How Sir Anthony Woodville was Imprisoned Author William Baldwin Editor Toby Malone Conversion and Remediation LEMDO Team Markup and Metadata LEMDO Team Copyright Holder (Content) Toby Malone Copyright Holder (XML and interface) University of Victoria Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada McMaster University Poculi Ludique Societas University of Waterloo University of Toronto Centre for Drama, Theatre & Performance Studies University of Victoria Friends of the ISE

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Modernized excerpts of How Sir Anthony Woodville, lord Rivers and Scales, governor of prince Edward, was with his nephew, lord Richard Grey, and other[s] causeless, imprisoned and cruelly murdered. Anno 1483. prepared from Mirror for Magistrates (Baldwin).

The king was bent too much to foolish pleasure: In banqueting he had so great delight, This made him grow in grossnessSize, bulkiness (OED grossness, n. 1). out of measure. Which as it kindleth carnal appetite, So quencheth it the liveliness of the spirit Whereof ensue such sickness and diseases, As none can cure, save death, that all displeases. The duke of Gloucester, that incarnate devil, ConfederedAligned, allied (OED confeder, v. 1.a). with the duke of Buckingham, With ekeAlso, as well as (OED eke, n.1 4). lord Hastings, hasty both to evil, To meet the king, in mourning habit came, (A cruel wolf, though clothed like a lamb) And at Northampton, whereas then I baited, They took their inn, as they on me had waited. The king that night at Stony Stratford lay, A town too small to harbor all his train: This was the cause why he was gone away. While I with other did behind remain: But will you see how falsely friends can feign? Not SinonThe crafty Greek spy who allowed himself to be captured during the Trojan War in order to deliver misinformation about the nature of the wooden horse. sly, whose fraud best fame rebukes, Was half so subtle as these double dukes. First to mine inn cometh in my brother false, Embraceth me: Well met, good brother Scales, And weeps withal. The other me enhalesGreets, welcomes. With, welcome cousin, now welcome out of Wales: O happy day, for now all stormy gales Of strife and rancor utterly are ’ssuaged, And we your own to live, or die, unwaged! This proffered service, sauced with salutations Immoderate, might cause me to suspect, For, commonly, in all dissimulations,Feigning, concealed hypocrisy (OED dissimulation, n. 1.a). Th’ excess of glaveringFlattery (OED glaver, v. 1). doth the guile detect. Reason refuseth falsehood to direct: The will therefore, for fear of being spied, Exceedeth mean, because it wanteth guide. This is the cause why such as feign to weep Do howl outright, or wailing cry, ah, ah! Tearing themselves, and straining sighs most deep: Why such dissemblers as would seem to laugh, Breathe not sigh, but bray out Ha! Ha! Ha! Why beggars feigning bravery are the proudest: Why cowards bragging boldness wrangleQuarrel, dispute (OED wrangle, n. 1). loudest. For commonly all that do counterfeit In anything exceed the natural mean, And that for fear of failing in their feat: But these conspirers couchedConcealed, hid. all so clean,Expertly. Through close demeanor, that their wiles did wean My heart from doubts, so many a false device, They forged fresh, to hide their enterprise. They supped with me, propounding friendly talk Of our affairs, still giving me the praise, And ever among the cups to me-ward walk: I drink to you, good coz, each traitor says: Our banquet done, when they should go their ways, They took their leave, oft wishing me good night, As heartily as any creature might. These glaverersFlatterers. gone, myself to rest I laid, And doubting nothing, soundly fell asleep. But suddenly my servants, sore afraid, Awaked me, and drawing sighs full deep: Alas, quoth one, my lord, we are betrayed. How so, quoth I, the dukes are gone their ways. Th’ have barred the gates, and borne away the keys. When I had opened the window to look out, There might I see the streets each were beset. My inn on each side compassed about With armed watchmen, all escapes to let: Thus had these NeroesMen resembling the Roman emperor Nero in displaying cruelty, tyranny, or profligacy (OED Nero, n. 1). caught me in their net, But to what end, I could not throughly guess. Such was my plainness,Innocence. such their doubleness. My conscience was so clear, I could not doubt Their deadly drift, which less apparent lay Because they caused their men return the route That rode toward Stony Stratford, as they say, Because the dukes will first be there today. For this (thought I) they hinder me in jest, For guiltless minds do easily deem the best. By thisBy this time. the dukes were come into mine inn, For they were lodged in another by. I got me to them, thinking it a sin Within my chamber cowardly to lie, And merrily I asked my brother why He used me so. He, stern, in evil sadness, Cried out: I arrest thee, traitor, for thy badness. How so, quoth I, whence riseth your suspicion? Thou art a traitor quoth he, I thee arrest. Arrest, quoth I, why, where is your commission? He drew his weapon, so did all the rest, Crying, yield thee, traitor! I, so sore distressed, Made no resistance, but was sent to ward,Prison. None save their servants assigned to my guard. This done, they sped them to the king in post,Great haste. And after their humble reverence to him done, They traitorously began to rule the roost. They picked a quarrel to my sister’s son Lord Richard Grey: the king would not be won T’ agree to them, yet they, against all reason, Arrested him, they said, for heinous treason. Sir Thomas Vaughan and Sir Richard Haute, Two worthy knights, were likewise apprehended. These all were guilty in one kind of fault: They would not likeSupport, endorse. the practice then pretended: And seeing the king was herewith sore offended, Back to Northampton they brought him again, And thence discharged most part of his train. There, lo! Duke Richard made himself protectorRivers accuses Richard of illegally appointing himself, but this decision was supported by council, as Baldwin himself notes in his Mirror for Magistrates entry from Richard’s perspective that The lords and commons all with one assent, / Protector made me both of land and king (Segar 382), which removes the question of a coup. More and Hall place the nomination of protector at a council meeting prior to Edward’s arrival from Ludlow (Wilson 302), while in The True Tragedy, the playwright adds Edward IV’s imprimatur. Of king and realm, by open proclamation, Though neither king nor queen were his elector. Thus he presumed by lawless usurpation: But will you see his deep dissimulation? He sent me a dish of daintiesDelicious treats, delicacies (OED dainty, n. 6). from his boardPlate. That day, and with it, this false friendly word: Commend me to him, all things shall be well, I am his friend, bid him be of good cheer. These news I prayed the messenger go tell My nephew Richard,The young Richard of York. whom I loved full dear: But what he meant by well, now shall you hear. He thought it well to have us quickly murdered, Which not long after, thoroughly he furthered. For straight from thence we closely were conveyed From jail to jail northward, we wistKnew. not whither. Where, after a while, we had in sunderSeparately. stayed, At last we met at Pomfret altogether. Sir Richard Ratcliffe bade us welcome thither, Who openly, all law and right contemned, Beheaded us, before we were condemned.