Encode Bibliography

Encoding Enumerative Bibliographic Entries

BIBL1 is LEMDOʼs project-wide bibliography. All sources used in anthologies and editions are added to BIBL1.
Within each bibliographic entry in BIBL1, we tag certain types of data to facilitate limited searching and ordering. Finally, we add some additional information to make it possible to link our bibliographic entries to databases like the World Shakespeare Bibliography.
Once all information is in the correct order and is punctuated and capitalized according to Prepare Your Edition Bibliography, you can add your source.

Workflow

Wrap the text node of each entry in the <bibl> element.
Add an xml:id to the <bibl> element. The xml:id must be new and unique to the entire LEMDO project. Ctrl+F the A–Z Index text file on the lemdo-dev site (available from the Resources menu) to find the next unused ID.
Tag all authors with the <author> element.
Tag all editors with the <editor> element.
Tag all translators with the <editor> element, @role attribute, and "translator" value.
Tag all titles with the <title> element, @level attribute, and the appropriate value ("m" for monographs and monograph-length things, "a" for articles and article-like things, "j" for journal and newspaper titles, and "s" for series titles).
Tag all city/states of publication with the <pubPlace> element.
Tag all publishers/publishing companies with the <publisher> element.
Tag all dates with the <date> element.

Practice: Encode Author Names

Tag authors using the <author> element. If there are two or more authors, tag each author with a separate <author> element.
Do not include punctuation between the tags (i.e., in the text node) unless it is part of the author’s name. The period after an initial is part of the author’s name. Compare these two examples:
<bibl>
  <author>Bradley, A.C.</author>
  <!-- Entry continues -->
</bibl>
<bibl>
  <author>Loomba, Ania</author>. <!-- Entry continues --></bibl>
Tag two authors as follows, adding a comma before and:
<bibl>
  <author>Hope, Jonathan</author>, and <author>Laura Wright</author>. <!-- Entry continues --></bibl>
Tag three or more authors as follows:
<bibl>
  <author>Wells, Stanley</author>, <author>Gary Taylor</author>, <author>John Jowett</author>, and <author>William Montgomery</author>. <!-- Entry continues --></bibl>

Practice: Encode Editor Names in Critical Collections

Tag two editors as follows, tagging each editor’s name with a separate <editor> element::
<bibl>
  <editor>Dodsley, Robert</editor>, and <editor>Isaac Reed</editor>, eds. <!-- Entry continues --></bibl>
<bibl>
  <author>Challinor, Jennie</author>. <title level="a">Jonson’s Ghost and the Restoration Stage</title>. <title level="m">Ben Jonson and Posterity: Reception, Reputation, Legacy</title>. Ed. <editor>Martin Butler</editor> and <editor>Jane Rickard</editor>. <!-- Entry continues --></bibl>
Tag three editors as follows:
<bibl>
  <editor>Taylor, Gary</editor>, and <editor>Gabriel Egan</editor>, eds. <title level="m">The New Oxford Shakespeare: Authorship Companion</title>. <pubPlace>Oxford</pubPlace>: <publisher>Oxford University Press</publisher>, <date>2017</date>.</bibl>
<bibl>
  <editor>Taylor, Gary</editor>, <editor>John Jowett</editor>, <editor>Terri Bourus</editor>, and <editor>Gabriel Egan</editor>, eds. <title level="m">The New Oxford Shakespeare</title>. <!-- Entry continues --></bibl>

Practice: Encode Edited Editions of Individual Works

Editions of primary texts will usually have two entries in BIBL1, one listing the editor first so that we can cite the editorial paratexts, apparatus, and notes, and one listing the author first so that we can cite the text. Tag editors using the <editor> element. If one entry already has an @xml:id value, feel free to provide it. Otherwise, omit the xml:ids and we will create them for you. When we add your entries to BIBL1, we link the two entries using the @corresp attribute on both <bibl> elements. Prefix the value of @corresp with "bibl:", then add the xml:id of the other entry as follows:
<bibl xml:id="GOSS4" corresp="bibl:SHAK67">
  <editor>Gossett, Suzanne</editor>, ed. <title level="m">Pericles</title>, by <author>William Shakespeare</author>. <!-- Entry continues --></bibl>
<bibl xml:id="SHAK67" corresp="bibl:GOSS4">
  <author>Shakespeare, William</author>. <title level="m">Pericles</title>. Ed. <editor>Suzanne Gossett</editor>. <!-- Entry continues --></bibl>
For more examples, see Example: Edited Editions.

Practice: Encode Translator Names

Tag translators using the <editor> element, @role attribute, and "translator" value. If there are two or more translators, tag each translator with a separate <editor> element:
<bibl>
  <editor role="translator">Lloyd, Janet</editor>, trans. <!-- Entry continues --></bibl>
<bibl><!-- Entry begins --> Trans. <editor role="translator">Janet Lloyd</editor>. <!-- Entry continues. --></bibl>
Tag two or more translators as follows:
<bibl><!-- Entry begins --> Trans. <editor role="translator">John Black</editor> and <editor role="translator">A.J.W. Morrison</editor>. <!-- Entry continues --></bibl>

Practice: Encode Titles

Tag titles using the <title> element. Use the @level attribute to indicate what kind of work it is.
There are currently five different values allowed by LEMDO’s schema:
"a" (analytic): the title applies to an analytic item, such as an article, poem, or other work published as part of a larger item.
"j" (journal): the title applies to any serial or periodical publication such as a journal, magazine, or newspaper.
"m" (monographic): the title applies to a monograph such as a book or other item considered to be a distinct publication, including single volumes of multivolume works.
"s" (series): the title applies to a series of otherwise distinct publications such as a collection.
"u" (unpublished): the title applies to any unpublished material (including these and dissertations unless published by a commercial press.)
Do not include punctuation inside the element unless it is part of the title:
<bibl><!-- Entry begins -->
  <title level="m">Shakespeare, Race, and Colonialism</title>. <!-- Entry continues --></bibl>
<bibl><!-- Entry begins -->
  <title level="m">Eastward Ho!</title>
  <!-- Entry continues -->
</bibl>
Note that in TEI, we can nest <title> elements within <title> elements. Do not worry about the rendering:
<bibl><!-- Entry begins -->
  <title level="m">Women in <title level="m">Othello</title>
  </title>
  <!-- Entry continues -->
</bibl>

Practice: Encode Place of Publication

Tag the place of publication using the <pubPlace> element. There is no need to identify the specific place using attributes. Type a colon and a single space after the place of publication:
<bibl><!-- Entry begins -->
  <pubPlace>Cambridge, MA</pubPlace>: <!-- Entry continues --></bibl>

Practice: Encode Publisher

Tag the publisher using the <publisher> element. Type a comma and a single space after the publisher:
<bibl><!-- Entry begins -->
  <publisher>Harvard University Press</publisher>, <!-- Entry continues --></bibl>
Make sure to give the printer’s name for early printed books if known. TEI lacks a way of distinguishing printers, publishers, and booksellers. Use the <publisher> element for all stationers listed in the imprint line:
<bibl><!-- Entry begins -->
  <publisher>Elizabeth Allde</publisher>, <!-- Entry continues --></bibl>
For nineteenth century books, the name of the publisher/printer is not necessary. If you know it, feel free to include it. In many cases, it is hard to determine the publisher/printer. Place of publication and date will suffice.

Practice: Encode Publication Date

Tag the date of publication (as given in the imprint line) using the <date> element. Type a period after the closing </date> tag. Add a single space if more information is to follow:
<bibl><!-- Entry begins -->
  <date>1930</date>. <!-- Entry continues --></bibl>

Practice: Link to Authorites and Surrogates

At the end of each bibliography entry it is helpful to add links to authorities and surrogates if they are available. To do this, we use the <idno> element. For a full explanation of the types of links that can be added to bibliography entries, see Links to Authority IDs.
Note that <idno> elements go at the end of bibliographic entries. Sources can have multiple <idno> elements:
<bibl>
  <author>Anonymous</author>. <title level="m">The Second Tome of Homilies</title>. <pubPlace>London</pubPlace>: <publisher>Richard Jugge</publisher>, <date>1563</date>. STC <idno type="STC">13666.7</idno>. ESTC <idno type="ESTC">S125416</idno>.</bibl>
<bibl xml:id="BROW4">
  <author>Brownlow, F.W.</author>
  <title level="a">John Shakespeare’s Recusancy: New Light on an Old Document</title>. <title level="j">Shakespeare Quarterly</title> 40.2 (<date>1989</date>): 186-191. WSB <idno type="WSB">bf1173</idno>. DOI <idno type="DOI">10.2307/2870819</idno>.</bibl>

Practice: Link to Open Access Publications

Links to online Open Access (OA) publications—such as OA journals (Early Theatre, Scene, EMLS) and OA projects (Map of Early Modern London)—are encouraged. These links are tagged with the <idno> element and @type attribute with the value "URI":
<bibl>
  <author>More, Thomas</author>. <title level="m">The History of King Richard the Third</title>. Ed. <editor>Gerard B. Wegemer</editor> and <editor>Travis Curtright</editor>. <idno type="URI">http://medieval.ucdavis.edu/YORK.DURHAM/Richard.III.html</idno>.</bibl>

Prosopography

Isabella Seales

Isabella Seales is a fourth year undergraduate completing her Bachelor of Arts in English at the University of Victoria. She has a special interest in Renaissance and Metaphysical Literature. She is assisting Dr. Jenstad with the MoEML Mayoral Shows anthology as part of the Undergraduate Student Research Award program.

Janelle Jenstad

Janelle Jenstad is a Professor of English at the University of Victoria, Director of The Map of Early Modern London, and Director of Linked Early Modern Drama Online. With Jennifer Roberts-Smith and Mark Kaethler, she co-edited Shakespeare’s Language in Digital Media: Old Words, New Tools (Routledge). She has edited John Stow’s A Survey of London (1598 text) for MoEML and is currently editing The Merchant of Venice (with Stephen Wittek) and Heywood’s 2 If You Know Not Me You Know Nobody for DRE. Her articles have appeared in Digital Humanities Quarterly, Elizabethan Theatre, Early Modern Literary Studies, Shakespeare Bulletin, Renaissance and Reformation, and The Journal of Medieval and Early Modern Studies. She contributed chapters to Approaches to Teaching Othello (MLA); Teaching Early Modern Literature from the Archives (MLA); Institutional Culture in Early Modern England (Brill); Shakespeare, Language, and the Stage (Arden); Performing Maternity in Early Modern England (Ashgate); New Directions in the Geohumanities (Routledge); Early Modern Studies and the Digital Turn (Iter); Placing Names: Enriching and Integrating Gazetteers (Indiana); Making Things and Drawing Boundaries (Minnesota); Rethinking Shakespeare Source Study: Audiences, Authors, and Digital Technologies (Routledge); and Civic Performance: Pageantry and Entertainments in Early Modern London (Routledge). For more details, see janellejenstad.com.

Joey Takeda

Joey Takeda is LEMDO’s Consulting Programmer and Designer, a role he assumed in 2020 after three years as the Lead Developer on LEMDO.

Kate LeBere

Project Manager, 2020–2021. Assistant Project Manager, 2019–2020. Textual Remediator and Encoder, 2019–2021. Kate LeBere completed her BA (Hons.) in History and English at the University of Victoria in 2020. During her degree she published papers in The Corvette (2018), The Albatross (2019), and PLVS VLTRA (2020) and presented at the English Undergraduate Conference (2019), Qualicum History Conference (2020), and the Digital Humanities Summer Institute’s Project Management in the Humanities Conference (2021). While her primary research focus was sixteenth and seventeenth century England, she completed her honours thesis on Soviet ballet during the Russian Cultural Revolution. She is currently a student at the University of British Columbia’s iSchool, working on her masters in library and information science.

Martin Holmes

Martin Holmes has worked as a developer in the UVicʼs Humanities Computing and Media Centre for over two decades, and has been involved with dozens of Digital Humanities projects. He has served on the TEI Technical Council and as Managing Editor of the Journal of the TEI. He took over from Joey Takeda as lead developer on LEMDO in 2020. He is a collaborator on the SSHRC Partnership Grant led by Janelle Jenstad.

Navarra Houldin

Project manager 2022–present. Textual remediator 2021–present. Navarra Houldin (they/them) completed their BA in History and Spanish at the University of Victoria in 2022. During their degree, they worked as a teaching assistant with the University of Victoriaʼs Department of Hispanic and Italian Studies. Their primary research was on gender and sexuality in early modern Europe and Latin America.

Rylyn Christensen

Rylyn Christensen is an English major at the University of Victoria.

Tracey El Hajj

Junior Programmer 2019–2020. Research Associate 2020–2021. Tracey received her PhD from the Department of English at the University of Victoria in the field of Science and Technology Studies. Her research focuses on the algorhythmics of networked communications. She was a 2019–2020 President’s Fellow in Research-Enriched Teaching at UVic, where she taught an advanced course on Artificial Intelligence and Everyday Life. Tracey was also a member of the Map of Early Modern London team, between 2018 and 2021. Between 2020 and 2021, she was a fellow in residence at the Praxis Studio for Comparative Media Studies, where she investigated the relationships between artificial intelligence, creativity, health, and justice. As of July 2021, Tracey has moved into the alt-ac world for a term position, while also teaching in the English Department at the University of Victoria.

Bibliography

Gossett, Suzanne, ed. Pericles. Arden Shakespeare, Third Series. London: Thomson, 2004.
Shakespeare, William. Pericles. Ed. Suzanne Gossett. Arden Shakespeare, Third Series. London: Thomson, 2004.

Orgography

LEMDO Team (LEMD1)

The LEMDO Team is based at the University of Victoria and normally comprises the project director, the lead developer, project manager, junior developers(s), remediators, encoders, and remediating editors.

Metadata

Authority title Encode Bibliography
Type of text Documentation
Short title
Publisher University of Victoria on the Linked Early Modern Drama Online Platform
Series Linked Early Modern Drama Online
Source
TEI Customization created by Martin Holmes, Joey Takeda, and Janelle Jenstad; documentation written by members of the LEMDO Team
Editorial declaration n/a
Edition Released with Linked Early Modern Drama Online 1.0
Encoding description Encoded in TEI P5 according to the LEMDO Customization and Encoding Guidelines
Document status prgGenerated
Funder(s) Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada
License/availability This file is licensed under a CC BY-NC_ND 4.0 license, which means that it is freely downloadable without permission under the following conditions: (1) credit must be given to the author and LEMDO in any subsequent use of the files and/or data; (2) the content cannot be adapted or repurposed (except in quotations for the purposes of academic review and citation); and (3) commercial uses are not permitted without the knowledge and consent of the editor and LEMDO. This license allows for pedagogical use of the documentation in the classroom.