Encode Collations

Prior Reading

This documentation assumes that you are familiar with the basics of collation and that you have made a witness list. See Introduction to Collations and Encode Witness List if you have not yet completed these steps.

Create a Single Apparatus Entry

Each apparatus entry has the following elements:
The <app> element, which contains the entire apparatus entry for a single character, string, word, or phrase.
A child <lem> element that gives the lemmatic reading.
One or more child <rdg> elements that give the stemmatic readings.

Practice: Encode the Root <app> Element

Every lemmatic reading for which you want to record variants in the editorial history is rooted on the <app> element. You will link to your modern text from the <app> element.
Before you can link to your lemmatic reading, it must have milestone <anchor> elements on either side of it in your modern text. Note that anchors do not wrap around text; they are simply milestones or waypoints in your primary text. See Create Anchors for instructions on how to add anchors in your modern text.
Each anchor has a unique xml:id. To point to the anchor before the lemmatic reading (i.e., the start of the reading that you wish to collate), add the @from attribute on the <app> element with a value following this pattern: the prefix "doc:" followed by the xml:id of the file that you are linking to, a hash character, and the xml:id of the anchor before the lemmatic reading. To point to the anchor after the lemmatic reading (i.e., the end of the reading that you wish to collate), add the @from attribute on the <app> element with a value following this pattern: the prefix "doc:" followed by the xml:id of the file that you are linking to, a hash character, and the xml:id of the anchor after the lemmatic reading. For example:
<app from="doc:emd1HW_M#emd1HW_M_anc_31" to="doc:emd1HW_M#emd1HW_M_anc_32">
<!-- ... -->
</app>
Note that it is standard practice to have both your modern file (i.e., to-be-modernized modern file) and your collation file open at the same time in your Oxygen window.

Practice: Capture the Lemmatic Reading

To capture your lemmatic reading, add a <lem> element as a child of <app> . Put the @source attribute on <lem> with the value of a hash character (#) followed by the xml:id of the source that you defined in your witness list (i.e., in the <witness> element in your <listWit> ).
Type the lemmatic reading in the text node of the <lem> element. Write it as you wish it to appear when it is rendered on screen or on the page. You can abbreviate the lemma if doing so will help the reader see differences between the lemmatic reading and stemmatic readings more clearly. This means that the text node of the <lem> element does not have to match your lemmatic reading precisely, though it often will. Use an ellipsis character to abbreviate your lemma (not three spaced periods) as LEMDO looks for the ellipsis character at processing time. For practice, see Ellipses in Lemmas.

Ellipses in Lemmas

You may shorten your lemma in the collation by typing an ellipsis character, exactly as you do with the label in an annotation. Because the anchors indicate the precise string being collated, the lemma ( <lem> ) in your collation functions more like a label than a lemma. We never want three spaced periods to be used as ellipses, so you must use an ellipsis character ( … ) from the character map on your computer or from LEMDOʼs pre-mapped characters. See Practice: Insert an Ellipsis Character.

Practice: Capture the Stemmatic Readings

Add a <rdg> element as a child of <app> for each stemmatic reading that you wish to capture. Indicate the witness for each reading by using the @wit attribute on <rdg> with the value of a hash character (#) followed by the xml:id of the witness that you defined in your witness list ( <listWit> ).
Type the relevant part of the reading precisely. Do not abbreviate or shorten readings if doing so would lose important information about the publication and editorial history of the text. If you do wish to shorten readings by omitting material from the middle of the reading, use the <gap> element, the @reason attribute, and the "sampling" value to indicate that the omission is yours. (It will be rendered as an ellipsis wrapped in square brackets.)
If there is an ellipsis in the witness, type an ellipsis character and wrap it in the <pc> element. See Practice: Insert an Ellipsis Character.

Encode Omissions

If you want to indicate that a witness omits the entire string that is captured in your lemma, create an empty <rdg> element:
<app from="doc:emdFV_M#emdFV_M_anc_23" to="doc:emdFV_M#emdFV_M_anc_24">
  <lem source="#emdFV_M_collation_thisEd">
    <supplied>Sir John Oldcastle</supplied>
  </lem>
  <rdg wit="#emdFV_M_collation_Q1"/>
</app>
See TEI Guidelines 12.4.: An editor wishing to signal an omission in one witness should encode the omission using an empty rdg.
At processing time, LEMDO will supply the phrase (Omitted) (without the quotation marks).

Substantive Adoption

Sometimes you will adopt a reading substantively with only a minor accidental variation. In such cases, you will want to give credit to the source of your reading in the <lem> element and include the exact text of the witness in a <rdg> element. In this example, the editor acknowledges F1 as the source of their modernized punctuation and gives the exact F1 reading:
<app from="doc:emdH5_FM#emdH5_FM_anc_60" to="doc:emdH5_FM#emdH5_FM_anc_61">
  <lem source="#emdH5_FM_collation_F1">high, uprearèd,</lem>
  <rdg wit="#emdH5_FM_collation_F1">high, vp-reared</rdg>
</app>

Examples

Example of a basic entry:
<app from="doc:emd1HW_M#emd1HW_M_anc_31" to="doc:emd1HW_M#emd1HW_M_anc_32">
  <lem source="#emd1HW_M_collation_Ed">Gentlemen</lem>
  <rdg wit="#emd1HW_M_collation_Q2S">All</rdg>
  <rdg wit="#emd1HW_M_collation_Q1">All</rdg>
</app>
Example of a lemmatic reading that has been truncated using an ellipsis:
<app from="doc:emdH5_FM#emdH5_FM_anc_6127" to="doc:emdH5_FM#emdH5_FM_anc_6128">
  <lem source="#emdH5_FM_collation_F1">O braggart … exhale.<note>verse F1</note>
  </lem>
</app>
Example of truncated lemmatic and stemmatic readings:
<app from="doc:emdH5_FM#emdH5_FM_anc_6138" to="doc:emdH5_FM#emdH5_FM_anc_6139">
  <lem source="#emdH5_FM_collation_Pope">We’ll give … bring them.<note>one line</note>
  </lem>
  <rdg wit="#emdH5_FM_collation_F1">Weele giue <gap reason="sampling"/> audience. / Goe, and bring them.</rdg>
</app>
Example of an entry where ellipses are not advisable:
<app from="doc:emd1HW_M#emd1HW_M_anc_135" to="doc:emd1HW_M#emd1HW_M_anc_137">
  <lem source="#emd1HW_M_collation_Dodsley_1">O yes, my lord, so soon.</lem>
  <rdg wit="#emd1HW_M_collation_Dodsley_1">O! yes, my lord, so soon.</rdg>
  <rdg wit="#emd1HW_M_collation_Q1">O yes my Lord, so soone:</rdg>
  <rdg wit="#emd1HW_M_collation_Q2S">O yes my Lord, so soone:</rdg>
  <rdg wit="#emd1HW_M_collation_Dyce">O yes, my lord. So soon?</rdg>
  <note>Punctuated substantially as in Dodsley 1.</note>
</app>

Prosopography

Janelle Jenstad

Janelle Jenstad is a Professor of English at the University of Victoria, Director of The Map of Early Modern London, and Director of Linked Early Modern Drama Online. With Jennifer Roberts-Smith and Mark Kaethler, she co-edited Shakespeare’s Language in Digital Media: Old Words, New Tools (Routledge). She has edited John Stow’s A Survey of London (1598 text) for MoEML and is currently editing The Merchant of Venice (with Stephen Wittek) and Heywood’s 2 If You Know Not Me You Know Nobody for DRE. Her articles have appeared in Digital Humanities Quarterly, Elizabethan Theatre, Early Modern Literary Studies, Shakespeare Bulletin, Renaissance and Reformation, and The Journal of Medieval and Early Modern Studies. She contributed chapters to Approaches to Teaching Othello (MLA); Teaching Early Modern Literature from the Archives (MLA); Institutional Culture in Early Modern England (Brill); Shakespeare, Language, and the Stage (Arden); Performing Maternity in Early Modern England (Ashgate); New Directions in the Geohumanities (Routledge); Early Modern Studies and the Digital Turn (Iter); Placing Names: Enriching and Integrating Gazetteers (Indiana); Making Things and Drawing Boundaries (Minnesota); Rethinking Shakespeare Source Study: Audiences, Authors, and Digital Technologies (Routledge); and Civic Performance: Pageantry and Entertainments in Early Modern London (Routledge). For more details, see janellejenstad.com.

Joey Takeda

Joey Takeda is LEMDO’s Consulting Programmer and Designer, a role he assumed in 2020 after three years as the Lead Developer on LEMDO.

Martin Holmes

Martin Holmes has worked as a developer in the UVicʼs Humanities Computing and Media Centre for over two decades, and has been involved with dozens of Digital Humanities projects. He has served on the TEI Technical Council and as Managing Editor of the Journal of the TEI. He took over from Joey Takeda as lead developer on LEMDO in 2020. He is a collaborator on the SSHRC Partnership Grant led by Janelle Jenstad.

Navarra Houldin

Project manager 2022–present. Textual remediator 2021–present. Navarra Houldin (they/them) completed their BA in History and Spanish at the University of Victoria in 2022. During their degree, they worked as a teaching assistant with the University of Victoriaʼs Department of Hispanic and Italian Studies. Their primary research was on gender and sexuality in early modern Europe and Latin America.

Nicole Vatcher

Technical Documentation Writer, 2020–2022. Nicole Vatcher completed her BA (Hons.) in English at the University of Victoria in 2021. Her primary research focus was womenʼs writing in the modernist period.

Tracey El Hajj

Junior Programmer 2019–2020. Research Associate 2020–2021. Tracey received her PhD from the Department of English at the University of Victoria in the field of Science and Technology Studies. Her research focuses on the algorhythmics of networked communications. She was a 2019–2020 President’s Fellow in Research-Enriched Teaching at UVic, where she taught an advanced course on Artificial Intelligence and Everyday Life. Tracey was also a member of the Map of Early Modern London team, between 2018 and 2021. Between 2020 and 2021, she was a fellow in residence at the Praxis Studio for Comparative Media Studies, where she investigated the relationships between artificial intelligence, creativity, health, and justice. As of July 2021, Tracey has moved into the alt-ac world for a term position, while also teaching in the English Department at the University of Victoria.

Orgography

LEMDO Team (LEMD1)

The LEMDO Team is based at the University of Victoria and normally comprises the project director, the lead developer, project manager, junior developers(s), remediators, encoders, and remediating editors.

Metadata

Authority title Encode Collations
Type of text Documentation
Short title
Publisher University of Victoria on the Linked Early Modern Drama Online Platform
Series Linked Early Modern Drama Online
Source
TEI Customization created by Martin Holmes, Joey Takeda, and Janelle Jenstad; documentation written by members of the LEMDO Team
Editorial declaration n/a
Edition Released with Linked Early Modern Drama Online 1.0
Encoding description Encoded in TEI P5 according to the LEMDO Customization and Encoding Guidelines
Document status prgGenerated
Funder(s) Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada
License/availability This file is licensed under a CC BY-NC_ND 4.0 license, which means that it is freely downloadable without permission under the following conditions: (1) credit must be given to the author and LEMDO in any subsequent use of the files and/or data; (2) the content cannot be adapted or repurposed (except in quotations for the purposes of academic review and citation); and (3) commercial uses are not permitted without the knowledge and consent of the editor and LEMDO. This license allows for pedagogical use of the documentation in the classroom.