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               <ref target="https://uwaterloo.ca/">University of Waterloo</ref>
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               <ref target="https://www.cdtps.utoronto.ca/">University of Toronto Centre for Drama, Theatre &amp; Performance Studies</ref>
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               <p>Production photographs and videos on this site may not be downloaded. They appear freely on this site with the permission of the actors and the ACTRA union. They may be used within the context of university courses, within the classroom, and for reference within research contexts, including conferences, when credit is given to the producing company and to the actors. Commercial use of videos and photographs is forbidden.</p>
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               <reg>Peter Cockett</reg>
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               <p>Peter Cockett is an associate professor in the iArts (Integrated Arts) program at McMaster University. He is the co-editor, with Melinda Gough, of <title level="m">Engendering the Stage in the Age of Shakespeare and Beyond</title> (University of Toronto Press, 2025) which publishes the findings of their 2018 Performance as Research (PaR) workshop at the Stratford Festival Lab. He is the general editor (performance), and technical co-ordinating editor of <title level="m">Queen’s Men Editions</title>. His PaR directing credits include <title level="m">King Leir</title>, <title level="m">The Famous Victories of Henry V</title>, and <title level="m">Friar Bacon and Friar Bungay</title> (2006), <title level="m">Clyomon and Clamydes</title> (2010), and <title level="m">Three Ladies of London</title> (2015) for the Shakespeare and the Queen’s Men project (SQM). The process behind the 2006 productions is documented in depth on the project website <ref target="https://thequeensmen.ca/"><title level="m">Performing the Queen’s Men</title></ref>. For the PLS, the University of Toronto’s Medieval and Renaissance Players, he has directed the Digby <title level="m">Mary Magdalene</title> (2003) and the double bill of George Peele’s <title level="m">The Old Wives Tale</title> and the Chester <title level="m">Antichrist</title> (2004). He also directed <title level="m">An Experiment in Elizabethan Comedy</title> (2005) for the SQM project and <title level="m">Inside Out: The Persistence of Allegory</title> (2008) in collaboration with Alan Dessen. Peter is a professional actor and director with numerous stage and screen credits. He can be contacted at <ref target="mailto:cockett@mcmaster.ca">cockett@mcmaster.ca</ref>.</p>
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               <p>Junior Programmer 2019–2020. Research Associate 2020–2021. Tracey received her PhD from the Department of English at the University of Victoria in the field of Science and Technology Studies. Her research focuses on the <term>algorhythmics</term> of networked communications. She was a 2019–2020 President’s Fellow in Research-Enriched Teaching at UVic, where she taught an advanced course on <title level="a">Artificial Intelligence and Everyday Life.</title> Tracey was also a member of the <title level="m">Map of Early Modern London</title> team, between 2018 and 2021. Between 2020 and 2021, she was a fellow in residence at the Praxis Studio for Comparative Media Studies, where she investigated the relationships between artificial intelligence, creativity, health, and justice. As of July 2021, Tracey has moved into the alt-ac world for a term position, while also teaching in the English Department at the University of Victoria.</p>
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               <p>Project Manager, 2025-present; Assistant Project Manager, 2024-2025; Research Assistant, 2021-present. Mahayla Galliford (she/her) graduated from the University of Victoria with a BA (honours with distinction) in 2024, and an MA English in 2026. Mahayla’s undergraduate research explored early modern stage directions and civic water pageantry. Her SSHRC-funded MA thesis project focuses on transcribing, editing, and encoding early modern girls’ manuscripts, specifically Lady Rachel Fane’s <title level="m">May Masque</title> in collaboration with LEMDO.</p>
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               <p>Andrew Griffin is an associate professor in the department of English and an affiliate professor in the department of Theater and Dance at the University of California, Santa Barbara. He is general editor (text) of Queen’s Men Editions. He studies early modern drama and early modern historiography while serving as the lead editor at the <ref target="http://emcimprint.english.ucsb.edu">EMC Imprint</ref>. He has co-edited with Helen Ostovich and Holger Schott Syme <title level="m">Locating the Queen’s Men</title> (2009) and has co-edited <title level="m">The Making of a Broadside Ballad</title> (2016) with Patricia Fumerton and Carl Stahmer. His monograph, <ref target="https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/renaissance-quarterly/article/untimely-deaths-in-renaissance-drama-biography-history-catastrophe-andrew-griffin-toronto-university-of-toronto-press-2019-x-198-pp-45/D1154E832B251D4BEC76BD5504351063"><title level="m">Untimely Deaths in Renaissance Drama: Biography, History, Catastrophe</title></ref>, was published with the University of Toronto Press in 2019. He is editor of the anonymous <title level="m">The Chronicle History of King Leir</title> (Queen’s Men Editions, 2011). He can be contacted at <ref target="mailto:griffin@english.ucsb.edu">griffin@english.ucsb.edu</ref>.</p>
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               <p>Martin Holmes has worked as a developer in the UVic’s Humanities Computing and Media Centre for over two decades, and has been involved with dozens of Digital Humanities projects. He has served on the TEI Technical Council and as Managing Editor of the Journal of the TEI. He took over from Joey Takeda as lead developer on LEMDO in 2020. He is a collaborator on the SSHRC Partnership Grant led by Janelle Jenstad.</p>
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               <p>Janelle Jenstad is a Professor of English at the University of Victoria, Director of <ref target="https://mapoflondon.uvic.ca">The Map of Early Modern London</ref>, and Director of <ref target="https://lemdo.uvic.ca">Linked Early Modern Drama Online</ref>. With Jennifer Roberts-Smith and Mark Beatrice Kaethler, she co-edited <title level="m">Shakespeare’s Language in Digital Media: Old Words, New Tools</title> (Routledge). She has edited John Stow’s <title level="m">A Survey of London</title> (1598 text) for MoEML and is currently editing <title level="m">The Merchant of Venice</title> (with Stephen Wittek) and Heywood’s <title level="m">2 If You Know Not Me You Know Nobody</title> for DRE. Her articles have appeared in <title level="j">Digital Humanities Quarterly</title>, <title level="j">Elizabethan Theatre</title>, <title level="j">Early Modern Literary Studies</title>, <title level="j">Shakespeare Bulletin</title>, <title level="j">Renaissance and Reformation</title>, and <title level="j">The Journal of Medieval and Early Modern Studies</title>. She contributed chapters to <title level="m">Approaches to Teaching Othello</title> (MLA); <title level="m">Teaching Early Modern Literature from the Archives</title> (MLA); <title level="m">Institutional Culture in Early Modern England</title> (Brill); <title level="m">Shakespeare, Language, and the Stage</title> (Arden); <title level="m">Performing Maternity in Early Modern England</title> (Ashgate); <title level="m">New Directions in the Geohumanities</title> (Routledge); <title level="m">Early Modern Studies and the Digital Turn</title> (Iter); <title level="m">Placing Names: Enriching and Integrating Gazetteers</title> (Indiana); <title level="m">Making Things and Drawing Boundaries</title> (Minnesota); <title level="m">Rethinking Shakespeare Source Study: Audiences, Authors, and Digital Technologies</title> (Routledge); and <title level="m">Civic Performance: Pageantry and Entertainments in Early Modern London</title> (Routledge). For more details, see <ref target="https://janellejenstad.com/">janellejenstad.com</ref>.</p>
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               <p>Project Manager, 2020–2021. Assistant Project Manager, 2019–2020. Textual Remediator and Encoder, 2019–2021. Kate LeBere completed her BA (Hons.) in History and English at the University of Victoria in 2020. During her degree she published papers in <title level="j">The Corvette</title> (2018), <title level="j">The Albatross</title> (2019), and <title level="j">PLVS VLTRA</title> (2020) and presented at the English Undergraduate Conference (2019), Qualicum History Conference (2020), and the Digital Humanities Summer Institute’s Project Management in the Humanities Conference (2021). While her primary research focus was sixteenth and seventeenth century England, she completed her honours thesis on Soviet ballet during the Russian Cultural Revolution. She is currently a student at the University of British Columbia’s iSchool, working on her masters in library and information science.</p>
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               <forename>Toby</forename>
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               <p>Toby Malone is an Australian/Canadian academic, dramaturg, and librarian. He is a graduate of the University of Toronto (PhD, 2009) and the University of Western Australia (BA Hons, 2001), and the University of Western Ontario (MLIS, 2023). He has worked as a theatre artist across the world, with companies including the Stratford Festival, Canadian Stage, Soulpepper, Driftwood Theatre Group, the Shaw Festival, Poorboy Theatre Scotland, Pittsburgh Public Theatre, Arizona Theatre Company, CBC, BT/A, and Kill Shakespeare Entertainment. He has published in <title level="j">Shakespeare Survey</title>, <title level="j">Literature/Film Quarterly</title>, <title level="j">Canadian Theatre Review</title>, <title level="j">Borrowers and Lenders</title>, <title level="j">Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Literature</title>, appears in published collections with Routledge, Cambridge, and Oxford. Publications include two monographs: <title level="m">dapting War Horse</title> (Palgrave McMillan) and <title level="m">Cutting Plays for Performance: A Practical and Accessible Guide</title> (Routledge), and is currently co-writing an updated version of <title level="m">Shakespeare in Performance: Romeo and Juliet</title> with Jill L. Levenson for Manchester UP. Toby has previously taught at the University of Waterloo and the State University of New York at Oswego, is currently Research Impact Librarian at Toronto Metropolitan University.
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            <note>
               <p>Helen Ostovich, professor emerita of English at McMaster University, is the founder and general editor of <title level="m">Queen’s Men Editions</title>. She is a general editor of The Revels Plays (Manchester University Press); Series Editor of Studies in Performance and Early Modern Drama (Ashgate, now Routledge), and series co-editor of Late Tudor and Stuart Drama (MIP); play-editor of several works by Ben Jonson, in <title level="m">Four Comedies: Ben Jonson</title> (1997); <title level="m">Every Man Out of his Humour</title> (Revels 2001); and <title level="m">The Magnetic Lady</title> (Cambridge 2012). She has also edited the Norton Shakespeare 3 <title level="m">The Merry Wives of Windsor</title> Q1602 and F1623 (2015); <title level="m">The Late Lancashire Witches</title> and <title level="m">A Jovial Crew</title> for <ref target="https://www.dhi.ac.uk/brome/intro.jsp"><title level="m">Richard Brome Online</title></ref>, revised for a 4-volume set from OUP 2021; <title level="m">The Ball</title>, for the Oxford Complete Works of James Shirley (2021); <title level="m">The Merry Wives of Windsor</title> for Internet Shakespeare Editions, and <title level="m">The Dutch Courtesan</title> (with Erin Julian) for the Complete Works of John Marston, OUP 2022. She has published many articles and book chapters on Jonson, Shakespeare, and others, and several book collections, most recently <title level="m">Magical Transformations of the Early Modern English Stage</title> with Lisa Hopkins (2014), and the equivalent to book website, <title level="m">Performance as Research in Early English Theatre Studies:</title> The Three Ladies of London <title level="m">in Context</title> containing scripts, glossary, almost fifty conference papers edited and updated to essays; video; link to <title level="m">Queen’s Mens Ediitons</title> and YouTube: <ref target="http://threeladiesoflondon.mcmaster.ca/contexts/index.htm">http://threeladiesoflondon.mcmaster.ca/contexts/index.htm</ref>, 2015. Recently, she was guest editor of Strangers and Aliens in London ca 1605, Special Issue on Marston, <title level="m">Early Theatre</title> 23.1 (June 2020). She can be contacted at <ref target="mailto:ostovich@mcmaster.ca">ostovich@mcmaster.ca</ref>.</p>
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               <p>Jennifer Parr holds a Masters degree in European and Renaissance Drama from the  University of Warwick. She is an independent scholar and professional director and dramaturge based in Toronto. As an undergraduate at the University of Toronto she became  involved as an actor with the P.L.S. Medieval and Renaissance Players’ productions of the Medieval Mystery Cycles returning later to direct an all female company in the York Cycle Fall of the Angels for the international full cycle production in 1998. Her recent productions as director and dramaturge include an all female <title level="m">Julius Caesar</title> and an experimental all female adaptation of <title level="m">Richard III</title>: <title level="m">RIchard 3, Queens 4</title>. Her ongoing research into the historical Richard III and the various theatrical interpretations led to her joining the company of TTR3 as an observer and historical resource for the cast. She also writes a monthly column on music theatre and dance for <title level="m">The WholeNote</title> magazine.</p>
            </note>
         </person>
         <person xml:id="ROBE2" copyOf="PERS1.xml#ROBE2">
            <persName>
               <reg>Jennifer Roberts-Smith</reg>
               <forename>Jennifer</forename>
               <surname>Roberts-Smith</surname>
            </persName>
            <note>
               <p>Jennifer Roberts-Smith is an associate professor of theatre and performance at the University of Waterloo. Her interdisciplinary work in early modern performance editing combines textual scholarship, performance as research, archival theatre history, and design in the development of live and virtual renderings of early modern performance texts, venues, and practices. With Janelle Jenstad and Mark Beatrice Kaethler, she is co-editor of <title level="m">Shakespeare’s Language in Digital Media: Old Words New Tools</title> (2018). Her most recent work has focused on methods for design research that deepen interdisciplinary understanding and take a relational approach. She is currently managing director of the <ref target="http://www.qcollaborative.com/">qCollaborative</ref> (the critical feminist design research lab housed in the <ref target="https://uwaterloo.ca/games-institute/">University of Waterloo’s Games Institute</ref>, and leads the SSHRC-funded Theatre for Relationality and Design for Peace projects. She is also creative director and virtual reality development cluster lead for the Digital Oral Histories for Reconciliation (DOHR) project. She can be contacted at <ref target="mailto:j33rober@uwaterloo.ca">jennifer.roberts-smith@uwaterloo.ca</ref>.</p>
            </note>
         </person>
         <person xml:id="SEAB1" copyOf="PERS1.xml#SEAB1">
            <persName>
               <reg>Samuel Seaberg</reg>
               <forename>Samuel</forename>
               <surname>Seaberg</surname>
            </persName>
            <note>
               <p>Samuel Seaberg, a University of Victoria English undergrad, enjoys riding his bike. During the summer of 2025, he began working with LEMDO as a recipient of the Valerie Kuehne Undergraduate Research Award (VKURA). Unfortunately, due to his summer being spent primarily in working to establish an edition of Thomas Heywood’s <title level="m">If You Know Not Me, You Know Nobody, Part 2</title> and consequently working out how to represent multi-text works in a digital space, his bike has suffered severely of sheltered seclusion from the sun. Note: Samuel now works for LEMDO as the Assistant Project Manager, much to his bike’s chagrin.</p>
            </note>
         </person>
         <person xml:id="SENY1" copyOf="PERS1.xml#SENY1">
            <persName>
               <reg>Dimitry Senyshyn</reg>
               <forename>Dimitry</forename>
               <surname>Senyshyn</surname>
            </persName>
            <note>
               <p>Dimitry Senyshyn (<title level="m">Clyomon and Clamydes</title>, text) has current research focusing on Shakespeare’s tragicomic romances and their relation to a native tradition of popular romance. He has co-edited an old-spelling edition of <title level="m">The True Tragedie of Richard the Third</title> for <title level="m">QME</title> with Jennifer Robert-Smith. He contributed to the preparation of the REED <title level="m">Inns of Court</title> volume, and he has published in <title level="m">Theatre Research in Canada</title>, <title level="m">Early Theatre</title>, and the <title level="m">Encyclopedia of the Bible and its Reception</title>. He can be contacted at <ref target="mailto:dimitry.senyshyn@gmail.com">dimitry.senyshyn@gmail.com</ref>.</p>
            </note>
         </person>
         <person xml:id="TAKE1" copyOf="PERS1.xml#TAKE1">
            <persName>
               <reg>Joey Takeda</reg>
               <forename>Joey</forename>
               <surname>Takeda</surname>
            </persName>
            <note>
               <p>Joey Takeda is LEMDO’s Consulting Programmer and Designer, a role he assumed in 2020 after three years as the Lead Developer on LEMDO.</p>
            </note>
         </person>
         <person xml:id="VATC1" copyOf="PERS1.xml#VATC1">
            <persName type="cont">
               <reg>Nicole Vatcher</reg>
               <forename>Nicole</forename>
               <surname>Vatcher</surname>
               <abbr>NV</abbr>
            </persName>
            <note>
               <p>Technical Documentation Writer, 2020–2022. Nicole Vatcher completed her BA (Hons.) in English at the University of Victoria in 2021. Her primary research focus was women’s writing in the modernist period.</p>
            </note>
         </person>
         <person xml:id="ANON1" copyOf="PROS1.xml#ANON1">
            <persName>
               <reg>Anonymous</reg>
            </persName>
         </person>
         <person xml:id="HALL1" copyOf="PROS1.xml#HALL1">
            <persName>
               <reg>Edward Hall</reg>
               <forename>Edward</forename>
               <surname>Hall</surname>
            </persName>
         </person>
      </listPerson>
      <listBibl>
         <bibl xml:id="HALL11" copyOf="BIBL1.xml#HALL11">
            <author>Hall, Edward</author>. <title level="m">The Union of the Two Noble and Illustre

Families of Lancastre and Yorke</title>.

<pubPlace>London</pubPlace>: <publisher>J.

Johnson</publisher>, <date>1809</date>.</bibl>
         <bibl xml:id="OEDT2" copyOf="BIBL1.xml#OEDT2">
            <title level="m">OED: The Oxford English Dictionary</title>. 2nd ed. <publisher>Oxford University Press</publisher>, <date>1989</date>.</bibl>
      </listBibl>
      <listOrg>
         <org xml:id="LEMD1" copyOf="ORGS1.xml#LEMD1">
            <orgName>
               <reg>LEMDO Team</reg>
            </orgName>
            <note>The LEMDO Team is based at the University of Victoria and normally comprises the project director, the lead developer, project manager, junior developers(s), remediators, encoders, and remediating editors.</note>
         </org>
         <org xml:id="UVIC1" copyOf="ORGS1.xml#UVIC1">
            <orgName>
               <reg>University of Victoria</reg>
            </orgName>
            <idno type="URI">https://www.uvic.ca/</idno>
         </org>
         <org xml:id="QMEB1" n="qmeEditorialBoard" copyOf="ORGS1.xml#QMEB1">
            <orgName>
               <reg>QME Editorial Board</reg>
            </orgName>
            <note>
               <p>The QME Editorial Board consists of <persName ref="#OSTO1">Helen Ostovich</persName>, General Editor; <persName ref="#COCK1">Peter Cockett</persName>, General Editor (Performance); <persName ref="#GRIF1">Andrew Griffin</persName>, General Editor (Text); and <persName ref="#JENS1">Janelle Jenstad</persName>  General Editor (Text).</p>
            </note>
         </org>
      </listOrg>
   </standOff>
   <text>
      <body>
         <div xml:id="emdTTR3_Hall_source"><p>Modernized excerpts from <title level="m">The Union of the Two Noble and Illustre Families of Lancaster and York</title> (<ref type="bibl" target="#HALL11">Hall</ref>).</p></div>
         <div xml:id="emdTTR3_Hall_content">
         <p xml:id="emdTTR3_Hall_p1"><quote>My kingdom also, I leave in your governance, during the minority of my children, charging you on your honors, oaths, and fidelity, made and sworn to me, so <anchor xml:id="emdTTR3_Hall_anc_1"/>indifferently<anchor xml:id="emdTTR3_Hall_anc_2"/><note type="editorial">Impartially, unbiased (<ref type="bibl" target="#OEDT2"><title level="m">OED</title>
            <term>indifferently</term>, adv. 2</ref>).</note> to order and govern, the subjects of the same, both with justice and mercy, that the wills of <anchor xml:id="emdTTR3_Hall_anc_3"/>malefactors<anchor xml:id="emdTTR3_Hall_anc_4"/><note type="editorial">Criminals, felons (<ref type="bibl" target="#OEDT2"><title level="m">OED</title>
               <term>malefactor</term>, n. 1</ref>).</note> have not too large a scope, nor the hearts of the good
            people, by too much extremity, be neither sorrowfully daunted, nor unkindly kept under. <anchor xml:id="emdTTR3_Hall_anc_89"/>Oh I am so sleepy, that I must <anchor xml:id="emdTTR3_Hall_anc_5"/>make an end<anchor xml:id="emdTTR3_Hall_anc_6"/><note type="editorial">Come to a conclusion (both in speech and in life).</note>, and now before you all I commend my soul to almighty God, my savior and redeemer: my body to the worms of the earth, my kingdom to the prince my son, and to you my loving friends my heart, my trust, and my whole confidence<anchor xml:id="emdTTR3_Hall_anc_90"/></quote>. And even with that, he fell on sleep: after divers such charitable <anchor xml:id="emdTTR3_Hall_anc_7"/>monitions<anchor xml:id="emdTTR3_Hall_anc_8"/><note type="editorial">Instructions, directions (<ref type="bibl" target="#OEDT2"><title level="m">OED</title>
               <term>monition</term>, n. 1</ref>).</note> and exhortations (as the pangs and fits of his sickness would permit him) sometime to his nobility, sometime to his familiar friends, made and declared, his malady suddenly increased, and
            grew to so painful an extremity, that short death was sooner of him required than longer life desired, wishing rather departing out of this world than to abide the painful smart of his dolorous pangs. Wherefore, <anchor xml:id="emdTTR3_Hall_anc_9"/>Atropos<anchor xml:id="emdTTR3_Hall_anc_10"/><note type="editorial">One of the three Moirai, the Fates who determined the fate of every human.</note> having compassion, of his continual languishing, and daily agony, disrupted and <anchor xml:id="emdTTR3_Hall_anc_11"/>broke the thread<anchor xml:id="emdTTR3_Hall_anc_12"/><note type="editorial">Atropos cut the thread of life at the point of death.</note> of his natural life, the 9th day of April, in the year of our Lord, 1483 and in the fiftieth year of his bodily age, when he had reigned over this realm more in trouble than perfect quietness.</p>
         
         <p xml:id="emdTTR3_Hall_p2">The young king at the death of his father kept household at <anchor xml:id="emdTTR3_Hall_anc_13"/>Ludlow<anchor xml:id="emdTTR3_Hall_anc_14"/><note type="editorial">The prince of Wales and duke of York lived at Ludlow Castle in Shropshire until their father’s death.</note>, for his father had sent him thither for justice to be done in the <anchor xml:id="emdTTR3_Hall_anc_15"/>Marches of Wales<anchor xml:id="emdTTR3_Hall_anc_16"/><note type="editorial">The borderland between England and Wales.</note>, to the end that by the authority of his presence, the wild Welshmen and evil-disposed persons should refrain from their accustomed murders and outrages. The governance of this young prince was committed to lord Anthony Woodville, earl Rivers and lord Scales, brother to the queen, a wise, hardy and honorable personage, as valiant of hands as politic of counsel and with him were associate other of the same party, and in effect everyone as he was nearer of kin unto the queen, so was he planted next about the prince. That drift by the queen seemed to be devised, whereby her blood might of right in tender youth be so planted in the princes’ favor, that afterward it should namely be eradicated out of the same.</p>
         
         <p xml:id="emdTTR3_Hall_p3">The queen being thus persuaded, sent word to the king and to her brother, that there was no cause nor need to assemble any people, and also the duke of Gloucester and other lords of his <anchor xml:id="emdTTR3_Hall_anc_17"/>bend<anchor xml:id="emdTTR3_Hall_anc_18"/><note type="editorial">Faction, party (<ref type="bibl" target="#OEDT2"><title level="m">OED</title>
            <term>bend</term>, n.3</ref>).</note>, wrote unto the king so reverently and to the queen’s friends there so lovingly, that they nothing earthly mistrusting, <anchor xml:id="emdTTR3_Hall_anc_93"/>brought the young king toward<anchor xml:id="emdTTR3_Hall_anc_20"/><note type="editorial">Bondage, custody,</note> London with a sober company in great haste (but not in good speed) till he came to <anchor xml:id="emdTTR3_Hall_anc_21"/>Northampton<anchor xml:id="emdTTR3_Hall_anc_22"/><note type="editorial">Northampton is a halfway point between Ludlow Castle and London.</note>, and from thence he removed to Stony Stratford. On which day, the two dukes and their bend came to Northampton, feigning that <anchor xml:id="emdTTR3_Hall_anc_23"/>Stony Stratford<anchor xml:id="emdTTR3_Hall_anc_24"/><note type="editorial">A small town in Buckinghamshire where Edward V rested the night before arriving in London for his coronation.</note> could not lodge them all<anchor xml:id="emdTTR3_Hall_anc_94"/>, where they found the earl Rivers, intending the next morning to have followed the king, and to be with him early in the morning. So that night, the dukes made to the earl Rivers friendly cheer, but as soon as they were departed very familiar with great courtesy in open sight and the earl Rivers <anchor xml:id="emdTTR3_Hall_anc_25"/>lodged<anchor xml:id="emdTTR3_Hall_anc_26"/><note type="editorial">Retired to bed.</note>: the two dukes with a few of their <anchor xml:id="emdTTR3_Hall_anc_27"/>privy<anchor xml:id="emdTTR3_Hall_anc_28"/><note type="editorial">Secret, subtle.</note> friends fell to council, wherein they spent a great part of the night, and in the dawning of the day they sent about privily to their servants in their lodgings to haste to horseback for their lords were in manner ready to ride, <anchor xml:id="emdTTR3_Hall_anc_29"/>whereup<anchor xml:id="emdTTR3_Hall_anc_30"/><note type="editorial">Whereupon (<ref type="bibl" target="#OEDT2"><title level="m">OED</title>
               <term>whereup</term>, adv. 1</ref>).</note> all their servants were ready ere the lord Rivers’ servants were awake. Now had the dukes taken the keys of the inn into their possession, so that none should <anchor xml:id="emdTTR3_Hall_anc_31"/>issue out<anchor xml:id="emdTTR3_Hall_anc_32"/><note type="editorial">Leave.</note> without their consent. And over this in the highway toward Stony Stratford, they set certain of their folks that should cause and compel to return again all persons that were passing from Northampton to Stony Stratford, saying that the dukes themselves would be the first that should come to the king from Northampton: thus they bare folks in hand. But when the earl Rivers understood the gates closed and the ways on every side beset, neither his servants, neither himself <anchor xml:id="emdTTR3_Hall_anc_33"/>suffered<anchor xml:id="emdTTR3_Hall_anc_34"/><note type="editorial">Permitted.</note> to go out, perceiving so great a thing without his knowledge, not begun for naught, comparing this present doing with the last night’s cheer, in so few hours so great a change, marvelously misliked it.</p>
         
         <p xml:id="emdTTR3_Hall_p4"><anchor xml:id="emdTTR3_Hall_anc_95"/>For James Tyrrell <anchor xml:id="emdTTR3_Hall_anc_35"/>devised<anchor xml:id="emdTTR3_Hall_anc_36"/><note type="editorial">Planned, determined.</note> that they should be murdered in their beds, and no blood shed<anchor xml:id="emdTTR3_Hall_anc_96"/>; to the execution whereof, he appointed Myles Forrest, one of the four that before <anchor xml:id="emdTTR3_Hall_anc_37"/>kept<anchor xml:id="emdTTR3_Hall_anc_38"/><note type="editorial">Watched over.</note> them, a fellow <anchor xml:id="emdTTR3_Hall_anc_39"/>flesh-bred<anchor xml:id="emdTTR3_Hall_anc_40"/><note type="editorial">Hardened, experienced.</note> in murder before time: and to him he joined one John Dighton, his own <anchor xml:id="emdTTR3_Hall_anc_41"/>horse-keeper<anchor xml:id="emdTTR3_Hall_anc_42"/><note type="editorial">A groom responsible for caring for horses (<ref type="bibl" target="#OEDT2"><title level="m">OED</title>
            <term>horse-keeper</term>, n.</ref>).</note>, a big broad square and strong knave. Then all the other being removed from them, this Myles Forrest and John Dighton about midnight, the <anchor xml:id="emdTTR3_Hall_anc_43"/>sely<anchor xml:id="emdTTR3_Hall_anc_44"/><note type="editorial">Innocent, harmless (<ref type="bibl" target="#OEDT2"><title level="m">OED</title>
               <term>seely</term>, adj. 5</ref>).</note> children lying in their beds, came into the chamber and suddenly lapped them up amongst the clothes and so bewrapped them and entangled them, keeping down by force the featherbed and pillows hard unto their mouths, that within a while they <anchor xml:id="emdTTR3_Hall_anc_45"/>smored<anchor xml:id="emdTTR3_Hall_anc_46"/><note type="editorial">Suffocated (<ref type="bibl" target="#OEDT2"><title level="m">OED</title>
                  <term>smore</term>, v. 1.a</ref>).</note> and stifled them, and their breaths failing, they gave up to God their innocent souls into the joys of Heaven, leaving to the tormentors their bodies dead in the bed, which after the wretches perceived, first by the struggling, with the pangs of death, and after long lying still to be throughly dead, they laid the bodies out upon the bed, and fetched James Tyrrell to see them, which when he saw them perfectly dead, he caused the murderers to bury them at the stair foot, meetly deep in the ground under a great heap of stones.</p>
         
         <p xml:id="emdTTR3_Hall_p5">Then rode James Tyrrell in great haste to king Richard, and showed him all the manner of the murder, who gave him great thanks, and as men say, there made him knight, but he allowed not their burial in so vile a corner, saying, that he would have them buried in a better place because they were a king’s sons: lo the honorable courage of a king, for he would recompence a detestable murder with a solemn <anchor xml:id="emdTTR3_Hall_anc_47"/>obsequy<anchor xml:id="emdTTR3_Hall_anc_48"/><note type="editorial">Funeral, ceremony.</note>. Whereupon a priest of Sir Robert Brakenbury’s took them up and buried them in such a place secretly as by the occasion of his death (which was very shortly after) which only knew it, the very truth could never yet be very well and perfectly known. For some say that king Richard caused the priest to take them up and douse them in lead and to put them in a coffin full of holes hooked at the ends with two hooks of iron, and so to cast them into <anchor xml:id="emdTTR3_Hall_anc_91"/>a place called the <anchor xml:id="emdTTR3_Hall_anc_49"/>Black-deeps<anchor xml:id="emdTTR3_Hall_anc_50"/><note type="editorial">The Black Deep is a channel in the Thames estuary which is an important shipping route used to navigate the shoals that lead into the North Sea.</note> at the Thames mouth, so that they should never rise up nor be seen again<anchor xml:id="emdTTR3_Hall_anc_92"/>. This was ye very truth unknown by reason that the said priest died so shortly and disclosed it never to any person that would utter it.</p>
         
         <p xml:id="emdTTR3_Hall_p6">Whether this Banastre <anchor xml:id="emdTTR3_Hall_anc_51"/>bewrayed<anchor xml:id="emdTTR3_Hall_anc_52"/><note type="editorial">Exposed, revealed (<ref type="bibl" target="#OEDT2"><title level="m">OED</title>
            <term>bewray</term>, v. 3</ref>).</note> the duke more for fear than <anchor xml:id="emdTTR3_Hall_anc_53"/>covetise<anchor xml:id="emdTTR3_Hall_anc_54"/><note type="editorial">Excessive greed (<ref type="bibl" target="#OEDT2"><title level="m">OED</title>
               <term>covetise</term>, n. 2.a</ref>).</note> many men do doubt: but sure it is, that <anchor xml:id="emdTTR3_Hall_anc_97"/>shortly after he had betrayed the duke his master, his son and heir <anchor xml:id="emdTTR3_Hall_anc_55"/>waxed<anchor xml:id="emdTTR3_Hall_anc_56"/><note type="editorial">Increasingly became.</note> mad and so died in a boar’s sty, his eldest daughter, of excellent beauty, was suddenly stricken with a foul leprosy, his second son very marvelously deformed of his limbs and made decrepit, his younger son in a small puddle was strangled and drowned, and he being of extreme age arraigned and found guilty of a murder and <anchor xml:id="emdTTR3_Hall_anc_57"/>by his clergy saved<anchor xml:id="emdTTR3_Hall_anc_58"/><note type="editorial">Was spared by proving his literacy. An accused offender who was able to prove their literacy by reading from the Bible could avoid the full weight of the law.</note>. And as for his thousand pound, king Richard gave him not one farthing, saying that he which would be untrue to so good a master would be false to all other, howbeit some say he had a small office or a farm to <anchor xml:id="emdTTR3_Hall_anc_59"/>stop his mouth<anchor xml:id="emdTTR3_Hall_anc_60"/><note type="editorial">Prevent him from speaking the truth.</note> withal<anchor xml:id="emdTTR3_Hall_anc_98"/>.</p>
         
         <p xml:id="emdTTR3_Hall_p7">After that <anchor xml:id="emdTTR3_Hall_anc_61"/>the earl<anchor xml:id="emdTTR3_Hall_anc_62"/><note type="editorial">Richmond.</note> had made his humble petition, and devout prayer to almighty God, beseeching him not only to send him most prosperous wind and sure passage in his journey, <anchor xml:id="emdTTR3_Hall_anc_63"/>but<anchor xml:id="emdTTR3_Hall_anc_64"/><note type="editorial">No, little.</note> also effectively desiring his goodness of aid [and] comfort in his necessity and victory and supremacy over his enemies, only accompanied with 2,000 men and a small number of ships, weighed up his anchors and hauled up his sails and in the <anchor xml:id="emdTTR3_Hall_anc_65"/>calends<anchor xml:id="emdTTR3_Hall_anc_66"/><note type="editorial">First days.</note> of August he sailed from <anchor xml:id="emdTTR3_Hall_anc_67"/>Harfleet<anchor xml:id="emdTTR3_Hall_anc_68"/><note type="editorial">The port of Harfleur.</note> with so prosperous a wind that the 7th day after his departure he arrived in Wales in the evening at a port called <anchor xml:id="emdTTR3_Hall_anc_69"/>Milford Haven<anchor xml:id="emdTTR3_Hall_anc_70"/><note type="editorial">This encompasses the Milford Haven Estuary Waterway in Pembrokeshire, on the southwest coast of Wales.</note>, and <anchor xml:id="emdTTR3_Hall_anc_71"/>incontinent<anchor xml:id="emdTTR3_Hall_anc_72"/><note type="editorial">Immediately.</note> took land and came to a place called <anchor xml:id="emdTTR3_Hall_anc_73"/>Dale<anchor xml:id="emdTTR3_Hall_anc_74"/><note type="editorial">A small village in Pembrokeshire.</note>, where he heard say that a certain company of his adversaries were laid in garrison to defend his arrival all the last winter. And the earl, at the sun rising removed to <anchor xml:id="emdTTR3_Hall_anc_75"/>Haverfordwest<anchor xml:id="emdTTR3_Hall_anc_76"/><note type="editorial">The village of Haverfordwest.</note>, being distant from Dale not fully ten mile, where he was applauded and received of the people with great joy, and he arrived there so suddenly that he was come and entered the town at the same time when the citizens had but knowledge of his coming. Here he heard news which were as untrue as they truly were reported to him in Normandy, that Rhys ap Thomas and John Savage with body and goods were determined to aid king Richard. While he and his company were somewhat appalled of town of Pembroke that refreshed and revived their frozen hearts and daunted courages. For Arnold Butler a valiant captain, which first asking pardon for his offences before time committed against the earl of Richmond, and that obtained, declared to him that the Pembrokians were ready to serve and <anchor xml:id="emdTTR3_Hall_anc_77"/>give their attendance<anchor xml:id="emdTTR3_Hall_anc_78"/><note type="editorial">Support in battle.</note> on their natural and immediate lord, Jasper earl of Pembroke.</p>
         
         <p xml:id="emdTTR3_Hall_p8">King Richard as the <anchor xml:id="emdTTR3_Hall_anc_79"/>fame<anchor xml:id="emdTTR3_Hall_anc_80"/><note type="editorial">Rumor, story.</note> went might have escaped and gotten safeguard by <anchor xml:id="emdTTR3_Hall_anc_81"/>flying<anchor xml:id="emdTTR3_Hall_anc_82"/><note type="editorial">Running away.</note>. For when they which were next about his person saw and perceived at the first joining of the battle the soldiers <anchor xml:id="emdTTR3_Hall_anc_101"/>faintly and nothing courageously to set on<anchor xml:id="emdTTR3_Hall_anc_102"/><note type="editorial">Refusing to fight properly against.</note> their enemies, and not only that, but also that some withdrew themselves <anchor xml:id="emdTTR3_Hall_anc_83"/>privily<anchor xml:id="emdTTR3_Hall_anc_84"/><note type="editorial">Secretly, stealthily.</note> out of the press and departed. <anchor xml:id="emdTTR3_Hall_anc_99"/>They began to suspect fraud and to smell treason, and not only exhorted but determinately advised him to save himself by flight<anchor xml:id="emdTTR3_Hall_anc_100"/>: and when the loss of the battle was imminent and apparent, they brought to him a swift and a light horse to convey him away. He which was not ignorant of the grudge and ill-will that the common people bore toward him, casting away all hope of fortunate success and happy chance to come, answered (as men say) that on that day he would make an end of all battles or else there finish his life. Such a great audacity and such a <anchor xml:id="emdTTR3_Hall_anc_85"/>stout stomach<anchor xml:id="emdTTR3_Hall_anc_86"/><note type="editorial">Bravery.</note> reigned in his body, for surely he knew this to be the day in the which it should be decided and determined whether he should peaceably obtain and enjoy his kingdom during his life, or else utterly forgo and be deprived of the same, with which to much hardiness he being overcome hastily closed his helmet and entered fiercely in to the hard battle, to the intent to obtain that day a quiet reign and regiment or else to finish there his unquiet life unfortunate governance. And so this miser at the same very point had like chance and fortune, as happeneth to such which in place of right Justice honesty following their sensual appetite, love, use, and embrace, mischief, tyranny, and unthriftiness. Surely these be examples of more vehemency than man’s tongue can express, to fear and <anchor xml:id="emdTTR3_Hall_anc_87"/>astun<anchor xml:id="emdTTR3_Hall_anc_88"/><note type="editorial">Amaze, astonish (<ref type="bibl" target="#OEDT2"><title level="m">OED</title>
            <term>astun</term>, v. 4</ref>).</note> such evil persons as will not live one hour vacant from doing and exercising cruelty mischief or outrageous living.</p>
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