Typographical Glyphs Taxonomy

While LEMDO no longer encourages anthologies to tag glyphs and ligatures in their semi-diplomatic transcriptions, older LEMDO editions tagged glyphs using the values documented on this page. To learn about LEMDO’s current practices for encoding glyphs, see Encode Glyphs and Ligatures in Semi-Diplomatic Transcriptions.

Typographical Glyph Values

@xml:id Glyph name Mappings Note
g_UNKNOWN Unknown
standard: �
unicode: U+FFFD
This indicates something that needs investigation by an editor, and a better encoding solution. It is a temporary option.
g_caret Caret
modern: ^
standard: ^
unicode: U+2038
g_doubleHyphen Double Oblique Hyphen
modern: -
standard: ⸗
unicode: U+2E17
g_amacron Latin Small Letter a with Macron
modern: a[nm]
standard: ā
iml: {_a}
unicode: U+0101
The expansion of this glyph depends on its context; in most cases it involves the addition of a nasal, but each case must be handled manually. See also Latin Small Letter “a” with Tilde.
g_emacron Latin Small Letter e with Macron
modern: e[nm]
standard: ē
iml: {_e}
unicode: U+0113
The expansion of this glyph depends on its context; in most cases it involves the addition of a nasal, but each case must be handled manually. See also Latin Small Letter “e” with Tilde.
g_imacron Latin Small Letter i with Macron
modern: i[nm]
standard: ī
iml: {_i}
unicode: U+012B
The expansion of this glyph depends on its context; in most cases it involves the addition of a nasal, but each case must be handled manually. See also Latin Small Letter “i” with Tilde.
g_mmacron Latin Small Letter m with Macron
modern: m[nm]
standard: m̄
iml:
The expansion of this glyph depends on its context; in most cases it involves the addition of a nasal, but each case must be handled manually. See also Latin Small Letter “o” with Tilde.
g_nmacron Latin Small Letter n with Macron
modern: n[nm]
standard: n̄
iml:
The expansion of this glyph depends on its context; in most cases it involves the addition of a nasal, but each case must be handled manually. See also Latin Small Letter “o” with Tilde.
g_omacron Latin Small Letter o with Macron
modern: o[nm]
standard: ō
iml: {_o}
unicode: U+014D
The expansion of this glyph depends on its context; in most cases it involves the addition of a nasal, but each case must be handled manually. See also Latin Small Letter “o” with Tilde.
g_umacron Latin Small Letter u with Macron
modern: u[nm]
standard: ū
iml: {_u}
unicode: U+016B
The expansion of this glyph depends on its context; in most cases it involves the addition of a nasal, but each case must be handled manually. See also Latin Small Letter “u” with Tilde.
g_wmacron Latin Small Letter w with Macron
modern: w[nm]
standard: w̄
iml: {_w}
unicode: w U+0304
g_ymacron Latin Small Letter y with Macron
modern: y[nm]
standard: ȳ
iml: {_y}
unicode: U+0233
The expansion of this glyph depends on its context; in most cases it involves the addition of a nasal, but each case must be handled manually.
g_e Combining Latin Small Letter e
modern: e
standard: e
unicode: U+0364
Usually in combination with y, and the ye combination will need to be tagged with choice, abbr, and expan to expand the y into th.
g_u Combining Latin Small Letter u
modern: u
standard: u
unicode: U+0367
Usually in combination with y, and the yu combination will need to be tagged with choice, abbr, and expan to expand the y into th. The editor will need to determine if the word should be expanded to thou or you.
g_t Combining Latin Small Letter t
modern: t
standard: t
unicode: U+036D
Usually in combination with y, and the yt combination will need to be tagged with choice, abbr, and expan to expand the y into th.
g_atilde Latin Small Letter a with Tilde
modern: a[nm]
standard: ã
iml: {~a}
unicode: U+00E3
The expansion of this glyph depends on its context; in most cases it involves the addition of a nasal, but each case must be handled manually. See also Latin Small Letter a With Macron.
g_etilde Latin Small Letter e with Tilde
modern: e[nm]
standard: ẽ
iml: {~e}
unicode: U+1EBD
The expansion of this glyph depends on its context; in most cases it involves the addition of a nasal, but each case must be handled manually. See also Latin Small Letter e With Macron.
g_itilde Latin Small Letter i with Tilde
modern: i[nm]
standard: ĩ
iml: {~i}
unicode: U+0129
The expansion of this glyph depends on its context; in most cases it involves the addition of a nasal, but each case must be handled manually. See also Latin Small Letter i with Macron.
g_ocircumflex Latin Small Letter o with Circumflex
modern: o
standard: ô
unicode: U+00D4
g_otilde Latin Small Letter o with Tilde
modern: o[nm]
standard: õ
iml: {~o}
unicode: U+00F5
The expansion of this glyph depends on its context; in most cases it involves the addition of a nasal, but each case must be handled manually. See also Latin Small Letter o with Macron.
p_macron Latin small letter p with macron
modern: p̄
standard: p̄
unicode: U+0070U+0304
g_utilde Latin Small Letter u with Tilde
modern: u[nm]
standard: ũ
iml: {~u}
unicode: U+0169
The expansion of this glyph depends on its context; in most cases it involves the addition of a nasal, but each case must be handled manually. See also Latin Small Letter u with Macron.
g_ntilde Latin Small Letter n with Tilde
modern: ñ
standard: ñ
iml: {~n}
unicode: U+00F1
g_udiaeresis Latin Small Letter u with Diaeresis
modern: u
standard: ü
unicode: U+00FC
g_longS Latin Small Letter Long s
modern: s
standard: ſ
iml: {s}
unicode: U+017F
g_thorn Latin Capital Letter Thorn
modern: th
standard: þ
iml: {th}
unicode: U+00FE
g_wynn Latin Letter Wynn
modern: w
standard: ƿ
unicode: U+01BF
g_eth Latin Small Letter Eth
modern: th
standard: ð
unicode: U+00F0
g_vv Lowercase Double v for w
modern: w
standard: w
typeset: vv
iml: {vv}
iml: {w}
g_VV Uppercase Double V for W
modern: W
standard: W
typeset: VV
iml: {VV}
iml: {W}
g_rotunda Latin Small Letter r Rotunda
modern: r
standard: ꝛ
iml: {r}
unicode: U+A75A
g_zeroWidthSpace Zero Width Space
modern:
standard: ​​
iml: {#}
unicode: U+200B
g_cutp Latin Small Letter p with Stroke Through Descender
modern: ꝑ
standard: ꝑ
unicode: U+A751
g_cutP Latin Capital Letter P with Stroke Through Descender
modern: Ꝑ
standard: Ꝑ
unicode: U+A750
g_que Latin Small Letter et, meaning que
modern: ꝫ
standard: ꝫ
unicode: U+A76B
g_con Latin Small Letter Con
modern: con
standard: ꝯ
unicode: U+A76F
g_us Modifier Small Letter us Superscripted
modern: us
standard: ꝰ
unicode: U+A770
g_us_Eng Modifier Letter us in English MS Not Superscript
modern: us
standard: Ꝯ
unicode: U+A76E
g_ye Modifier y Small e Above
modern: ye
standard: ye
g_yt Modifier y Small t Above
modern: yt
standard: yt

Prosopography

Illya

Illya has a BA in English and Sociocultural Anthropology and an MA in English. Prior to joining the HCMC, he was a PhD candidate in English and Book History at the University of Toronto and worked on Records of Early English Drama and on the Modernist Archives Publishing Project. His work at the HCMC focuses on creating web-based applications for research projects led by members of the faculty of Humanities at the University of Victoria. This involves creating schemas for new and existing datasets, writing XSLT and build files to transform datasets into structured TEI and HTML formats, implementing staticSearch, and ensuring that new projects are Endings Principles compliant.

Janelle Jenstad

Janelle Jenstad is a Professor of English at the University of Victoria, Director of The Map of Early Modern London, and Director of Linked Early Modern Drama Online. With Jennifer Roberts-Smith and Mark Beatrice Kaethler, she co-edited Shakespeare’s Language in Digital Media: Old Words, New Tools (Routledge). She has edited John Stow’s A Survey of London (1598 text) for MoEML and is currently editing The Merchant of Venice (with Stephen Wittek) and Heywood’s 2 If You Know Not Me You Know Nobody for DRE. Her articles have appeared in Digital Humanities Quarterly, Elizabethan Theatre, Early Modern Literary Studies, Shakespeare Bulletin, Renaissance and Reformation, and The Journal of Medieval and Early Modern Studies. She contributed chapters to Approaches to Teaching Othello (MLA); Teaching Early Modern Literature from the Archives (MLA); Institutional Culture in Early Modern England (Brill); Shakespeare, Language, and the Stage (Arden); Performing Maternity in Early Modern England (Ashgate); New Directions in the Geohumanities (Routledge); Early Modern Studies and the Digital Turn (Iter); Placing Names: Enriching and Integrating Gazetteers (Indiana); Making Things and Drawing Boundaries (Minnesota); Rethinking Shakespeare Source Study: Audiences, Authors, and Digital Technologies (Routledge); and Civic Performance: Pageantry and Entertainments in Early Modern London (Routledge). For more details, see janellejenstad.com.

Joey Takeda

Joey Takeda is LEMDO’s Consulting Programmer and Designer, a role he assumed in 2020 after three years as the Lead Developer on LEMDO.

Mahayla Galliford

Project manager, 2025-present; research assistant, 2021-present. Mahayla Galliford (she/her) graduated with a BA (Hons with distinction) from the University of Victoria in 2024. Mahayla’s undergraduate research explored early modern stage directions and civic water pageantry. Mahayla continues her studies through UVic’s English MA program and her SSHRC-funded thesis project focuses on editing and encoding girls’ manuscripts, specifically Lady Rachel Fane’s dramatic entertainments, in collaboration with LEMDO.

Martin Holmes

Martin Holmes has worked as a developer in the UVic’s Humanities Computing and Media Centre for over two decades, and has been involved with dozens of Digital Humanities projects. He has served on the TEI Technical Council and as Managing Editor of the Journal of the TEI. He took over from Joey Takeda as lead developer on LEMDO in 2020. He is a collaborator on the SSHRC Partnership Grant led by Janelle Jenstad.

Navarra Houldin

Training and Documentation Lead 2025–present. LEMDO project manager 2022–2025. Textual remediator 2021–present. Navarra Houldin (they/them) completed their BA with a major in history and minor in Spanish at the University of Victoria in 2022. Their primary research was on gender and sexuality in early modern Europe and Latin America. They are continuing their education through an MA program in Gender and Social Justice Studies at the University of Alberta where they will specialize in Digital Humanities.

Samuel Seaberg

Samuel Seaberg, a University of Victoria English undergrad, enjoys riding his bike. During the summer of 2025, he began working with LEMDO as a recipient of the Valerie Kuehne Undergraduate Research Award (VKURA). Unfortunately, due to his summer being spent primarily in working to establish an edition of Thomas Heywood’s If You Know Not Me, You Know Nobody, Part 2 and consequently working out how to represent multi-text works in a digital space, his bike has suffered severely of sheltered seclusion from the sun. Note: Samuel now works for LEMDO as the Assistant Project Manager, much to his bike’s chagrin.

Tracey El Hajj

Junior Programmer 2019–2020. Research Associate 2020–2021. Tracey received her PhD from the Department of English at the University of Victoria in the field of Science and Technology Studies. Her research focuses on the algorhythmics of networked communications. She was a 2019–2020 President’s Fellow in Research-Enriched Teaching at UVic, where she taught an advanced course on Artificial Intelligence and Everyday Life. Tracey was also a member of the Map of Early Modern London team, between 2018 and 2021. Between 2020 and 2021, she was a fellow in residence at the Praxis Studio for Comparative Media Studies, where she investigated the relationships between artificial intelligence, creativity, health, and justice. As of July 2021, Tracey has moved into the alt-ac world for a term position, while also teaching in the English Department at the University of Victoria.

Orgography

LEMDO Team (LEMD1)

The LEMDO Team is based at the University of Victoria and normally comprises the project director, the lead developer, project manager, junior developers(s), remediators, encoders, and remediating editors.

Metadata