Introduction to Bibliographies and Citations

Rationale

This chapter covers how to format, encode, and cite sources.
LEMDO maintains centralized databases of sources. In general, we will add your sources to those centralized databases and then you can include them in your edition or anthology using the xml:id that LEMDO assigns to the source. In the linked data environment in which we work, we generally want to create single entities to which we can all point. The advantage is that any corrections we make will proliferate across all anthologies. For example, if a DOI becomes available or a link changes, we will change it in the centralized database.
LEMDO offers full guidelines for how to format and encode items (entities) for addition to the various project databases so that the entities can then be cited in documentation, editions, and anthologies. For the format of bibliography entries and citations thereof, LEMDO uses our own modified version of the eighth edition of the MLA Handbook (MLA 8), with reference to the 17th edition of The Chicago Manual of Style (CMOS 17) where MLA 8 is silent.

Prior Reading

You will want to have a general understanding of how our centralized databases work. See Introduction to Sitewide Data Files. Note that you are not responsible for adding things to our centralized databases. We will do that work for you and assign an xml:id to each item.

Practice

The things that you might want to cite in an edition go into different LEMDO centralized databases (or, in one case, into your edition only), depending on what type of source they are.
Source LEMDO Destination Likely Edition Use
Early publications that bear witness to the work you are editing (i.e., a unique entry in the STC or Wing) Sitewide bibliography: BIBL1.xml Witness list in your collation; textual introduction; textual notes
Copies of early publications n/a (you will list these in your own <listWit> ) Collation of press variants (optional)
Primary sources Sitewide bibliography: BIBL1.xml General introduction; commentary notes in the annotations
Secondary sources Sitewide bibliography: BIBL1.xml Critical survey; general introduction; commentary, performance, and textual notes in the annotations
Productions Sitewide production database: PROD1.xml Stage history essay; performance notes in the annotations
Critical editions (as opposed to early publications) These are temporarily included in BIBL1 but will be moved to the Bibliography of Editions of Early English Drama database (BEEED) (BEED1.xml). Collation; textual notes

Prosopography

Isabella Seales

Isabella Seales is a fourth year undergraduate completing her Bachelor of Arts in English at the University of Victoria. She has a special interest in Renaissance and Metaphysical Literature. She is assisting Dr. Jenstad with the MoEML Mayoral Shows anthology as part of the Undergraduate Student Research Award program.

Janelle Jenstad

Janelle Jenstad is a Professor of English at the University of Victoria, Director of The Map of Early Modern London, and Director of Linked Early Modern Drama Online. With Jennifer Roberts-Smith and Mark Kaethler, she co-edited Shakespeare’s Language in Digital Media: Old Words, New Tools (Routledge). She has edited John Stow’s A Survey of London (1598 text) for MoEML and is currently editing The Merchant of Venice (with Stephen Wittek) and Heywood’s 2 If You Know Not Me You Know Nobody for DRE. Her articles have appeared in Digital Humanities Quarterly, Elizabethan Theatre, Early Modern Literary Studies, Shakespeare Bulletin, Renaissance and Reformation, and The Journal of Medieval and Early Modern Studies. She contributed chapters to Approaches to Teaching Othello (MLA); Teaching Early Modern Literature from the Archives (MLA); Institutional Culture in Early Modern England (Brill); Shakespeare, Language, and the Stage (Arden); Performing Maternity in Early Modern England (Ashgate); New Directions in the Geohumanities (Routledge); Early Modern Studies and the Digital Turn (Iter); Placing Names: Enriching and Integrating Gazetteers (Indiana); Making Things and Drawing Boundaries (Minnesota); Rethinking Shakespeare Source Study: Audiences, Authors, and Digital Technologies (Routledge); and Civic Performance: Pageantry and Entertainments in Early Modern London (Routledge). For more details, see janellejenstad.com.

Joey Takeda

Joey Takeda is LEMDO’s Consulting Programmer and Designer, a role he assumed in 2020 after three years as the Lead Developer on LEMDO.

Martin Holmes

Martin Holmes has worked as a developer in the UVicʼs Humanities Computing and Media Centre for over two decades, and has been involved with dozens of Digital Humanities projects. He has served on the TEI Technical Council and as Managing Editor of the Journal of the TEI. He took over from Joey Takeda as lead developer on LEMDO in 2020. He is a collaborator on the SSHRC Partnership Grant led by Janelle Jenstad.

Navarra Houldin

Project manager 2022–present. Textual remediator 2021–present. Navarra Houldin (they/them) completed their BA in History and Spanish at the University of Victoria in 2022. During their degree, they worked as a teaching assistant with the University of Victoriaʼs Department of Hispanic and Italian Studies. Their primary research was on gender and sexuality in early modern Europe and Latin America.

Rylyn Christensen

Rylyn Christensen is an English major at the University of Victoria.

Tracey El Hajj

Junior Programmer 2019–2020. Research Associate 2020–2021. Tracey received her PhD from the Department of English at the University of Victoria in the field of Science and Technology Studies. Her research focuses on the algorhythmics of networked communications. She was a 2019–2020 President’s Fellow in Research-Enriched Teaching at UVic, where she taught an advanced course on Artificial Intelligence and Everyday Life. Tracey was also a member of the Map of Early Modern London team, between 2018 and 2021. Between 2020 and 2021, she was a fellow in residence at the Praxis Studio for Comparative Media Studies, where she investigated the relationships between artificial intelligence, creativity, health, and justice. As of July 2021, Tracey has moved into the alt-ac world for a term position, while also teaching in the English Department at the University of Victoria.

Orgography

LEMDO Team (LEMD1)

The LEMDO Team is based at the University of Victoria and normally comprises the project director, the lead developer, project manager, junior developers(s), remediators, encoders, and remediating editors.

Glossary

xml:id
“A unique value that we use to tag an entity. Strictly speaking, @xml:id is an attribute that can be added to any XML element. We use it as a shorthand for “value of the xml:id”. Every person, role, glyph, ligature, bibliographical entry, act, scene, speech, paragraph, page beginning, XML file, division within XML files, and anchor has a unique xml:id value, some of which are assigned automatically during the processing of our XML files.”

Metadata