Integrate Pointers into Your Prose

Rationale

You will want to think carefully about how to integrate local pointers (i.e., pointers to other parts of your own edition) into your prose. Your job is to make the pointers; LEMDOʼs job is to turn those pointers into citations that make sense for the publication medium. LEMDO editions are published as digital editions (where we cite by A.S.Sp. for primary dramatic texts and by paragraphs for critical paratexts) and as print editions (where we cite by the line numbers assigned to the printed text in the final stages of layout). You will need to think about whether you need to put your pointers in parentheses or integrate them into your prose. This documentation explains how our processing renders pointers and how you can use that information to determine how to integrate pointers into your prose.

How LEMDO Processing Renders Pointers

Our processing turns your encoding into reader-friendly citations. There are two ways that this can happen in the digital edition:
If you are linking to your modernized text or semi-diplomatic transcription: We use the A.S.Sp. system. Our processing will use the value of the @xml:id attribute on the speech that you are citing. If you are linking to anchors, our processing will use the value of the @xml:id of the speech that contains the anchor. For example, this: <ptr type="localCit" target="doc:emdH5_FM#emdH5_FM_a1_s2_sp18"/> would render as A1 S2 Sp18. Note that semi-diplomatic transcriptions do not use act or scene numbers in their @xml:id values, so they will only be cited by speech number.
If you are linking to a <div> in a critical paratext: Our processing will use the text from the <head> of the <div> that you are citing. For example, this: <ptr target="doc:emdH5_GenIntro#emdH5_GenIntro_theaterKingship"/>, which links to a <div> with a <head> of Theatre and Kingship would render as Theatre and Kingship.
In the print editions, our processing gives the act and scene number of the thing that you are citing as in the digital edition, but uses the line numbers that are assigned during page layout rather than speech numbers.

Practice: Integrate Pointers into your Prose

Pointers are very helpful for directing readers to the exact point that you want them to look at. They also ensure that our citations are consistently formatted across the LEMDO platform. Knowing how our processing renders pointers in the final output of your edition allows you to incorporate them naturally into your prose. You will extrapolate what will happen to the pointer when you are writing to be certain that it fits and makes sense in your text. So, if you are writing a sentence and want to talk about text in your play, you can add in a pointer to that text knowing that it will appear as an A.S.Sp. citation in the final output of your edition. Similarly, if you want to write about a section in a critical paratext, you can incorporate a pointer into the sentence knowing that it will appear as the heading of that section wrapped in quotation marks.
For example, you might want to write the following sentence:
In Act 1 Scene 3 of Honest Whore, Part 1, the Duke instructs servants to ‘uncurtain Infelice ʼ (Act 1 Scene 3 Speech 5).
Knowing how LEMDO renders pointers, you can use two pointers in that sentence:
<p>In <ptr type="localCit" target="doc:emd1HW_M#emd1HW_M_a1_s3"/> of <title level="m">Honest Whore, Part 1</title>, the Duke instructs servants to <quote>uncurtain <supplied>Infelice</supplied>
</quote> (<ptr type="localCit" target="doc:emd1HW_M#emd1HW_M_a1_s3_sp5"/>).</p>
You will expect it to render on the LEMDO site as follows:
In A1 S3 of Honest Whore, Part 1, the Duke instructs servants to ‘uncurtain Infelice ʼ (A1 S3 Sp5).
Where A1 S3 and A1 S3 Sp5 are links to the modern text.
Similarly, you might want to link readers to a specific section in a critical paratext, as follows:
As I explain in the Ingestion and Egestion section of the General Introduction
You can encode that sentence as:
<p>As I explain in the <ptr target="doc:emdAHDM_GenIntro#emdAHDM_GenIntro_Ingestion"/> section of the <ptr target="doc:emdAHDM_GenIntro"/>
  <!-- Paragraph continues. -->
</p>
And expect it to render as:
As I explain in the Ingestion and Egestion section of the General Introduction
Where Ingestion and Egestion and General Introduction are both links. The benefit of using <ptr> elements is that, if you choose to change the header of the <div> that you point to, your citations will automatically update to reflect that change.
Remember that you may use <ref> elements rather then pointers. With a <ref> element, you have complete control over what appears in the output. See Choose Linking Mechanisms for more information about the process of deciding whether to use a <ptr> or <ref> element and Encode Reference Links for information on encoding the <ref> element.

Examples

Example of an inline reference to two disparate points in the text:
<p><!-- Beginning of paragraph. -->The copy-text for this edition is Q1, apart from the passage at <ptr type="localCit" target="doc:emd1H4_M#emd1H4_M_anc_3231"/> to <ptr type="localCit" target="doc:emd1H4_M_anc_3232"/> where prior authority is given to Q0.<!-- Paragraph continues. --></p>
When we build the digital edition, the pointers and targets will be converted to A.S.Sp. references, each hyperlinked directly to the beginning and end points of this long passage. When we build the print edition, the pointer and targets will be converted to A.S.L numbers that correspond to the line numbers generated for the print edition. Thus, the digital edition will look like this:
The copy-text for this edition is Q1, apart from the passage at A1 S3 Sp26 to A2 S2 Sp45 where prior authority is given to Q0.
Example of an inline reference marking a point in the text:
<p><!-- Beginning of paragraph. -->At <ptr type="localCit" target="doc:emdSel_M#emdSel_M_anc_109 doc:emdSel_M#emdSel_M_anc_110"/> Tonombey describes his father as being <quote>lineally descend<supplied>ed</supplied>
</quote> from Usumcasane<!-- Paragraph continues. --></p>
When we build the digital edition, the pointer will be converted to an A.S.Sp. reference that hyperlinks directly to this point in the text. It will render as follows:
… At S26 Sp2 Tonombey describes his father as being ‘lineally descended ʼ from Usumcasane …
Example of a parenthetical citation that spans two lines of text:
<p><!-- Beginning of paragraph. --> For both he delivers an affectionate, but clear-sighted epitaph. His farewell to Hotspur begins, <quote>Fare thee well, great heart! Ill-weaved ambition, how much art thou shrunk!</quote> (<ptr type="localCit" target="doc:emd1H4_M#emd1H4_M_anc_3234 doc:emd1H4_M#emd1H4_M_anc_3235"/>) and to Falstaff he says, <quote>Poor Jack, Farewell! / I could have better spared a better man</quote> (<ptr type="localCit" target="doc:emd1H4_M#emd1H4_M_anc3236 doc:emd1H4_M#emd1H4_M_anc_3237"/>).<!-- Paragraph continues. --></p>
When we build the digital edition, the pointers and targets will be converted to a single A.S.Sp. reference that links directly to the beginning of the quotation in the modern primary text. When we build the print edition, the pointers and targets will convert to a parenthetical citation indicating the line numbers of both the beginning and end points of the quotation, thus: (A.S.L-A.S.L).

Prosopography

Janelle Jenstad

Janelle Jenstad is a Professor of English at the University of Victoria, Director of The Map of Early Modern London, and Director of Linked Early Modern Drama Online. With Jennifer Roberts-Smith and Mark Kaethler, she co-edited Shakespeare’s Language in Digital Media: Old Words, New Tools (Routledge). She has edited John Stow’s A Survey of London (1598 text) for MoEML and is currently editing The Merchant of Venice (with Stephen Wittek) and Heywood’s 2 If You Know Not Me You Know Nobody for DRE. Her articles have appeared in Digital Humanities Quarterly, Elizabethan Theatre, Early Modern Literary Studies, Shakespeare Bulletin, Renaissance and Reformation, and The Journal of Medieval and Early Modern Studies. She contributed chapters to Approaches to Teaching Othello (MLA); Teaching Early Modern Literature from the Archives (MLA); Institutional Culture in Early Modern England (Brill); Shakespeare, Language, and the Stage (Arden); Performing Maternity in Early Modern England (Ashgate); New Directions in the Geohumanities (Routledge); Early Modern Studies and the Digital Turn (Iter); Placing Names: Enriching and Integrating Gazetteers (Indiana); Making Things and Drawing Boundaries (Minnesota); Rethinking Shakespeare Source Study: Audiences, Authors, and Digital Technologies (Routledge); and Civic Performance: Pageantry and Entertainments in Early Modern London (Routledge). For more details, see janellejenstad.com.

Joey Takeda

Joey Takeda is LEMDO’s Consulting Programmer and Designer, a role he assumed in 2020 after three years as the Lead Developer on LEMDO.

Martin Holmes

Martin Holmes has worked as a developer in the UVicʼs Humanities Computing and Media Centre for over two decades, and has been involved with dozens of Digital Humanities projects. He has served on the TEI Technical Council and as Managing Editor of the Journal of the TEI. He took over from Joey Takeda as lead developer on LEMDO in 2020. He is a collaborator on the SSHRC Partnership Grant led by Janelle Jenstad.

Navarra Houldin

Project manager 2022–present. Textual remediator 2021–present. Navarra Houldin (they/them) completed their BA in History and Spanish at the University of Victoria in 2022. During their degree, they worked as a teaching assistant with the University of Victoriaʼs Department of Hispanic and Italian Studies. Their primary research was on gender and sexuality in early modern Europe and Latin America.

Nicole Vatcher

Technical Documentation Writer, 2020–2022. Nicole Vatcher completed her BA (Hons.) in English at the University of Victoria in 2021. Her primary research focus was womenʼs writing in the modernist period.

Tracey El Hajj

Junior Programmer 2019–2020. Research Associate 2020–2021. Tracey received her PhD from the Department of English at the University of Victoria in the field of Science and Technology Studies. Her research focuses on the algorhythmics of networked communications. She was a 2019–2020 President’s Fellow in Research-Enriched Teaching at UVic, where she taught an advanced course on Artificial Intelligence and Everyday Life. Tracey was also a member of the Map of Early Modern London team, between 2018 and 2021. Between 2020 and 2021, she was a fellow in residence at the Praxis Studio for Comparative Media Studies, where she investigated the relationships between artificial intelligence, creativity, health, and justice. As of July 2021, Tracey has moved into the alt-ac world for a term position, while also teaching in the English Department at the University of Victoria.

Orgography

LEMDO Team (LEMD1)

The LEMDO Team is based at the University of Victoria and normally comprises the project director, the lead developer, project manager, junior developers(s), remediators, encoders, and remediating editors.

Metadata