LEMDO: Encoded Bibliography Entry Examples

Encoded Bibliography Entry Examples

Prior Reading

This documentation presupposes that you are familiar with


                                          <div>

elements. Note that this file gives examples of fully encoded bibliography entries:

Encode Bibliography

This file gives examples of fully encoded bibliography entries. For examples of bibliography entry format without markup, see Examples of Bibliography Entry Formatting

Example: Edited Editions

The following examples are both for the same edition. The first entry is listed by the editor so that we can cite footnotes, apparatus texts, and paratexts. The second entry is listed by the author so that we can cite the text itself.

<listBibl>
  <bibl xml:id="RING1" corresp="bibl:SIDN7">
    <editor>Ringler, William A. Jr.</editor>
    <title level="m">The Poems of Sir Philip Sidney</title>. <pubPlace>Oxford</pubPlace>: <publisher>Clarendon Press</publisher>, <date>1962</date>.</bibl>



  <bibl xml:id="SIDN7" corresp="bibl:RING1">
    <author>Sidney, Philip</author>. <title level="m">The Poems of Sir Philip Sidney</title>. <editor>William A. Ringler, Jr.</editor>
    <pubPlace>Oxford</pubPlace>: <publisher>Clarendon Press</publisher>, <date>1962</date>.</bibl>
</listBibl>

Example: Similar Entries

The following examples are different entries with very similar information. To distinguish the two, we include a


                                       @corresp

attribute with a value of with "not:" on both or any similar


                                          <bibl>

elements.

<listBibl>
  <bibl xml:id="JONS32" corresp="not:JONS33">
    <author>Jonson, Ben</author>. <title level="m">The Cambridge Edition of The Works of Ben Jonson Volume 1 1597-1601</title>. Ed. <editor>David Bevington</editor>, <editor>Martin Butler</editor>, and <editor>Ian Dopnaldson</editor>. <pubPlace>Cambridge</pubPlace>: <publisher>Cambridge University Press</publisher>, <date>2012</date>.</bibl>



  <bibl xml:id="JONS33" corresp="not:JONS32">
    <author>Jonson, Ben</author>. <title level="m">The Cambridge Edition of The Works of Ben Jonson Volume 2 1601-1606</title>. Ed. <editor>David Bevington</editor>, <editor>Martin Butler</editor>, and <editor>Ian Donaldpson</editor>. <pubPlace>Cambridge</pubPlace>: <publisher>Cambridge University Press</publisher>, <date>2012</date>.</bibl>
</listBibl>

Example: Books

<bibl>
<author>Loomba, Ania</author>. <title level="m">Gender, Race, Renaissance Drama</title>. <pubPlace>Manchester</pubPlace> and <pubPlace>New York</pubPlace>: <publisher>Manchester University Press</publisher>, <date>1989</date>. WSB <idno type="WSB">af334</idno>.</bibl>

Example: Edited Collections

<bibl>
<editor>Alexander, Peter</editor>, ed. <title level="m">William Shakespeare: The Complete Works</title>. <pubPlace>London</pubPlace>: <publisher>Collins</publisher>, <date>1951</date>.</bibl>

Example: Edited and Translated Collections

<bibl>
<title level="m">Gesta Henrici Quinti</title>. Ed. and trans. <editor role="translator">Frank Taylor</editor> and <editor role="translator">John S. Roskell</editor>. <pubPlace>Oxford</pubPlace>: <publisher>Clarendon Press</publisher>, <date>1975</date>.</bibl>

Example: Chapter in Edited Collections

<bibl>
<author>Grandage, Sarah</author>, and <author>Julie Sanders</author>. <title level="a">Shakespeare at a Distance</title>. <title level="m">Shakespeare and the Digital World: Redefining Scholarship and Practice</title>. Ed. <editor>Christie Carson</editor> and <editor>Peter Kirwan</editor>. <pubPlace>Cambridge</pubPlace>: <publisher>Cambridge University Press</publisher>, <date>2014</date>. 75-86.</bibl>

Example: Specific Editions

<bibl>
<editor>Bevington, David</editor>, ed. <title level="m">The Complete Works of Shakespeare</title>. 4th ed. <pubPlace>New York</pubPlace>: <publisher>Longman</publisher>, <date>1997</date>.</bibl>

Example: Specific Series

<bibl>
<author>Hoppe, Harry R.</author>
<title level="a">John Wolfe, Printer and Publisher, 1579-1601</title>. <title level="s">The Library</title>. 4th series, 14 (<date>1933</date>): 241-288.</bibl>

Example: Journal Articles

<bibl>
<author>Hope, Jonathan</author>, and <author>Laura Wright</author>. <title level="a">Female Education in Shakespeare's Stratford and Stratfordian Contacts in Shakespeare's London</title>. <title level="j">Notes and Queries</title> 43.2 (<date>1996</date>): 149-150. DOI <idno type="DOI">10.1093/nq/43.2.149</idno>. WSB <idno type="WSB">b0367</idno>.</bibl>

Example: ODNB Articles

Note that the date is the date of the revision, not the date of first publication or the date of access.

<bibl>
  <author>Griffiths, R.A.</author>
  <title level="a">Henry VI (1421–1471), King of England and Lord of Ireland, and Duke of Aquitaine.</title>
  <title level="m">Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</title>. <publisher>Oxford University Press</publisher>, <date>2015-05-28</date>. DOI <idno type="DOI">10.1093/ref:odnb/12953</idno>.</bibl>

Example: Newspaper Articles

<bibl xml:id="WOLF2">
<author>Wolf, Matt</author>. <title level="a">Sly yet sweet Falstaff in <title level="m">Henry IV, 1</title> and <title level="m">2</title>
</title>. <title level="m">New York Times</title>. <date>11 May 2005</date>. Web.</bibl>

If the newspaper includes no author, format and tag as follows:

<bibl>
<title level="a">Covent-Garden Theatre</title>. <title level="j">The Times</title>. <date>11 April 1833</date>. 3.</bibl>

Example: Dissertations

<bibl>
<author>Cockett, Peter</author>. <title level="u">Incongruity, Humour and Early English Comic Figures: Armin’s Natural Fools, the Vice, and Tarlton the Clown</title>. <publisher>University of Toronto</publisher>. Doctorial dissertation, <date>2001</date>.</bibl>

<bibl>Demeter, Jason M. <title level="u">Civil Rights Shakespeares: Race, Education, and Nation in Postwar America</title>. George Washington University. Doctoral dissertation, 2015. WSB <idno type="WSB">bbbe2</idno>. See <title level="j">Dissertation Abstracts International</title> 7.75.</bibl>

Examples: Early Printed Books

Silently modernize the titles of early printed books by normalizing the usage of long s, u/v, i/j, vv/w, and VV/W. Retain other peculiarities of spelling, punctuation, and capitalization.

Replace long titles using the short title given in the STC. If no STC record exists for the book, consult the ESTC and use the short title provided in the ESTC entry. If you are still uncertain, confer with the LEMDO team (lemdo@uvic.ca). Ideally, include only the portion of the title that would be encoded as titlePart type="main" in a title page (see Encode Titles.

<bibl>
<author>Peele, George</author>. <title level="m">The Battel of Alcazar</title>. <pubPlace>London</pubPlace>: <publisher>Edward Allde</publisher>, <date>1594</date>. STC <idno type="STC">19531</idno>. ESTC <idno type="ESTC">S110337</idno>. DEEP <idno type="DEEP">195</idno>.</bibl>

Example: Early Dictionaries in LEME

<bibl>
<author>Thomas, Thomas</author>. <title level="m">Dictionarium Linguae Latinae et Anglicanae</title>. Printed by Thomae Thomasii for Richardum Boyle. <pubPlace>Cambridge</pubPlace>, <date>1587</date>. STC <idno type="STC">24008</idno>. LEME <idno type="LEME">179</idno>.</bibl>

Example: Reprinted Books or Articles

If the source is a reprint of an earlier publication, format and tag as follows:

<bibl>
  <author>Leavis, F.R.</author>
  <title level="a">Diabolical Intellect and the Noble Hero; or The Sentimentalist <title level="m">Othello</title>
  </title>. <title level="j">Scrutiny</title> 6 (<date>1937</date>); rpt. <title level="m">The Common Pursuit</title>. <pubPlace>London</pubPlace>: <publisher>Chatto & Windus</publisher>, <date>1952</date>; rpt. <pubPlace>London</pubPlace>: <publisher>Faber</publisher>, <date>2008</date>. 136-159.</bibl>

If the source is a reprint of an earlier publication that includes no date, format and tag as follows:

<bibl>
<author>Greenblatt, Stephen</author>. <title level="a">Invisible Bullets</title>. <title level="j">Shakespearean Negotiations: The Circulation of Social Energy in Renaissance England</title>; rpt. <pubPlace>Oxford</pubPlace>: <publisher>Oxford University Press</publisher>, <date>1988</date>. 21–65.</bibl>

If the earlier publication is already in the shared bibliography, you still need to add an entry for the reprint and give it a unique xml:id. Pagination is often different in a reprint and we may well have some editors citing from the original and some editors citing from the reprint. If there is more than one reprint, there may well be multiple reprints in the shared bibliography. (Note that we do not proleptically add sources to the shared bibliography. We add them only when an editor cites from them.)

<listBibl>
  <bibl xml:id="BARB1">
    <author>Barber, C.L.</author>
    <title level="m">Shakespeare’s Festive Comedy: A Study of Dramatic Form and Its Relation to Social Custom</title>. <pubPlace>Princeton</pubPlace>: <publisher>Princeton University Press</publisher>, <date>1959</date>; rpt. <pubPlace>Cleveland & New York</pubPlace>: <publisher>Meridian</publisher>, <date>1963</date>.</bibl>
  <bibl xml:id="BARB2">
    <author>Barber, C.L.</author>
    <title level="m">Shakespeare’s Festive Comedy: A Study of Dramatic Form and Its Relation to Social Custom</title>. <date>1959</date>. 2nd ed. <pubPlace>Princeton, NJ</pubPlace>: <publisher>Princeton University Press</publisher>, <date>1972</date>.</bibl>
  <bibl xml:id="BARB3">
    <author>Barber, C.L.</author>
    <title level="m">Shakespeare’s Festive Comedy: A Study of Dramatic Form and its Relation to Social Custom</title>. <date>1959</date>. New edition, with foreword by Stephen Greenblatt. <pubPlace>Princeton</pubPlace>: <publisher>Princeton University Press</publisher>, <date>2012</date>. WSB <idno type="WSB">aaab9</idno>.</bibl>
</listBibl>

Examples: Links to Authorities and Surrogates

Provide relevant identification numbers or record numbers in the following order:

DOI (if the source has been published digitally and registered with Cross-Ref)

WSB record number (if the source has been listed in the World Shakespeare Bibliography)

DEEP number

STC number

URL or URI if the item is online

Example: DEEP

Use DEEP numbers for specific editions of a printed playbook. Manuscript plays do not have DEEP numbers, of course.

Example: DOI

Example: ESTC

Example: Murphy, Andrew

<bibl>

Murphy <idno type="Murphy">304</idno>

</bibl>

Example: STC

Example: TCP

Example: TCP-GIT

<bibl>TCP-Github <idno type="TCP-GIT">A07492</idno>.</bibl>

Example: URI

<bibl>


<idno type="URI">https://www.livescience.com/27433-ostriches.html</idno>

</bibl>

Example: WSB

Example: BritDrama

Note that you would give the BritDrama number from Wiggins and Richardson if you wanted to indicate the work rather than a particular publication (or text embodied in a publication). If you want to cite from Wiggins’ and Richardson’s summaries or metadata compilations, cite by their surnames, volume number, and page number.

<bibl>

Wiggins and Richardson <idno type="BritDrama">1493</idno>.</bibl>

Example: Wing

Prosopography

Isabella Seales

Isabella Seales is a fourth year undergraduate completing her Bachelor of Arts in English at the University of Victoria. She has a special interest in Renaissance and Metaphysical Literature. She is assisting Dr. Jenstad with the MoEML Mayoral Shows anthology as part of the Undergraduate Student Research Award program.

Janelle Jenstad

Janelle Jenstad is a Professor of English at the University of Victoria, Director of The Map of Early Modern London, and Director of Linked Early Modern Drama Online. With Jennifer Roberts-Smith and Mark Beatrice Kaethler, she co-edited Shakespeare’s Language in Digital Media: Old Words, New Tools (Routledge). She has edited John Stow’s A Survey of London (1598 text) for MoEML and is currently editing The Merchant of Venice (with Stephen Wittek) and Heywood’s 2 If You Know Not Me You Know Nobody for DRE. Her articles have appeared in Digital Humanities Quarterly, Elizabethan Theatre, Early Modern Literary Studies, Shakespeare Bulletin, Renaissance and Reformation, and The Journal of Medieval and Early Modern Studies. She contributed chapters to Approaches to Teaching Othello (MLA); Teaching Early Modern Literature from the Archives (MLA); Institutional Culture in Early Modern England (Brill); Shakespeare, Language, and the Stage (Arden); Performing Maternity in Early Modern England (Ashgate); New Directions in the Geohumanities (Routledge); Early Modern Studies and the Digital Turn (Iter); Placing Names: Enriching and Integrating Gazetteers (Indiana); Making Things and Drawing Boundaries (Minnesota); Rethinking Shakespeare Source Study: Audiences, Authors, and Digital Technologies (Routledge); and Civic Performance: Pageantry and Entertainments in Early Modern London (Routledge). For more details, see janellejenstad.com.

Joey Takeda

Joey Takeda is LEMDO’s Consulting Programmer and Designer, a role he assumed in 2020 after three years as the Lead Developer on LEMDO.

Mahayla Galliford

Project manager, 2025-present; research assistant, 2021-present. Mahayla Galliford (she/her) graduated with a BA (Hons with distinction) from the University of Victoria in 2024. Mahayla’s undergraduate research explored early modern stage directions and civic water pageantry. Mahayla continues her studies through UVic’s English MA program and her SSHRC-funded thesis project focuses on editing and encoding girls’ manuscripts, specifically Lady Rachel Fane’s dramatic entertainments, in collaboration with LEMDO.

Martin Holmes

Martin Holmes has worked as a developer in the UVic’s Humanities Computing and Media Centre for over two decades, and has been involved with dozens of Digital Humanities projects. He has served on the TEI Technical Council and as Managing Editor of the Journal of the TEI. He took over from Joey Takeda as lead developer on LEMDO in 2020. He is a collaborator on the SSHRC Partnership Grant led by Janelle Jenstad.

Navarra Houldin

Training and Documentation Lead 2025–present. LEMDO project manager 2022–2025. Textual remediator 2021–present. Navarra Houldin (they/them) completed their BA with a major in history and minor in Spanish at the University of Victoria in 2022. Their primary research was on gender and sexuality in early modern Europe and Latin America. They are continuing their education through an MA program in Gender and Social Justice Studies at the University of Alberta where they will specialize in Digital Humanities.

Oluwaseun Akintola

Oluwaseun Akintola is a student pursuing an English major and Psychology minor at the University of Victoria. She has had the opportunity of working for LEMDO as the recipient of the Undergraduate Student Research Award (USRA) from the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (SSHRC) for the summers of 2024 and 2025. Her research primarily focuses on premodern critical race theory in early modern drama, researching racial representation, and constructions of identity in Shakespeare’s plays Othello and The Merchant of Venice.

Tracey El Hajj

Junior Programmer 2019–2020. Research Associate 2020–2021. Tracey received her PhD from the Department of English at the University of Victoria in the field of Science and Technology Studies. Her research focuses on the algorhythmics of networked communications. She was a 2019–2020 President’s Fellow in Research-Enriched Teaching at UVic, where she taught an advanced course on Artificial Intelligence and Everyday Life. Tracey was also a member of the Map of Early Modern London team, between 2018 and 2021. Between 2020 and 2021, she was a fellow in residence at the Praxis Studio for Comparative Media Studies, where she investigated the relationships between artificial intelligence, creativity, health, and justice. As of July 2021, Tracey has moved into the alt-ac world for a term position, while also teaching in the English Department at the University of Victoria.

Orgography

LEMDO Team (LEMD1)

The LEMDO Team is based at the University of Victoria and normally comprises the project director, the lead developer, project manager, junior developers(s), remediators, encoders, and remediating editors.

Metadata

Authority title	Encoded Bibliography Entry Examples
Type of text	Documentation
Publisher	University of Victoria on the Linked Early Modern Drama Online Platform
Series	Linked Early Modern Drama Online
Source	TEI Customization created by Martin Holmes, Joey Takeda, and Janelle Jenstad; documentation written by members of the LEMDO Team
Editorial declaration	n/a
Edition	Released with Linked Early Modern Drama Online 1.0
Encoding description	Encoded in TEI P5 according to the LEMDO Customization and Encoding Guidelines
Document status	prgGenerated
Funder(s)	Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada
License/availability	This file is licensed under a CC BY-NC_ND 4.0 license, which means that it is freely downloadable without permission under the following conditions: (1) credit must be given to the author and LEMDO in any subsequent use of the files and/or data; (2) the content cannot be adapted or repurposed (except in quotations for the purposes of academic review and citation); and (3) commercial uses are not permitted without the knowledge and consent of the editor and LEMDO. This license allows for pedagogical use of the documentation in the classroom.