The Douai Comedy of Errors: Introduction

Para1This is the only play in the Douai manuscript with a distinctive title, one that shows marks of appreciation. The play covers three full quires and one gathering of three half-sheets. The text is almost entirely verbatim from F2, with almost no cuts (perhaps because it is a very short play), which constitutes a very different case from those of plays like Romeo and Juliet and As You Like It, both heavily abridged, but aligns Comedy of Errors with Julius Caesar, also transcribed almost verbatim from F2. Another characteristic it shares with the latter play is the use of Latin forms for Acts 1 to 3 (but in this the scribe or editor follows F2), although not for Acts 4 and 5. There is no division in scenes beyond the indication of the first scene of Act I; this shows a departure from F2, which includes a reference to the first scene of each act. The text of the Douai MS for this play is quite clean on the whole. There are fewer added stage directions than in the other plays. As with the other plays, the lexis and syntax tend to be modernized, and the punctuation is very light (and often erratic). Most of the changes made to the text of F2 concern word substitutions or word order, but the scribe or editor has made fewer changes to F2’s text than in other plays. The F2 text has occasionally been edited by the Douai scribe-cum-editor who corrects a few mistakes, but there are a number of small changes that introduce new errors, like changes in pronouns, small words accidentally omitted, often necessitating insertions above the line, or words redoubled. The editor’s major area of intervention concerns the addition of the revised title and a list of characters, which is the first ever for this play. A few substantial variants and emendations which often predate Rowe, Theobald, Pope, or Malone are recorded in the collation and annotation lists. There are two manuscript interventions by a later hand, marked as Hand 2 (as in the other plays) in this edition, which are two stage directions added in the margin. They are highlighted in red in the enhanced reading mode of our edition.
Para2Only the major departures from F2 have been indicated in the collation, however, and the salient points of the transcription-cum-edition have been flagged in the annotations. Variants in punctuation and lineation are not recorded. Note that the Douai manuscript modernizes the lexis, by consistently substituting yes for the archaic Ay or I, or my for mine, if for and, and of which for whereof. Some substitutions of a plural form for a singular, or vice versa, have not been marked, unless they were considered significant emendations.
Para3The author of the Douai MS uses some abbreviations in this play, especially Latin ones like ꝑ (minuscule cut p for per, pre or par) and occasionally ꝰ for final ending -us, which seem to reflect professional scribal habits. These abbreviations are only used more freely in Julius Caesar.

Prosopography

Abby Flight

Remediator and encoder, 2024–present. Abby Flight completed her BA in English at the University of Victoria in 2024, and is now an MA student focusing on Medieval and Early Modern Studies.

Côme Saignol

Côme Saignol is a PhD candidate at Sorbonne University where he is preparing a thesis about the reception of Cyrano de Bergerac. After working several years on Digital Humanities, he created a company named CS Edition & Corpus to assist researchers in classical humanities. His interests include: eighteenth-century theatre, philology, textual alignment, and XML databases.

Janelle Jenstad

Janelle Jenstad is a Professor of English at the University of Victoria, Director of The Map of Early Modern London, and Director of Linked Early Modern Drama Online. With Jennifer Roberts-Smith and Mark Kaethler, she co-edited Shakespeare’s Language in Digital Media: Old Words, New Tools (Routledge). She has edited John Stow’s A Survey of London (1598 text) for MoEML and is currently editing The Merchant of Venice (with Stephen Wittek) and Heywood’s 2 If You Know Not Me You Know Nobody for DRE. Her articles have appeared in Digital Humanities Quarterly, Elizabethan Theatre, Early Modern Literary Studies, Shakespeare Bulletin, Renaissance and Reformation, and The Journal of Medieval and Early Modern Studies. She contributed chapters to Approaches to Teaching Othello (MLA); Teaching Early Modern Literature from the Archives (MLA); Institutional Culture in Early Modern England (Brill); Shakespeare, Language, and the Stage (Arden); Performing Maternity in Early Modern England (Ashgate); New Directions in the Geohumanities (Routledge); Early Modern Studies and the Digital Turn (Iter); Placing Names: Enriching and Integrating Gazetteers (Indiana); Making Things and Drawing Boundaries (Minnesota); Rethinking Shakespeare Source Study: Audiences, Authors, and Digital Technologies (Routledge); and Civic Performance: Pageantry and Entertainments in Early Modern London (Routledge). For more details, see janellejenstad.com.

Line Cottegnies

Line Cottegnies teaches early-modern literature at Sorbonne Université. She is the author of a monograph on the politics of wonder in Caroline poetry, L’Éclipse du regard: la poésie anglais du baroque au classicisme (Droz, 1997), and has co-edited several collections of essays, including Authorial Conquests: Essays on Genre in the Writings of Margaret Cavendish (AUP, 2003, with Nancy Weitz), Women and Curiosity in the Early Modern Period (Brill, 2016), with Sandring Parageau, or Henry V: A Critical Guide (Bloomsbury, 2018), with Karen Britland. She has published on seventeenth-century literature, from Shakespeare and Raleigh to Ahpra Behn and Mary Astell. Her research interests are: early-modern drama and poetry, the politics of translation (between France and England), and women authors of the period. She has also developed a particular interest in editing: she had edited half of Shakespeare’s plays for the Gallimard bilingual complete works (alone and in collaboration), and, also, Henry IV, Part 2, for The Norton Shakespeare 3 (2016). With Marie-Alice Belle, she has co-edited two Elizabethan translations of Robert Garnier (by Mary Sidney Herbert and Thomas Kyd), published in 2017 in the MHRA Tudor and Stuart Translation Series as Robert Garnier in Elizabethan England. She is currently working on an edition of three Behn’s translations from the French for the Cambridge edition of Behn’s Complete Works

Mahayla Galliford

Assistant project manager, 2024-present; research assistant, encoder, and remediator, 2021-present. Mahayla Galliford (she/her) graduated with a BA (Hons) English from the University of Victoria in 2024. Mahayla’s undergraduate research explored early modern stage directions and civic water pageantry. She continues her studies through the UVic English master’s program and focuses on editing and encoding girls’ manuscript writing in collaboration with LEMDO.

Navarra Houldin

LEMDO project manager 2022–present. Textual remediator 2021–present. Navarra Houldin (they/them) completed their BA with a major in history and minor in Spanish at the University of Victoria in 2022. Their primary research was on gender and sexuality in early modern Europe and Latin America. They are continuing their education through an MA program in Gender and Social Justice Studies at the University of Alberta where they will specialize in Digital Humanities.

William Shakespeare

Bibliography

Malone, Edmond, ed. The Plays and Poems of William Shakespeare. 10 vols. London: J. Rivingston and Sons, 1790. ESTC T138858.
Pope, Alexander, ed. The works of Shakespear. 6 vols. London: Jacob Tonson, 1725. ESTC N26060.
Rowe, Nicholas, ed. The Works of Mr William Shakespear. 6 vols. London, 1709; rpt. 8 vols. 1714. ESTC T138296.
Theobald, Lewis, ed. The works of Shakespeare: in seven volumes. Collated with the oldest copies, and corrected; with notes, explanatory, and critical. 7 vols. London: A. Bettesworth and C. Hitch, J. Tonson, F. Clay, W. Feales, and R. Wellington, 1733. ESTC T138606.

Orgography

LEMDO Team (LEMD1)

The LEMDO Team is based at the University of Victoria and normally comprises the project director, the lead developer, project manager, junior developers(s), remediators, encoders, and remediating editors.

University of Victoria (UVIC1)

https://www.uvic.ca/

Notes on scribal hands

Douai MS Hand 2
A second, later hand is used in the Douai MS, which is MS 787 in the Bibliothèque Marceline Desbordes-Valmore repository. It is responsible for the insertion of stage directions. This later hand is smaller, thinner, and more slanting than the main scribal hand. It does not appear in Macbeth.

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