The type of file and size that your image is impacts how it appears in the final output
of your edition. This documentation explains LEMDO’s practices for encoding images
to ensure high-quality image appearance in both digital and print editions.
Practice: Choose Image Type
LEMDO currently supports image files saved in either .jpg or .png format. Which format
you save your image as will depend on the type of image that you are adding to your
file.
Save images as .jpg files if:
Your image is a facsimile of a source text.
Your image is a photograph, painting, or drawing.
Save images as .png files if:
Your image is a screenshot.
Your image is a digital illustration (e.g., a chart or a graph).
Your image requires transparency (e.g., a logo with no background).
The .jpg format uses a lossy compression algorithm. This means that it uses less data
space but that some detail will be lost in compression. The algorithm will extrapolate
to fill in the missing data in the output of the image.
LEMDO recommends saving images at the highest resolution possible in order to preserve
high quality across images. The resolution is determined in pixels: the greater the
pixel dimensions your image has, the larger the image’s size and the higher its resolution.
When choosing the size of images, we care primarily about image width. Images in LEMDO
sit in a column that has a set width of approximately 500px. Ideally, you will save
your images at a resolution of at least twice that width (1200px1 or larger if possible). LEMDO has processing to fit your image into the set column
width. Do not try to scale images up in size, keep the highest resolution available.
The ideal size for images going into the print publication of your edition is 3000px.
Facsimiles of source texts are a special case and should be saved at a very high resolution
when possible; see Special Case: Facsimile Images.
If you need to scale an image down in size (i.e., if your image is significantly larger
than 3000px), you will require an image editor. There are some freely available online
such as:
There is also a plethora of heavy-duty applications such as Adobe Photoshop, Pixelmator
Pro, and Affinity Photo that you can use if you wish to learn more in this field.
Regardless of which software you use, the basic steps to scale an image are the same:
Open the image.
Determine the image’s current size. You can also do this by right clicking the image
file in your computer’s file manager and selecting Properties.
Maintain the aspect ratio.
If the image is too big, enter the desired width. Because you have selected to maintain
the aspect ratio, the height will be calculated by your software. Remember that the
desired width you enter is to determine the image’s resolution, not how large it appears
in the final HTML or print output of your edition.
If the image is too small, do not try to scale the image.
If you are also changing the format of the image from .png to .jpg, export the image
as a .jpg file. If exporting, your image-editing software will offer you a compression
slider. Select to keep the quality at 100%.
Check the image’s new size.
Special Case: Facsimile Images
Facsimile images should be high resolution, in .jpg format, and at least 2000px in
size. We will link to full-size facsimile images from thumbnails in an edition’s semi-diplomatic
transcription.
Janelle Jenstad is a Professor of English at the University of Victoria, Director
of The Map of Early Modern London, and Director of Linked Early Modern Drama Online. With Jennifer Roberts-Smith and Mark Kaethler, she co-edited Shakespeare’s Language in Digital Media: Old Words, New Tools (Routledge). She has edited John Stow’s A Survey of London (1598 text) for MoEML and is currently editing The Merchant of Venice (with Stephen Wittek) and Heywood’s 2 If You Know Not Me You Know Nobody for DRE. Her articles have appeared in Digital Humanities Quarterly, Elizabethan Theatre, Early Modern Literary Studies, Shakespeare Bulletin, Renaissance and Reformation, and The Journal of Medieval and Early Modern Studies. She contributed chapters to Approaches to Teaching Othello (MLA); Teaching Early Modern Literature from the Archives (MLA); Institutional Culture in Early Modern England (Brill); Shakespeare, Language, and the Stage (Arden); Performing Maternity in Early Modern England (Ashgate); New Directions in the Geohumanities (Routledge); Early Modern Studies and the Digital Turn (Iter); Placing Names: Enriching and Integrating Gazetteers (Indiana); Making Things and Drawing Boundaries (Minnesota); Rethinking Shakespeare Source Study: Audiences, Authors, and Digital Technologies (Routledge); and Civic Performance: Pageantry and Entertainments in Early Modern London (Routledge). For more details, see janellejenstad.com.
Joey Takeda
Joey Takeda is LEMDO’s Consulting Programmer and Designer, a role he assumed in 2020
after three years as the Lead Developer on LEMDO.
Mahayla Galliford
Project manager, 2025-present; research assistant, 2021-present. Mahayla Galliford
(she/her) graduated with a BA (Hons with distinction) from the University of Victoria
in 2024. Mahayla’s undergraduate research explored early modern stage directions and
civic water pageantry. Mahayla continues her studies through UVic’s English MA program
and her SSHRC-funded thesis project focuses on editing and encoding girls’ manuscripts,
specifically Lady Rachel Fane’s dramatic entertainments, in collaboration with LEMDO.
Martin Holmes
Martin Holmes has worked as a developer in the UVic’s Humanities Computing and Media
Centre for over two decades, and has been involved with dozens of Digital Humanities
projects. He has served on the TEI Technical Council and as Managing Editor of the
Journal of the TEI. He took over from Joey Takeda as lead developer on LEMDO in 2020.
He is a collaborator on the SSHRC Partnership Grant led by Janelle Jenstad.
Navarra Houldin
Training and Documentation Lead 2025–present. LEMDO project manager 2022–2025. Textual
remediator 2021–present. Navarra Houldin (they/them) completed their BA with a major
in history and minor in Spanish at the University of Victoria in 2022. Their primary
research was on gender and sexuality in early modern Europe and Latin America. They
are continuing their education through an MA program in Gender and Social Justice
Studies at the University of Alberta where they will specialize in Digital Humanities.
Nicole Vatcher
Technical Documentation Writer, 2020–2022. Nicole Vatcher completed her BA (Hons.)
in English at the University of Victoria in 2021. Her primary research focus was women’s
writing in the modernist period.
Tracey El Hajj
Junior Programmer 2019–2020. Research Associate 2020–2021. Tracey received her PhD
from the Department of English at the University of Victoria in the field of Science
and Technology Studies. Her research focuses on the algorhythmics of networked communications. She was a 2019–2020 President’s Fellow in Research-Enriched
Teaching at UVic, where she taught an advanced course on Artificial Intelligence and Everyday Life. Tracey was also a member of the Map of Early Modern London team, between 2018 and 2021. Between 2020 and 2021, she was a fellow in residence
at the Praxis Studio for Comparative Media Studies, where she investigated the relationships
between artificial intelligence, creativity, health, and justice. As of July 2021,
Tracey has moved into the alt-ac world for a term position, while also teaching in
the English Department at the University of Victoria.
Orgography
LEMDO Team (LEMD1)
The LEMDO Team is based at the University of Victoria and normally comprises the project
director, the lead developer, project manager, junior developers(s), remediators,
encoders, and remediating editors.
Metadata
Authority title
Choose Image Types and Sizes
Type of text
Documentation
Publisher
University of Victoria on the Linked Early Modern Drama Online Platform
Released with Linked Early Modern Drama Online 1.0
Encoding description
Encoded in TEI P5 according to the LEMDO Customization and Encoding Guidelines
Document status
prgGenerated
Funder(s)
Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada
License/availability
This file is licensed under a CC BY-NC_ND 4.0 license, which means that it is freely downloadable without permission under the following
conditions: (1) credit must be given to the author and LEMDO in any subsequent use
of the files and/or data; (2) the content cannot be adapted or repurposed (except
in quotations for the purposes of academic review and citation); and (3) commercial
uses are not permitted without the knowledge and consent of the editor and LEMDO.
This license allows for pedagogical use of the documentation in the classroom.
