+comma or Cmd+Shift+M again.
Ctrl+Shift+Space (same command on Mac): This shortcut allows you to bring up a dropdown menu of special
characters at any point. Click where you want to insert a character and type Ctrl+Shift+Space. This will generate a list of all special characters that we have added to the lemdo-all.xpr file. This is available to you because you will always have begun your work by opening
the lemdo-all.xpr
Note that all of the characters that you can add directly using specific keyboard
shortcuts can also be added using this dropdown menu.
Ctrl+Shift+' (Cmd+Shift+' on Mac): This shortcut will add a right curly apostrophe. We do not allow straight
apostrophes in text within the LEMDO project. If you add a straight apostrophe to
your text, you will receive an error message in Oxygen prompting you to use this command
to replace straight apostrophes with curly apostrophes.
Use the ellipsis character (…) from your character map instead of typing three spaced
periods (. . .) in files. We never want three spaced periods to be used as ellipses.
We use the ellipsis character because it is unambiguous, it ensures that our ellipses
are standardized across the project, and it allows us to easily change the rendering
of ellipses if we choose.
Ctrl+Shift+. (Cmd+Shift+. on Mac): This shortcut will add an ellipsis character. Ensure that you have typed
a space on either side of your ellipsis character.
Ctrl+Shift+P (Cmd+Shift+P on Mac): This shortcut will add a
<ptr>
element with @type="localCit" and an empty
@target attribute to your text. You may use this shortcut when you want to point to the text
in the modern or semi-diplomatic files of your edition; if you choose to use this
shortcut. You must add a value to the
@target attribute for your
<ptr>
to be valid.
Note that if you are not linking to an act, scene, or speech in your own edition,
you should not have a
@type attribute with the value "localCit". If you use this shortcut to link to something else (i.e., a
<div>
element in your edition), remove the
@type attribute. For more information about encoding the
<ptr>
element, see Encode Pointer Links.
Ctrl+Shift+C (Cmd+Shift+C on Mac): This shortcut will add an empty
<person>
element. You may use it when you are encoding the character list in the
<teiHeader>
of your modernized text and if you are encoding entries in the sitewide Personography
or Prosopography. This shortcut will provide you with this frame:
You will add the relevant information to the text node of the
<name>
element, the
<reg>
, and, if applicable, the
<note>
element. For more information on encoding character lists, see Encode Character Lists in Modern Texts. For more information on encoding entries in our sitewide Personography and Prosopography,
see Personography (PERS1) and Prosopography (PROS1).
Ctrl+Shift+K (Cmd+Shift+K on Mac): This shortcut will add a
<quote>
element with the attributes you need to encode a quotation spanning multiple lines:
There are some symbols that you must sometimes escape in XML. Because these symbols are part of the code, you must differentiate them from
code when you are using them for another purpose. Read about escaped characters in
The World Wide Web Consortium. These include the ampersand and the greater than and less than signs. The table
below shows how to escape these characters.
Description
Original Character
Escaped Character
Ampersand
&
&
Greater Than
>
>
Less than
<
<
Example of an ampersand in a quotation within an annotation note:
<quote>Euery valley shall be exalted, and euery mountaine and hill shall be made lowe: and
the crooked shalbe streight, & the rough places plaine</quote>
Example of an ampersand in the title of a work in the bibliography:
<title level="m">Comedies, Histories, Tragedies & Poems of William Shakespeare</title>
¶ Special Characters: Encode Characters from the Character Map
If a word has an accented character (as opposed to a stress mark over a syllable),
find it in the character map. Every computer operating system now has a character
map built into it, giving you full access to most of the symbols and characters in
the Unicode database. There is no need to tag the character, just copy it from your
character map. If necessary, you can search the character map by keyword or by Unicode
number.
You may also use Insert from Character Map in Oxygen which can be found under Edit in the main toolbar:
Once in you have opened the character map, you can search for the special character
you need and press Insert:
You may also copy and paste commonly used special characters from this table:
Symbol
Description
Unicode Number
Ã
Latin Capital Letter A With Tilde
U+00C3
ã
Latin Small Letter A With Tilde
U+00E3
Ā
Latin Capital Letter A With Macron
U+0100
ā
Latin Small Letter A With Macron
U+0101
Ẽ
Latin Capital Letter E with Tilde
U+1EBC
ẽ
Latin Small Letter E With Tilde
U+1EBD
Ē
Latin Capital Letter E with Macron
U+0112
ē
Latin Small Letter E With Macron
U+0113
è
Latin Small Letter E With Grave
U+00E8
ê
Latin Small Letter E With Circumflex
U+00EA
é
Latin Small Letter E With Acute
U+00E9
Ĩ
Latin Capital Letter I With Tilde
U+0128
ĩ
Latin Small Letter I With Tilde
U+0129
Ī
Latin Capital Letter I With Macron
U+012A
ī
Latin Small Letter I With Macron
U+012B
Õ
Latin Capital Letter O With Tilde
U+00D5
õ
Latin Small Letter O With Tilde
U+00F5
Ō
Latin Capital Letter O With Macron
U+014C
ō
Latin Small Letter O With Macron
U+014D
Ũ
Latin Capital Letter U With Tilde
U+0168
ũ
Latin Small Letter U With Tilde
U+0169
Ū
Latin Capital Letter U With Macron
U+016A
ū
Latin Small Letter U With Macron
U+016B
Ỹ
Latin Capital Letter Y With Tilde
U+1EF8
ỹ
Latin Small Letter Y With Tilde
U+1EF9
Ȳ
Latin Capital Letter Y With Macron
U+0232
ȳ
Latin Small Letter Y With Macron
U+0233
ð
Latin Small Letter Eth
U+00F0
ƿ
Latin Letter Wynn
U+01BF
If you need to use a non-Latin character in your modern text, search for it in your
character map and copy it into your document. Not all non-Latin characters will display
equally well on all computers; e.g., older operating systems will often substitute
a rectangle or a question mark for characters that they cannot render. You will also
want to add a comment to your file giving the Unicode number so that the LEMDO team
can help you with the encoding.
Isabella Seales is a fourth year undergraduate completing her Bachelor of Arts in
English at the University of Victoria. She has a special interest in Renaissance and
Metaphysical Literature. She is assisting Dr. Jenstad with the MoEML Mayoral Shows
anthology as part of the Undergraduate Student Research Award program.
Janelle Jenstad
Janelle Jenstad is a Professor of English at the University of
Victoria, Director of The Map
of Early Modern London, and Director of Linked Early Modern Drama
Online. With Jennifer Roberts-Smith and Mark Kaethler, she
co-edited Shakespeare’s Language in Digital Media: Old
Words, New Tools (Routledge). She has edited John Stow’s
A Survey of London (1598 text) for MoEML
and is currently editing The Merchant of Venice
(with Stephen Wittek) and Heywood’s 2 If You Know Not
Me You Know Nobody for DRE. Her articles have appeared in
Digital Humanities Quarterly, Elizabethan Theatre, Early Modern
Literary Studies, Shakespeare
Bulletin, Renaissance and
Reformation, and The Journal of Medieval
and Early Modern Studies. She contributed chapters to Approaches to Teaching Othello (MLA); Teaching Early Modern Literature from the Archives
(MLA); Institutional Culture in Early Modern
England (Brill); Shakespeare, Language, and
the Stage (Arden); Performing Maternity in
Early Modern England (Ashgate); New
Directions in the Geohumanities (Routledge); Early Modern Studies and the Digital Turn (Iter);
Placing Names: Enriching and Integrating
Gazetteers (Indiana); Making Things and
Drawing Boundaries (Minnesota); Rethinking
Shakespeare Source Study: Audiences, Authors, and Digital
Technologies (Routledge); and Civic
Performance: Pageantry and Entertainments in Early Modern
London (Routledge). For more details, see janellejenstad.com.
Joey Takeda
Joey Takeda is LEMDO’s Consulting Programmer and Designer, a role he
assumed in 2020 after three years as the Lead Developer on
LEMDO.
Kate LeBere
Project Manager, 2020–2021. Assistant Project Manager, 2019–2020. Textual Remediator
and Encoder, 2019–2021. Kate LeBere completed her BA (Hons.) in History and English
at the University of Victoria in 2020. During her degree she published papers in The Corvette (2018), The Albatross (2019), and PLVS VLTRA (2020) and presented at the English Undergraduate Conference (2019), Qualicum History
Conference (2020), and the Digital Humanities Summer Institute’s Project Management
in the Humanities Conference (2021). While her primary research focus was sixteenth
and seventeenth century England, she completed her honours thesis on Soviet ballet
during the Russian Cultural Revolution. She is currently a student at the University
of British Columbia’s iSchool, working on her masters in library and information science.
Martin Holmes
Martin Holmes has worked as a developer in the
UVicʼs Humanities Computing and Media Centre for
over two decades, and has been involved with dozens
of Digital Humanities projects. He has served on
the TEI Technical Council and as Managing Editor of
the Journal of the TEI. He took over from Joey Takeda as
lead developer on LEMDO in 2020. He is a collaborator on
the SSHRC Partnership Grant led by Janelle Jenstad.
Navarra Houldin
Project manager 2022–present. Textual remediator 2021–present. Navarra Houldin (they/them)
completed their BA in History and Spanish at the University of Victoria in 2022. During
their degree, they worked as a teaching assistant with the University of Victoriaʼs
Department of Hispanic and Italian Studies. Their primary research was on gender and
sexuality in early modern Europe and Latin America.
Nicole Vatcher
Technical Documentation Writer, 2020–2022. Nicole Vatcher completed her BA (Hons.)
in English at the University of Victoria in 2021. Her primary research focus was womenʼs
writing in the modernist period.
Tracey El Hajj
Junior Programmer 2019–2020. Research Associate 2020–2021. Tracey received her PhD
from the Department of English at the University of Victoria in the field of Science
and Technology Studies. Her research focuses on the algorhythmics of networked communications. She was a 2019–2020 President’s Fellow in Research-Enriched
Teaching at UVic, where she taught an advanced course on Artificial Intelligence and Everyday Life. Tracey was also a member of the Map of Early Modern London team, between 2018 and 2021. Between 2020 and 2021, she was a fellow in residence
at the Praxis Studio for Comparative Media Studies, where she investigated the relationships
between artificial intelligence, creativity, health, and justice. As of July 2021,
Tracey has moved into the alt-ac world for a term position, while also teaching in
the English Department at the University of Victoria.
Orgography
LEMDO Team (LEMD1)
The LEMDO Team is based at the University of Victoria and normally comprises the project
director, the lead developer, project manager, junior developers(s), remediators,
encoders, and remediating editors.
Metadata
Authority title
Keyboard Shortcuts and Special Characters
Type of text
Documentation
Short title
Publisher
University of Victoria on the Linked Early Modern Drama Online Platform
Released with Linked Early Modern Drama Online 1.0
Encoding description
Encoded in TEI P5 according to the LEMDO Customization and Encoding Guidelines
Document status
prgGenerated
Funder(s)
Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada
License/availability
This file is licensed under a CC BY-NC_ND 4.0 license, which means that it is freely
downloadable without permission under the following conditions: (1) credit must be
given to the author and LEMDO in any subsequent use of the files and/or data; (2)
the content cannot be adapted or repurposed (except in quotations for the purposes
of academic review and citation); and (3) commercial uses are not permitted without
the knowledge and consent of the editor and LEMDO. This license allows for pedagogical
use of the documentation in the classroom.