LEMDO: Collate Stage Directions

Collate Stage Directions

Prior Reading

This documentation assumes that you are familiar with the basic of collations and that you have made a witness list. See Introduction to Collations, Collation Types, and Encode Witness List if you have not yet completed these steps.

Rationale

The collation file (1) captures differences between stage directions in the modernized text and in the earliest publications, (2) gives credit where credit is due to editorial predecessors, and (3) indicates where you (the editor) have offered a new stage direction or moved a stage direction from its original or traditional placement.

Practice: Encode Collated Stage Directions

If your editorial witness contains square brackets (as many print editions do), type them in the text node of the


                                          <rdg>

element.¹

If you want to add an editorial comment on the reading, add a


                                          <note>

element. Do not include your comments in the text node of


                                          <rdg>

To indicate that the stage direction does not appear in a witness, create an empty


                                          <rdg>

element. See Encode Omissions.

Some projects (e.g., QME) are asking editors to wrap editorial stage directions in the


                                          <supplied>

element.² If your lemma contains material that you have supplied, replicate the encoding in your modernized text. In other words, if you have a


                                          <supplied>

element in your modernized text, include the


                                          <supplied>

element in your lemma. Do not type square brackets into your lemma. LEMDO does not permit editors to type square brackets in modernized texts or born digital texts. Some anthologies (e.g., QME) use the


                                          <supplied>

element to indicate supplied editorial stage directions. DRE and all anthologies following the DRE guidelines prohibit the use of


                                          <supplied>

in stage directions. But

Examples

In the following example, the editor captures the facts that he adds an editorial stage direction in the modernized text of Friar Bacon and Friar Bungay, that Dyce adds a different editorial stage direction in his 1861 edition, and that Bevington adds yet another editorial stage direction in his 2002 edition.

<app from="doc:emdFBFB_M#emdFBFB_M_anc_640" to="doc:emdFBFB_M#emdFBFB_M_anc_641">
  <lem source="#doc:emdFBFB_M_collation_ThisEd">
    <supplied>She steps forward.</supplied>
  </lem>
  <rdg wit="#doc:emdFBFB_M_collation_Dyce1861">[Comes forward]</rdg>
  <rdg wit="#doc:emdFBFB_M_collation_Bevington2002">[She approaches Lacy.]</rdg>
</app>

In this example, the editor indicates that she is following Capell in providing an exit for attendants, but not adopting Capell’s stage direction verbatim. She also indicates that there is no stage direction in Q1 by providing an empty


                                          <rdg>

element:

<app from="doc:emdR2_M#emdR2_M_anc_21" to="doc:emdR2_M#emdR2_M_anc_22">
  <lem source="lew:Capell_1768">
    <supplied>Exit one or more attendants</supplied>.</lem>
  <rdg wit="lew:Capell_1768">[Exeunt some Attendants.]</rdg>
  <rdg wit="lew:Q1"/>
</app>

Notes

1.Note that this context is the only LEMDO context that permits square brackets. In other contexts, you will need to wrap square brackets in the


                                    <pc>

element. You do not


                                    <pc>

in the


                                    <rdg>

element.↑

2.DRE and NISE are not asking editors to do this, on the grounds that the modernized text is already entirely supplied.↑

Prosopography

Janelle Jenstad

Janelle Jenstad is a Professor of English at the University of Victoria, Director of The Map of Early Modern London, and Director of Linked Early Modern Drama Online. With Jennifer Roberts-Smith and Mark Kaethler, she co-edited Shakespeare’s Language in Digital Media: Old Words, New Tools (Routledge). She has edited John Stow’s A Survey of London (1598 text) for MoEML and is currently editing The Merchant of Venice (with Stephen Wittek) and Heywood’s 2 If You Know Not Me You Know Nobody for DRE. Her articles have appeared in Digital Humanities Quarterly, Elizabethan Theatre, Early Modern Literary Studies, Shakespeare Bulletin, Renaissance and Reformation, and The Journal of Medieval and Early Modern Studies. She contributed chapters to Approaches to Teaching Othello (MLA); Teaching Early Modern Literature from the Archives (MLA); Institutional Culture in Early Modern England (Brill); Shakespeare, Language, and the Stage (Arden); Performing Maternity in Early Modern England (Ashgate); New Directions in the Geohumanities (Routledge); Early Modern Studies and the Digital Turn (Iter); Placing Names: Enriching and Integrating Gazetteers (Indiana); Making Things and Drawing Boundaries (Minnesota); Rethinking Shakespeare Source Study: Audiences, Authors, and Digital Technologies (Routledge); and Civic Performance: Pageantry and Entertainments in Early Modern London (Routledge). For more details, see janellejenstad.com.

Joey Takeda

Joey Takeda is LEMDO’s Consulting Programmer and Designer, a role he assumed in 2020 after three years as the Lead Developer on LEMDO.

Mahayla Galliford

Project manager, 2025-present; research assistant, 2021-present. Mahayla Galliford (she/her) graduated with a BA (Hons with distinction) from the University of Victoria in 2024. Mahayla’s undergraduate research explored early modern stage directions and civic water pageantry. Mahayla continues her studies through UVic’s English MA program and her SSHRC-funded thesis project focuses on editing and encoding girls’ manuscripts, specifically Lady Rachel Fane’s dramatic entertainments, in collaboration with LEMDO.

Martin Holmes

Martin Holmes has worked as a developer in the UVic’s Humanities Computing and Media Centre for over two decades, and has been involved with dozens of Digital Humanities projects. He has served on the TEI Technical Council and as Managing Editor of the Journal of the TEI. He took over from Joey Takeda as lead developer on LEMDO in 2020. He is a collaborator on the SSHRC Partnership Grant led by Janelle Jenstad.

Navarra Houldin

Training and Documentation Lead 2025–present. LEMDO project manager 2022–2025. Textual remediator 2021–present. Navarra Houldin (they/them) completed their BA with a major in history and minor in Spanish at the University of Victoria in 2022. Their primary research was on gender and sexuality in early modern Europe and Latin America. They are continuing their education through an MA program in Gender and Social Justice Studies at the University of Alberta where they will specialize in Digital Humanities.

Tracey El Hajj

Junior Programmer 2019–2020. Research Associate 2020–2021. Tracey received her PhD from the Department of English at the University of Victoria in the field of Science and Technology Studies. Her research focuses on the algorhythmics of networked communications. She was a 2019–2020 President’s Fellow in Research-Enriched Teaching at UVic, where she taught an advanced course on Artificial Intelligence and Everyday Life. Tracey was also a member of the Map of Early Modern London team, between 2018 and 2021. Between 2020 and 2021, she was a fellow in residence at the Praxis Studio for Comparative Media Studies, where she investigated the relationships between artificial intelligence, creativity, health, and justice. As of July 2021, Tracey has moved into the alt-ac world for a term position, while also teaching in the English Department at the University of Victoria.

Orgography

LEMDO Team (LEMD1)

The LEMDO Team is based at the University of Victoria and normally comprises the project director, the lead developer, project manager, junior developers(s), remediators, encoders, and remediating editors.

Metadata

Authority title	Collate Stage Directions
Type of text	Documentation
Publisher	University of Victoria on the Linked Early Modern Drama Online Platform
Series	Linked Early Modern Drama Online
Source	TEI Customization created by Martin Holmes, Joey Takeda, and Janelle Jenstad; documentation written by members of the LEMDO Team
Editorial declaration	n/a
Edition	Released with Linked Early Modern Drama Online 1.0
Encoding description	Encoded in TEI P5 according to the LEMDO Customization and Encoding Guidelines
Document status	prgGenerated
Funder(s)	Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada
License/availability	This file is licensed under a CC BY-NC_ND 4.0 license, which means that it is freely downloadable without permission under the following conditions: (1) credit must be given to the author and LEMDO in any subsequent use of the files and/or data; (2) the content cannot be adapted or repurposed (except in quotations for the purposes of academic review and citation); and (3) commercial uses are not permitted without the knowledge and consent of the editor and LEMDO. This license allows for pedagogical use of the documentation in the classroom.