Encode Annotations
Write Annotations
This section explains the process for writing annotations in texts and their corresponding
annotation files.
The annotations for the text you are encoding live in a separate file with the file
name textID_annotation.xml. Give the file an xml:id on the root element with an attribute of
@xml:id with the value "textID_annotation". The annotation file is saved in the app folder of your edition directory. If the
app folder does not contain an annotation file, please add it or ask a member of the
LEMDO team to add it for you. When encoding the annotation file, assign a
@type attribute to the main
<div>
element, with a value of "annotations".Place Anchors in the Source Document
In the document you are annotating, identify the string you want to annotate, and
select it with your cursor. Once the selection is made, press
Control+Shift+A (on Linux or Windows machines) or Command+Shift+A (on iOS machines). This shortcut will automatically generate an element
<anchor>
to the left of your selection, and another to the right. Each
<anchor>
has a generated
@xml:id with the following value: “doc:” followed by the ID of the text you are encoding,
followed by a “#” followed by _anc_followed by the appropriate anchor number. You will need these anchor IDs when writing your annotation in the annotation file, as described below.
For richer documentation on anchors, see
Create Anchors.
Write Annotations in the Corresponding Annotation File
In the annotation file, the struture of every annotation is as follows:
<note>
: the parent element that will contain all elements and content of the current annotation
you are writing. Give this element an attribute
@type with a value of annotation.You also need two attributes that refer to the anchors placed in the source document. These attributes are
@target and
@targetEnd.
@target refers to the left anchor on the annotated string, and
@targetEnd refers to the right anchor on the annotated string. Copy the value of the
@xml:id of the respective anchor (in the source document) into the appropriate target. The
next element is a
<note>
that identifies the label, which is the string of text you want to annotate. Add
an attribute
@type to the
<note>
, with a value label.The content of this note is the literal string to be annotated. Following are the actual
<note>
s. Assign an attribute
@type with a value of glossor
commentary.
Glosscorresponds to the short form and
commentaryto the fuller version of your note. Encode the content of the notes as appropriate. Below is an example.
Note from the annotation file:
<div type="annotations">
<!-- ... -->
<note type="annotation" target="doc:emdFBFB_M#emdFBFB_M_anc_11" targetEnd="doc:emdFBFB_M#emdFBFB_M_anc_12">
<note type="label">Lacy, earl of Lincoln</note>
<note type="gloss">a pseudo-historical character probably inspired by Edmund de Lacy (d. 1258), a courtier and heir of John de Lacy, second earl of Lincoln (d. 1240)</note>
<note type="commentary">Holinshed states that both <quote>William earle Warren and John earle of Lincoln</quote> died in 1240 (<title level="m">Chronicle</title> 225). The chronicler’s pairing of these magnates may have inspired Greene to include their heirs as members of Edward’s entourage (Round 20). Greene seems unaware of the fact that the younger Lacy died before he could inherit the earldom of Lincoln, which (<foreign xml:lang="la">suo jure</foreign>) remained invested in his mother the countess Margaret de Lacy (Wilkinson 121-122).</note>
</note>
<!-- ... -->
</div>
<!-- ... -->
<note type="annotation" target="doc:emdFBFB_M#emdFBFB_M_anc_11" targetEnd="doc:emdFBFB_M#emdFBFB_M_anc_12">
<note type="label">Lacy, earl of Lincoln</note>
<note type="gloss">a pseudo-historical character probably inspired by Edmund de Lacy (d. 1258), a courtier and heir of John de Lacy, second earl of Lincoln (d. 1240)</note>
<note type="commentary">Holinshed states that both <quote>William earle Warren and John earle of Lincoln</quote> died in 1240 (<title level="m">Chronicle</title> 225). The chronicler’s pairing of these magnates may have inspired Greene to include their heirs as members of Edward’s entourage (Round 20). Greene seems unaware of the fact that the younger Lacy died before he could inherit the earldom of Lincoln, which (<foreign xml:lang="la">suo jure</foreign>) remained invested in his mother the countess Margaret de Lacy (Wilkinson 121-122).</note>
</note>
<!-- ... -->
</div>
Note from the source file (text document):
<p>
<!-- ... -->
with <anchor xml:id="emdFBFB_M_anc_11"/>Lacy, earl of <lb type="tln" n="2"/>Lincoln<anchor xml:id="emdFBFB_M_anc_12"/>
<!-- ... -->
</p>
<!-- ... -->
with <anchor xml:id="emdFBFB_M_anc_11"/>Lacy, earl of <lb type="tln" n="2"/>Lincoln<anchor xml:id="emdFBFB_M_anc_12"/>
<!-- ... -->
</p>
Prosopography
Janelle Jenstad
Janelle Jenstad is a Professor of English at the University of Victoria, Director
of The Map of Early Modern London, and Director of Linked Early Modern Drama Online. With Jennifer Roberts-Smith and Mark Kaethler, she co-edited Shakespeare’s Language in Digital Media: Old Words, New Tools (Routledge). She has edited John Stow’s A Survey of London (1598 text) for MoEML and is currently editing The Merchant of Venice (with Stephen Wittek) and Heywood’s 2 If You Know Not Me You Know Nobody for DRE. Her articles have appeared in Digital Humanities Quarterly, Elizabethan Theatre, Early Modern Literary Studies, Shakespeare Bulletin, Renaissance and Reformation, and The Journal of Medieval and Early Modern Studies. She contributed chapters to Approaches to Teaching Othello (MLA); Teaching Early Modern Literature from the Archives (MLA); Institutional Culture in Early Modern England (Brill); Shakespeare, Language, and the Stage (Arden); Performing Maternity in Early Modern England (Ashgate); New Directions in the Geohumanities (Routledge); Early Modern Studies and the Digital Turn (Iter); Placing Names: Enriching and Integrating Gazetteers (Indiana); Making Things and Drawing Boundaries (Minnesota); Rethinking Shakespeare Source Study: Audiences, Authors, and Digital Technologies (Routledge); and Civic Performance: Pageantry and Entertainments in Early Modern London (Routledge). For more details, see janellejenstad.com.
Joey Takeda
Joey Takeda is LEMDO’s Consulting Programmer and Designer, a role he assumed in 2020
after three years as the Lead Developer on LEMDO.
Mahayla Galliford
Project manager, 2025-present; research assistant, 2021-present. Mahayla Galliford
(she/her) graduated with a BA (Hons with distinction) from the University of Victoria
in 2024. Mahayla’s undergraduate research explored early modern stage directions and
civic water pageantry. Mahayla continues her studies through UVic’s English MA program
and her SSHRC-funded thesis project focuses on editing and encoding girls’ manuscripts,
specifically Lady Rachel Fane’s dramatic entertainments, in collaboration with LEMDO.
Martin Holmes
Martin Holmes has worked as a developer in the UVic’s Humanities Computing and Media
Centre for over two decades, and has been involved with dozens of Digital Humanities
projects. He has served on the TEI Technical Council and as Managing Editor of the
Journal of the TEI. He took over from Joey Takeda as lead developer on LEMDO in 2020.
He is a collaborator on the SSHRC Partnership Grant led by Janelle Jenstad.
Navarra Houldin
Training and Documentation Lead 2025–present. LEMDO project manager 2022–2025. Textual
remediator 2021–present. Navarra Houldin (they/them) completed their BA with a major
in history and minor in Spanish at the University of Victoria in 2022. Their primary
research was on gender and sexuality in early modern Europe and Latin America. They
are continuing their education through an MA program in Gender and Social Justice
Studies at the University of Alberta where they will specialize in Digital Humanities.
Rylyn Christensen
Rylyn Christensen is an English major at the University of Victoria.
Tracey El Hajj
Junior Programmer 2019–2020. Research Associate 2020–2021. Tracey received her PhD
from the Department of English at the University of Victoria in the field of Science
and Technology Studies. Her research focuses on the algorhythmics of networked communications. She was a 2019–2020 President’s Fellow in Research-Enriched
Teaching at UVic, where she taught an advanced course on
Artificial Intelligence and Everyday Life.Tracey was also a member of the Map of Early Modern London team, between 2018 and 2021. Between 2020 and 2021, she was a fellow in residence at the Praxis Studio for Comparative Media Studies, where she investigated the relationships between artificial intelligence, creativity, health, and justice. As of July 2021, Tracey has moved into the alt-ac world for a term position, while also teaching in the English Department at the University of Victoria.
Orgography
LEMDO Team (LEMD1)
The LEMDO Team is based at the University of Victoria and normally comprises the project
director, the lead developer, project manager, junior developers(s), remediators,
encoders, and remediating editors.
Metadata
| Authority title | Encode Annotations |
| Type of text | Documentation |
| Publisher | University of Victoria on the Linked Early Modern Drama Online Platform |
| Series | Linked Early Modern Drama Online |
| Source |
TEI Customization created by Martin Holmes, Joey Takeda, and Janelle Jenstad; documentation written by members of the LEMDO Team
|
| Editorial declaration | n/a |
| Edition | Released with Linked Early Modern Drama Online 1.0 |
| Encoding description | Encoded in TEI P5 according to the LEMDO Customization and Encoding Guidelines |
| Document status | prgGenerated |
| Funder(s) | Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada |
| License/availability |
This file is licensed under a CC BY-NC_ND 4.0 license, which means that it is freely downloadable without permission under the following
conditions: (1) credit must be given to the author and LEMDO in any subsequent use
of the files and/or data; (2) the content cannot be adapted or repurposed (except
in quotations for the purposes of academic review and citation); and (3) commercial
uses are not permitted without the knowledge and consent of the editor and LEMDO.
This license allows for pedagogical use of the documentation in the classroom.
|