Prepare Edition Bibliography

Prior Reading

Rationale

Your edition bibliography is curated by you, but your full entries will live in the shared LEMDO bibliography.1 This system ensures that multiple editions can draw on a centralized bibliography but also gives editors great flexibility in how they organize their own edition bibliographies.
Note that we have a separate bibliography for stage productions and films (PROD1.xml), mainly because BIBL1 and PROD1 together would be an enormous database. Entries from the PROD1 file are included in your edition the same way that you include entries found in the BIBL1 folder. To learn how to cite productions and films, see Prepare Production Database Entries.

Workflow

Your first task is to gather the information the LEMDO team needs to create entries for you in our shared bibliography. Entries need to capture the key pieces of bibliographic information that give credit where credit is due and allow others to find the source.
You can transcribe the information into a <listBibl> in your edition bibliography file and encode it yourself. See Encode Bibliography to learn how to pre-encode the entries for us. The LEMDO team will move your entries into the site-wide BIBL1 files, assign each one an xml:id, and add a @corresp attribute to your bibliography that points to the centralized location. If you are able to undertake this step, you will save the LEMDO team a lot of time. When your entries conform to the guidelines and are ready to be moved into LEMDO’s site-wide bibliography, email the LEMDO team at UVic.
Alternatively, you may prepare your bibliography (in a .docx, .odt, or .txt file2) and attach it to an email sent to the LEMDO Team, who will add each entry to our site-wide bibliography and encode it for you. Make sure that all information is in the correct order and is punctuated and capitalized according to the examples below. If a source is already in the LEMDO bibliography, we will give you the pre-existing xml:id of the source. You can save yourself and us some time by checking the site-wide bibliography before/as you prepare your bibliography. We do not publish the site-wide bibliography but you will find a rendered HTLM list of all entries on the Jenkins site under the “Resources” tab. Use Ctrl+f to search the HTML page. In cases of reprints, revised editions, and 2nd+ editions, please ensure that you are using the correct xml:id for the source you are citing. You may have a good reason for citing a reprint/revised source; if it is not in our site-wide bibliography, we will gladly add it.
While the LEMDO Team will encode new entries for you, we do not generally have time to check the accuracy of each one; checking accuracy is a job for you, your anthology lead, and peer reviewers. Because many editors share this site-wide bibliography, there is a certain amount of salutary cross-checking, confirming, and disambiguation that occurs with each edition release. We welcome corrections and comments from you on entries already in the site-wide bibliography.

Practice: Secondary Sources

For secondary sources published since 1900, you will need to provide at least the following information:
Author(s) and/or Editor(s)
Title(s)
Publisher
Publication date
You will also need to give relevant identification numbers or record numbers as follows:
DOI (if the source has been published digitally and registered with Cross-Ref)3
WSB record number (if the source has been listed in the World Shakespeare Bibliography)
Note that LEMDO follows CMOS 18 in omitting the place of publication for publications after 1899 (14.30 and 14.31).
For secondary sources published 1700 to 19004, you will need to provide at least the following information:
Author(s) and/or Editor(s)
Title(s)
Place of publication (if known)
Publisher or bookseller (if known)
Publication date
One or more bibliographic identifiers

Quick Answers to Frequent Questions

Issue numbers for articles should be included. Omitting issue numbers is a vestige of print culture, when all the issues of a journal were bound together at the end of the year. Now that we do our searching for articles in online bibliographies and digital collections, the issue number is a key piece of metadata.
The first and last page numbers should be spelled out in full (e.g., 191–192). Note that we follow Chicago 17th ed. and use the en dash in number ranges. However, we diverge from MLA and Chicago in that we give all the digits in ranges. Computers are better at processing full numbers.
We use the full words for “University” and “Press”.
We capitalize all the letters in DOI.

Authors’ Names and Trans-Inclusive Bibliography

Scholars undergo name changes for various reasons. LEMDO follows the trans-inclusive bibliography practices recommended by Heidi Craig, Laura Estill, and Kris L. May. While LEMDO’s default practice is to transcribe an author’s name as it appears in the publication, we have a responsibility to go beyond mere transcription. Craig, Estill, and May (building on the 9th edition of the MLA Handbook, the APA, and previous work on inclusive bibliography) call for us to Destigmatize name changes and to Prioritize people over the artefacts they produce.: If a person tells you their name, use it (10).
Take the time to cite authors as they wish to be cited. Here are some tips:
Check the ORCID (“Open Researcher and Contributor ID”) registry at https://orcid.org/. Researchers maintain their own ORCID profiles, where they can curate their own list of publications.
For authors affiliated with institutions, check for a faculty, staff, or student profile on the institution’s website.
For independent scholars, look for a LinkedIn profile or personal website.
Do not list the author’s former name (or deadname) parenthetically.
Avoid reaching out to authors to ask how they wish to be cited. Doing so places a temporal burden on people who already have much to do.
Remember that a DOI and other publication information makes a source eminently findable.
Authors are welcome to contact LEMDO. LEMDO’s policy is to change bibliographic entries and citations of that entry upon the request of the author.

Links to Open Access Publications

Links to online Open Access (OA) publications—such as OA journals (Early Theatre, EMLS) and OA projects (Map of Early Modern London)—are encouraged. Do not make links to commercial content providers like Wiley, EBSCO, etc. Give the DOI for the objects distributed rather than the link created by the digital distributor(s).

Practice: Primary Sources

Most of your primary sources will be early manuscripts and printed books.
For primary sources, you will need to provide at least the following information:
Author(s)
Title(s)
Place of publication (only for primary sources before 1900)
Publisher
Publication date
You will also need to give relevant identification numbers or record numbers as follows:
For books published in England, Ireland, Scotland, and Wales from 1475 to 1640, provide the STC number from the 2nd edition of the Short Title Catalogue and the ESTC number.
For books published 1641 to 1700, provide the Wing number and the ESTC number.
For books published 1700 to 1800 in England, provide the ESTC number.
As you probably know, the ESTC went offline when the British Library suffered a cyberattack in October 2023. See the new ESTC database at https://datb.cerl.org/estc.

Further Reading

Notes

1.Exception: If you cite specific copies of an early publication or specific variant states of an early publication, you will create a full <bibl> item for the copy/state in your edition bibliography.↑
2.We prefer not to receive PDFs, which have a lot of extra formatting embedded in the document↑
3.Do not give us proxy links that work only at your institution, links containing search strings, or links to commercial content providers like JSTOR or EBSCO. See Prohibitions.↑
4.Anything published before 1700 (i.e., an STC or a Wing book) should be treated as a primary source.↑

Prosopography

Janelle Jenstad

Janelle Jenstad is a Professor of English at the University of Victoria, Director of The Map of Early Modern London, and Director of Linked Early Modern Drama Online. With Jennifer Roberts-Smith and Mark Beatrice Kaethler, she co-edited Shakespeare’s Language in Digital Media: Old Words, New Tools (Routledge). She has edited John Stow’s A Survey of London (1598 text) for MoEML and is currently editing The Merchant of Venice (with Stephen Wittek) and Heywood’s 2 If You Know Not Me You Know Nobody for DRE. Her articles have appeared in Digital Humanities Quarterly, Elizabethan Theatre, Early Modern Literary Studies, Shakespeare Bulletin, Renaissance and Reformation, and The Journal of Medieval and Early Modern Studies. She contributed chapters to Approaches to Teaching Othello (MLA); Teaching Early Modern Literature from the Archives (MLA); Institutional Culture in Early Modern England (Brill); Shakespeare, Language, and the Stage (Arden); Performing Maternity in Early Modern England (Ashgate); New Directions in the Geohumanities (Routledge); Early Modern Studies and the Digital Turn (Iter); Placing Names: Enriching and Integrating Gazetteers (Indiana); Making Things and Drawing Boundaries (Minnesota); Rethinking Shakespeare Source Study: Audiences, Authors, and Digital Technologies (Routledge); and Civic Performance: Pageantry and Entertainments in Early Modern London (Routledge). For more details, see janellejenstad.com.

Joey Takeda

Joey Takeda is LEMDO’s Consulting Programmer and Designer, a role he assumed in 2020 after three years as the Lead Developer on LEMDO.

Kate LeBere

Project Manager, 2020–2021. Assistant Project Manager, 2019–2020. Textual Remediator and Encoder, 2019–2021. Kate LeBere completed her BA (Hons.) in History and English at the University of Victoria in 2020. During her degree she published papers in The Corvette (2018), The Albatross (2019), and PLVS VLTRA (2020) and presented at the English Undergraduate Conference (2019), Qualicum History Conference (2020), and the Digital Humanities Summer Institute’s Project Management in the Humanities Conference (2021). While her primary research focus was sixteenth and seventeenth century England, she completed her honours thesis on Soviet ballet during the Russian Cultural Revolution. She is currently a student at the University of British Columbia’s iSchool, working on her masters in library and information science.

Mahayla Galliford

Project manager, 2025-present; research assistant, 2021-present. Mahayla Galliford (she/her) graduated with a BA (Hons with distinction) from the University of Victoria in 2024. Mahayla’s undergraduate research explored early modern stage directions and civic water pageantry. Mahayla continues her studies through UVic’s English MA program and her SSHRC-funded thesis project focuses on editing and encoding girls’ manuscripts, specifically Lady Rachel Fane’s dramatic entertainments, in collaboration with LEMDO.

Martin Holmes

Martin Holmes has worked as a developer in the UVic’s Humanities Computing and Media Centre for over two decades, and has been involved with dozens of Digital Humanities projects. He has served on the TEI Technical Council and as Managing Editor of the Journal of the TEI. He took over from Joey Takeda as lead developer on LEMDO in 2020. He is a collaborator on the SSHRC Partnership Grant led by Janelle Jenstad.

Navarra Houldin

Training and Documentation Lead 2025–present. LEMDO project manager 2022–2025. Textual remediator 2021–present. Navarra Houldin (they/them) completed their BA with a major in history and minor in Spanish at the University of Victoria in 2022. Their primary research was on gender and sexuality in early modern Europe and Latin America. They are continuing their education through an MA program in Gender and Social Justice Studies at the University of Alberta where they will specialize in Digital Humanities.

Oluwaseun Akintola

Oluwaseun Akintola is a student pursuing an English major and Psychology minor at the University of Victoria. She has had the opportunity of working for LEMDO as the recipient of the Undergraduate Student Research Award (USRA) from the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (SSHRC) for the summers of 2024 and 2025. Her research primarily focuses on premodern critical race theory in early modern drama, researching racial representation, and constructions of identity in Shakespeare’s plays Othello and The Merchant of Venice.

Tracey El Hajj

Junior Programmer 2019–2020. Research Associate 2020–2021. Tracey received her PhD from the Department of English at the University of Victoria in the field of Science and Technology Studies. Her research focuses on the algorhythmics of networked communications. She was a 2019–2020 President’s Fellow in Research-Enriched Teaching at UVic, where she taught an advanced course on Artificial Intelligence and Everyday Life. Tracey was also a member of the Map of Early Modern London team, between 2018 and 2021. Between 2020 and 2021, she was a fellow in residence at the Praxis Studio for Comparative Media Studies, where she investigated the relationships between artificial intelligence, creativity, health, and justice. As of July 2021, Tracey has moved into the alt-ac world for a term position, while also teaching in the English Department at the University of Victoria.

Bibliography

Chicago Manual of Style. 18th ed. University of Chicago Press, 2024.
Craig, Heidi, Laura Estill, and Kris L. May. A Rationale of Trans-inclusive Bibliography. Textual Cultures 16.2 (2023): 1–28. DOI 10.14434/tc.v16i2.36763.

Orgography

LEMDO Team (LEMD1)

The LEMDO Team is based at the University of Victoria and normally comprises the project director, the lead developer, project manager, junior developers(s), remediators, encoders, and remediating editors.

Metadata

Authority title Prepare Edition Bibliography
Type of text Documentation
Publisher University of Victoria on the Linked Early Modern Drama Online Platform
Series Linked Early Modern Drama Online
Source
TEI Customization created by Martin Holmes, Joey Takeda, and Janelle Jenstad; documentation written by members of the LEMDO Team
Editorial declaration n/a
Edition Released with Linked Early Modern Drama Online 1.0
Encoding description Encoded in TEI P5 according to the LEMDO Customization and Encoding Guidelines
Document status prgGenerated
Funder(s) Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada
License/availability
This file is licensed under a CC BY-NC_ND 4.0 license, which means that it is freely downloadable without permission under the following conditions: (1) credit must be given to the author and LEMDO in any subsequent use of the files and/or data; (2) the content cannot be adapted or repurposed (except in quotations for the purposes of academic review and citation); and (3) commercial uses are not permitted without the knowledge and consent of the editor and LEMDO. This license allows for pedagogical use of the documentation in the classroom.