Pre-Formed Regular Expressions Technical Writer Janelle Jenstad Technical Writer Navarra Houldin Technical Writer Mahayla Galliford Technical Writer Nicole Vatcher Technical Writer Tracey El Hajj Proofreader Mahayla Galliford Proofreader Isabella Seales Project Director Janelle Jenstad Project Manager Mahayla Galliford Training and Documentation Lead Navarra Houldin Assistant Project Manager Samuel Seaberg Programmer Martin Holmes Programmer Illya Nokhrin Programmer Joey Takeda Junior Programmer Tracey El Hajj Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada

Released with Linked Early Modern Drama Online 1.0

 University of Victoria on the Linked Early Modern Drama Online Platform

This file is licensed under a CC BY-NC_ND 4.0 license, which means that it is freely downloadable without permission under the following conditions: (1) credit must be given to the author and LEMDO in any subsequent use of the files and/or data; (2) the content cannot be adapted or repurposed (except in quotations for the purposes of academic review and citation); and (3) commercial uses are not permitted without the knowledge and consent of the editor and LEMDO. This license allows for pedagogical use of the documentation in the classroom.

Linked Early Modern Drama Online

TEI Customization created by Martin Holmes, Joey Takeda, and Janelle Jenstad; documentation written by members of the LEMDO Team

Encoded in TEI P5 according to the LEMDO Customization and Encoding Guidelines

n/a

 Document Types All documents in LEMDO are either born-digital documents or primary documents. Within those two general categories, LEMDO offers additional ways to categorize a file. Born-digital Born-digital documents are anything other than primary texts Documentation Encoding and editorial guidelines; programming, processing, and rendering instructions; how-to instructions; element descriptions; and records of remediation. Responsibilities Responsibilities Project Manager A person responsible for managing the LEMDO project or a project within the LEMDO suite of anthologies. Project Director MARC Code List for Relators definition: A person or organization with primary responsibility for all essential aspects of a project, has overall responsibility for managing projects, or provides overall direction to a project manager. LEMDO uses the term project director for the person who directs the LEMDO project. For anthology leads, use pbd. Proofreader MARC Code List for Relators definition: A person who corrects printed matter. LEMDO uses the term proofreader for the person who performs minor corrections to a finalized document, which usually include typographical or rendering fixes. For copy-editing, use resp:edt_cpy. Programmer MARC Code List for Relators definition: A person, family, or organization responsible for creating a computer program. LEMDO usage aligns with that of MARC. Technical Writer MARC Code List for Relators definition: Writer of Technical Material: A person responsible for writing or compiling documentation of the project’s editorial, encoding, and programming practices. LEMDO usage aligns with that of MARC. Automatically generated this file by extracting its content from lemdo.lite.odd. Tracey El Hajj Tracey El Hajj

Junior Programmer 2019–2020. Research Associate 2020–2021. Tracey received her PhD from the Department of English at the University of Victoria in the field of Science and Technology Studies. Her research focuses on the algorhythmics of networked communications. She was a 2019–2020 President’s Fellow in Research-Enriched Teaching at UVic, where she taught an advanced course on Artificial Intelligence and Everyday Life. Tracey was also a member of the Map of Early Modern London team, between 2018 and 2021. Between 2020 and 2021, she was a fellow in residence at the Praxis Studio for Comparative Media Studies, where she investigated the relationships between artificial intelligence, creativity, health, and justice. As of July 2021, Tracey has moved into the alt-ac world for a term position, while also teaching in the English Department at the University of Victoria.

 Mahayla Galliford Mahayla Galliford

Project Manager, 2025-present; Assistant Project Manager, 2024-2025; Research Assistant, 2021-present. Mahayla Galliford (she/her) graduated from the University of Victoria with a BA (honours with distinction) in 2024, and an MA English in 2026. Mahayla’s undergraduate research explored early modern stage directions and civic water pageantry. Her SSHRC-funded MA thesis project focuses on transcribing, editing, and encoding early modern girls’ manuscripts, specifically Lady Rachel Fane’s May Masque in collaboration with LEMDO.

 Martin Holmes Martin Holmes

Martin Holmes has worked as a developer in the UVic’s Humanities Computing and Media Centre for over two decades, and has been involved with dozens of Digital Humanities projects. He has served on the TEI Technical Council and as Managing Editor of the Journal of the TEI. He took over from Joey Takeda as lead developer on LEMDO in 2020. He is a collaborator on the SSHRC Partnership Grant led by Janelle Jenstad.

 Navarra Houldin Navarra Houldin

Training and Documentation Lead 2025–present. LEMDO project manager 2022–2025. Textual remediator 2021–present. Navarra Houldin (they/them) completed their BA with a major in history and minor in Spanish at the University of Victoria in 2022. Their primary research was on gender and sexuality in early modern Europe and Latin America. They are continuing their education through an MA program in Gender and Social Justice Studies at the University of Alberta where they will specialize in Digital Humanities.

 Janelle Jenstad Janelle Jenstad

Janelle Jenstad is a Professor of English at the University of Victoria, Director of The Map of Early Modern London, and Director of Linked Early Modern Drama Online. With Jennifer Roberts-Smith and Mark Beatrice Kaethler, she co-edited Shakespeare’s Language in Digital Media: Old Words, New Tools (Routledge). She has edited John Stow’s A Survey of London (1598 text) for MoEML and is currently editing The Merchant of Venice (with Stephen Wittek) and Heywood’s 2 If You Know Not Me You Know Nobody for DRE. Her articles have appeared in Digital Humanities Quarterly, Elizabethan Theatre, Early Modern Literary Studies, Shakespeare Bulletin, Renaissance and Reformation, and The Journal of Medieval and Early Modern Studies. She contributed chapters to Approaches to Teaching Othello (MLA); Teaching Early Modern Literature from the Archives (MLA); Institutional Culture in Early Modern England (Brill); Shakespeare, Language, and the Stage (Arden); Performing Maternity in Early Modern England (Ashgate); New Directions in the Geohumanities (Routledge); Early Modern Studies and the Digital Turn (Iter); Placing Names: Enriching and Integrating Gazetteers (Indiana); Making Things and Drawing Boundaries (Minnesota); Rethinking Shakespeare Source Study: Audiences, Authors, and Digital Technologies (Routledge); and Civic Performance: Pageantry and Entertainments in Early Modern London (Routledge). For more details, see janellejenstad.com.

 Illya Nokhrin

Illya has a BA in English and Sociocultural Anthropology and an MA in English. Prior to joining the HCMC, he was a PhD candidate in English and Book History at the University of Toronto and worked on Records of Early English Drama and on the Modernist Archives Publishing Project. His work at the HCMC focuses on creating web-based applications for research projects led by members of the faculty of Humanities at the University of Victoria. This involves creating schemas for new and existing datasets, writing XSLT and build files to transform datasets into structured TEI and HTML formats, implementing staticSearch, and ensuring that new projects are Endings Principles compliant.

Samuel Seaberg Samuel Seaberg

Samuel Seaberg, a University of Victoria English undergrad, enjoys riding his bike. During the summer of 2025, he began working with LEMDO as a recipient of the Valerie Kuehne Undergraduate Research Award (VKURA). Unfortunately, due to his summer being spent primarily in working to establish an edition of Thomas Heywood’s If You Know Not Me, You Know Nobody, Part 2 and consequently working out how to represent multi-text works in a digital space, his bike has suffered severely of sheltered seclusion from the sun. Note: Samuel now works for LEMDO as the Assistant Project Manager, much to his bike’s chagrin.

 Isabella Seales Isabella Seales

Isabella Seales is a fourth year undergraduate completing her Bachelor of Arts in English at the University of Victoria. She has a special interest in Renaissance and Metaphysical Literature. She is assisting Dr. Jenstad with the MoEML Mayoral Shows anthology as part of the Undergraduate Student Research Award program.

 Joey Takeda Joey Takeda

Joey Takeda is LEMDO’s Consulting Programmer and Designer, a role he assumed in 2020 after three years as the Lead Developer on LEMDO.

 Nicole Vatcher Nicole Vatcher NV

Technical Documentation Writer, 2020–2022. Nicole Vatcher completed her BA (Hons.) in English at the University of Victoria in 2021. Her primary research focus was women’s writing in the modernist period.

 LEMDO Team The LEMDO Team is based at the University of Victoria and normally comprises the project director, the lead developer, project manager, junior developers(s), remediators, encoders, and remediating editors.
Prior Reading <ref target="learn_regex.xml">Introduction to Regular Expressions</ref>
Regex for All Edition Components

The regular expressions in this section are useful in multiple edition components (e.g., you may use them in annotations and critical paratexts).

Rationale Find Replace With Replaces quotation marks with q in converted files. "([\w][^"]+)"(([\W])|($)) (Note: constrain to text() in the XPath context) <q>$1</q>$2 LEMDO uses en dashes in date and number ranges. We frequently receive files from editors that contain hyphens. This converts such hyphens to en dashes (without converting the hyphens that occur in the dates that are the values of attributes). (\d+)-(\d+) (Note: constrain to text() in the XPath context) $1–$2
Regex for Semi-Diplomatic Transcriptions

The regular expressions in this section are used in semi-diplomatic transcriptions that were converted from IML.

Rationale Find Replace With When you are working with IML-TEI converted texts, you may come across a lot of situations where an lb element appears right inside the ab of a speech, instead of before the sp tag. This removes those unwanted lb elements. Note: we recommend running this regex before adding renditions or making other changes to the file. (<sp>\s+<speaker>.+?</speaker>\s*<ab>\s*)(<lb/>) (Note: make sure you check Dot matches all) $2$1 This removes lb elements with n giving editorial line numbers. <lb\s+n="\d*\.*\d*"/> Leave empty When you convert a file from TCP or IML to TEI, there will likely be old facsimile links in the pb element. This removes old facsimile links. (<pb)\sfacs=".+?"(/>) $1$2 You may come across instances of the lb element appearing after sp rather than before it. This corrects order of elements. (<sp>\s+)(<lb/>\s*)(<speaker>.+?</speaker>) $2$1$3 Standardizes attribute order on forme works. Note: this regex should be run before running any other regex on forme works. <fw(\srendition="(\s*\w+:\w+)+")(\stype="\w+") Explanation of find regex: this regex has three backreference groups: (\srendition="(\s*\w+:\w+)+"): contains the rendition attribute and its value(s) (\s*\w+:\w+)+: accounts for one or more values on the rendition attribute (note that format for rendition values is rnd:[value]) (\stype="\w+"): contains the type attribute and its value <fw$3$1 Explanation of replace regex: by putting $3 before $1 in the replace, this regex places the type attribute before the rendition attribute, which will format the fw elements correctly for other regex. LEMDO’s default styling is to centre signature numbers. This removes unnecessary rendition attributes that only have the value rnd:centre from signature numbers. (<fw type="sig")\srendition="rnd:centre" $1 LEMDO’s default styling is to align catch words to the right. This removes unnecessary rendition attributes that only have the value rnd:right from catch words. (<fw type="catch")\srendition="rnd:right" $1 Removes unnecessary space from between the letter and number of signature marks (<fw type="sig">[a-zA-Z]+)\s(\d</fw>) Explanation of find regex: this find has two backreference groups that are kept in the conversion: (<fw type="sig">[a-zA-Z]+): contains the opening fw tag, all of the attributes on it, and the letter of the signature mark. (\d</fw>): contains the number of the signature mark and the closing /fw tag. <fw type="sig"> … </fw>: constrains the search to text encoded as signature marks. [a-zA-Z]+: indicates the letter or letters in the signature mark. They may be capital or lower case letters, and there will be at least one (there may be more than one in long books with lots of gatherings). \s: indicates the space between the letter and number. This will be removed in the conversion. \d: indicates the number in the signature mark. $1$2 Explanation of replace regex: $1: Keeps the first backreference group during the conversion process. $2: Keeps the second backreference group during the conversion process. By excluding the \s from the replace, we eliminate the unwanted space. Removes italic and centre tagging from running titles. Note: after running this, always also run the regex to remove empty rendition attributes. (<fw\stype="runningTitle"\srendition=")((\s*rnd:centre)|(\s*rnd:italic)|(\s*(rnd:\w+)))*" $1$6" Removes empty rendition attributes. Note: run this after using regex to remove values from rendition attributes. \srendition="" Leave empty Removes italic and centre tagging on hi elements in running titles. Note: after running this, always also run the regex to remove empty hi elements. (<hi\srendition=")((\s*rnd:centre)|(\s*rnd:italic)|(\s*(rnd:\w+)))*" (Note: constrain to //fw[contains(@type, 'runningTitle')] in the XPath field) $1$6 Removes empty hi elements after getting rid of values. Note: run this after using regex to remove values from rendition attributes on the hi element. <hi\srendition="">(.+?)<\hi> $1 Removes italic tagging on speaker elements. Note: after running this, always also run the regex to remove empty rendition attributes. (<speaker\srendition=")((\s*rnd:italic)|(\s*(\w+:\w+)))*" $1$5" Removes italic tagging on hi elements in speech prefixes and adds hi elements with rnd:normal around characters in roman type. Note: after running this, always also run the regex to remove empty hi elements and the regex to remove hi elements with empty text nodes. (<speaker>)(.+?)*(<hi\srendition=")((\s*rnd:italic)|(\s*(\w+:\w+)))*">(.+?)*(</speaker>) $1<hi rendition="rnd:normal">$2</hi>$3<hi rendition="rnd:normal">$4</hi>$5 Removes hi element with empty text nodes. <hi\srendition=".+?"></hi> Leave empty Standardizes the order of attributes on the stage element. Note: run this regex before running any other regex on stage directions. (<stage)(\srendition="(\s*(\w+:\w+))+")(\stype="(\s*\w+)+") $1$5$2 Removes italic tagging on stage elements. Note: after running this, always also run the regex to remove empty rendition attributes. (<hi\srendition=")((\s*rnd:italic)|(\s*(rnd:\w+)))*" (Note: constrain to //stage in the XPath field) $1$5 Removes italic tagging using the hi element in stage directions. Note: after running this, always also run the regex to remove empty hi elements. (<hi\srendition=")((\s*rnd:italic)|(\s*(rnd:\w+)))*" (Note: constrain to //stage in the XPath field) $1$5" Removes who attributes <sp who="#\w+"> Explanation of find regex: <sp>: Constrains the search to sp elements. who="#\w+": Searches for the who attribute. This is the section that will be removed during the conversion. The hash character indicates that every value for the who attribute is prefixed by a hash character. \w indicates that the value following the hash character may consist of alphanumeric characters and underscores (word characters). The plus sign indicates that there will be one or more word character. <sp> Removes rnd:justify. Note: after running this, always also run the regex to remove empty hi elements. \srendition="rnd:justify" Leave empty Removes supplied page numbers on the n attribute on the pb element (<pb\sn=")\d+;\s(\w+"/>) $1$2 The XSLT conversion to programmatically number lines in semi-diplomatic transcriptions puts the n attribute before the type attribute. While this is valid XML, LEMDO opts for the type attribute to appear before the n attribute. Consistency ensures easy searchability across our repository. This regex reorders the attributes so that they are consistent. (<lb)(\sn="\d+")(\stype="wln")(/>) $1$3$2$4
Regex for Modernized Texts

The regular expressions in this section are used in modernized texts that were converted from IML.

Rationale Find Replace With Adds n attribute to div elements <div type="(\w+)" xml:id="([a-zA-Z]+_\w*)_([a-z])(\d+)"> <div type="$1" n="$4" xml:id="$2_$3$4">
Other Resources LEMDO YouTube video: Modernization (Technical): Regular Expressions Jan Goyvaerts’s Regular-Expressions.info