Elizabeth Becomes Queen Elizabeth Becomes Queen Author Marley Chamberlain Supervising Editor Kate McPherson Editor Kate McPherson Copy Editor Leah Hamby Senior Encoder Leah Hamby Encoding and Metadata LEMDO Team Copyright Holder (Content) Kate McPherson Copyright Holder (XML and interface) University of Victoria Early Modern England Encyclopedia EMEE

Anthology Leads: Kate McPherson and Kate Moncrief.

 Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada Mitacs Globalink Research Internship Utah Valley University

Released with Early Modern England Encyclopedia 1.0a

 University of Victoria on the Linked Early Modern Drama Online Platform

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Early Modern England Encyclopedia

By Marley Chamberlain, inspired by Michael Best’s Shakespeare’s Life and Times, Internet Shakespeare Editions

Encoded in TEI P5 according to the LEMDO Customization and Encoding Guidelines

This document uses Canadian English spelling

 Document Types All documents in LEMDO are either born-digital documents or primary documents. Within those two general categories, LEMDO offers additional ways to categorize a file. Born-digital Born-digital documents are anything other than primary texts Critical Critical material, such as a general introduction or a textual introduction. Responsibilities Responsibilities Author A person, family, or organization responsible for creating a work that is primarily textual in content, regardless of media type (e.g., printed text, spoken word, electronic text, tactile text) or genre (e.g., poems, novels, screenplays, blogs). Use also for persons, etc., creating a new work by paraphrasing, rewriting, or adapting works by another creator such that the modification has substantially changed the nature and content of the original or changed the medium of expression. LEMDO uses the term author in two contexts: (1) to indicate the author of a primary work or document (such as Hamlet), and (2) to indicate the author of a secondary text (such as the Critical Introduction to <title level="m">Hamlet, by David Bevington). Editor A person, family, or organization contributing to a resource by revising or elucidating the content, e.g., adding an introduction, notes, or other critical matter. An editor may also prepare a resource for production, publication, or distribution. For major revisions, adaptations, etc., that substantially change the nature and content of the original work, resulting in a new work, see author. LEMDO uses the general term editor only in edition metadata and only to indicate when a person is responsible for editing all parts of an edition. Otherwise, use the more granular terms to describe the precise nature of the editorial role. Supervising Editor An editor who supervises the work of a student editor. Copy Editor LEMDO uses the term owner for the person who checks facts, quotations, and citations; may make formatting changes; may convert from one citation style to another; may suggest wording changes; and enforces conformity with the project style guide. Markup Editor A person or organization performing the coding of SGML, HTML, or XML markup of metadata, text, etc. Gloss needed. Copyright Holder A person or organization to whom copy and legal rights have been granted or transferred for the intellectual content of a work. The copyright holder, although not necessarily the creator of the work, usually has the exclusive right to benefit financially from the sale and use of the work to which the associated copyright protection applies. Normally the editor is the copyright holder for an LEMDO edition. EMEE Keywords Culture Learn about the customs, beliefs, and daily lives of people in early modern England. Daily Life London Published file. Updated metadata proofed Review of article finished. updated author respStmt. swapped the desc and figDescs to be correct. added figure and image citation. Created File. Michael Best Michael Best

Michael Best is Professor Emeritus at the University of Victoria, BC. He founded the Internet Shakespeare Editions in 1996, and was Coordinating Editor until 2017, contributing two editions to the ISE: King John and King Lear (the latter also available in print from Broadview Press). In print, he has published editions of works of Elizabethan magic and huswifery, a collection of letters from the Australian goldfields, and Shakespeare on the Art of Love (2008). He contributed regular columns for the Shakespeare Newsletter on Electronic Shakespeares, and has written many articles and chapters for both print and online books and journals, principally on questions raised by the new medium in the editing and publication of texts. He has delivered papers and plenary lectures on electronic media and the Internet Shakespeare Editions at conferences in Canada, the USA, the UK, Spain, Australia, and Japan.

 Marley Chamberlain Marley Chamberlain

Marley Chamberlain was a student at Utah Valley University.

 Leah Hamby Leah Hamby

Leah Hamby is the primary encoder for the Early Modern England Encyclopedia. Aside from encoding, she also works as an editor for the project and contributed several articles of her own. She has been working on the EMEE since February 2023. As of February 2026, she is soon to graduate with honours from Utah Valley University with a major in history and a minor in creative writing. Her other work with the LEMDO program includes remediating William Kemp’s Kemp’s Nine Day’s Wonder for the Digital Renaissance Editions.

 Navarra Houldin Navarra Houldin

Training and Documentation Lead 2025–present. LEMDO project manager 2022–2025. Textual remediator 2021–present. Navarra Houldin (they/them) completed their BA with a major in history and minor in Spanish at the University of Victoria in 2022. Their primary research was on gender and sexuality in early modern Europe and Latin America. They are continuing their education through an MA program in Gender and Social Justice Studies at the University of Alberta where they will specialize in Digital Humanities.

 Kate McPherson Kate McPherson

Kate McPherson is Professor of English and Honors Program Director at Utah Valley University (Orem, UT, USA). In 2015, she began working to redevelop Shakespeare’s Life and Times, created by Michael Best, into the Early Modern England Encyclopedia. Her other publications include commentary on Pericles and The Comedy of Errors for the New Oxford Shakespeare (2016); the co-edited volumes Stages of Engagement: Drama and Religion in Post-Reformation England with James Mardock (Duquesne University Press, 2014) and Shakespeare Expressed: Page, Stage, and Classroom in Shakespeare and His Contemporaries, with Kathryn M. Moncrief and Sarah Enloe (Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, 2013). With Kathryn M. Moncrief, Kate has also two edited collections, Performing Pedagogy in Early Modern England: Gender, Instruction, and Performance (Ashgate, 2011) and Performing Maternity in Early Modern England (Ashgate 2008). She has also published numerous articles on early modern maternity in scholarly journals. Kate participated in the 2008 National Endowment for the Humanities Institute, Shakespeare’s Blackfriars: The Study, the Stage, the Classroom, at the American Shakespeare Center. She also served as Play Seminar Director, a public humanities position, for the Utah Shakespeare Festival in 2017 and 2018.

 LEMDO Team The LEMDO Team is based at the University of Victoria and normally comprises the project director, the lead developer, project manager, junior developers(s), remediators, encoders, and remediating editors. University of Victoria https://www.uvic.ca/
Overview

Queen Elizabeth Tudor ascended the throne of England on November 17th, 1558 at age 25 after the death of her half-sister, Mary Tudor. Elizabeth’s reign brought both hope and uncertainty to a country full of political and religious turmoil. Her Protestant values brought optimism to many for the return of the Protestant religion introduced by Elizabeth’s father, King Henry VIII, along with weariness from devout Catholics about the new religion of the country. Uncertainty also surrounded Elizabeth’s unmarried status, which would continue for the rest of her life. Marriage would have formed alliances and produced an heir to the throne, but it would also have meant the loss of some of her authority as monarch. Elizabeth’s ascension to the throne is now viewed as the birth of a new era for England.

Portrait of Elizabeth I, wearing a gold dress and cape while holding an orb and scepter. c.1600 CE Artist unknown, from a lost image in 1559. The image is in the public domain courtesy of the National Portrait Gallery.
Procession and Pageants

The coronation was preceded by Elizabeth’s procession through the streets between the Tower of London and Westminster Abbey with stops for five elaborate pageants sponsored by the City of London along the way. The pageants featured many allegorical characters such as Wisdom, Justice, Pure Religion, and Love of Subjects or vices such as Insolence, Ignorance, and Superstition. In one pageant, eight children enacted the eight blessings of God. At one point, it was reported that Elizabeth spoke directly to the people: Her Grace, by holding up her hands and merry countenance to such as stood far off, and most tender and gentle language to those that stood nigh to her Grace, did declare herself no less thankfully to receive her people’s good will, than they lovingly opened it unto her.

The procession was a tradition to ensure that the citizens of England, specifically those in the city of London, were familiar with and respected their new monarch. It also offered a chance for the City of London officials and the members of the powerful trade guilds and livery companies to communicate to the new queen the values they wanted her to emulate.

At one point, the City presented the Queen with a thousand gold marks in a crimson satin purse. She spoke in thanks, I thank my Lord Mayor, his brethren and you all. And whereas your request is that I should continue your good Lady and Queen, be ye ensured that I will be as good unto you as ever queen was unto her people. No will in me can lack, neither, do I trust, shall there lack any power. And persuade yourselves that for the safety and quietness of you all, I will not spare, if need be to spend my blood. God thank you all.

Coronation

Elizabeth I’s coronation took place on January 15th, 1559 almost two months after her ascension to the throne. The astronomer and mathematician John Dee chose the date of the coronation. The coronation was presented in the traditional Latin, and the crowning and anointing was performed by Owen Oglethorpe, a Catholic bishop. Although the coronation was performed by a Catholic bishop, documentation exists that Queen Elizabeth was not present for the Catholic mass served at the coronation.

Religion

Elizabeth’s ascension to the throne also meant the nation would refocus on the Protestant religion introduced by King Henry VIII in 1536 and practiced by most of the commoners in London. Although Elizabeth claimed the religion of her father rather than Catholicism, her actions at the beginning of her reign were viewed as more moderate in approach. She kept Catholic symbols such as the cross and minimized the importance of sermons, something very important to the Protestant religion. This moderation helped ease the transition of the new queen and set up her reign as a beloved monarch of the people.

Key Print Sources Levin, Carole. The Queen Elizabeth I Society: The First Ten Years. Explorations in Renaissance Culture, no. 1, 2011, p. 5. Knight, Sarah, et al. The Progresses, Pageants, and Entertainments of Queen Elizabeth I. OUP Oxford, 2007. Rowse, A. L. The Coronation of Queen Elizabeth: On January 16th, 1559, England’s Twenty-Five-Year-Old Sovereign Left Whitehall to Be Crowned Queen. Originally published May 1953. History, no. 5, 2003, p. 18. Accessed 18 Nov. 2018. Starkey, David. Elizabeth: The Struggle for the Throne. Harper, 2001. Stump, Donald and Susan M. Felch. Elizabeth I and Her Age: A Norton Critical Edition. W.W. Norton, 2009.
Key Online Sources Best, Michael. Elizabeth’s Accession to the Throne. Shakespeare’s Life and Times. Internet Shakespeare Editions. University of Victoria. 2023. https://internetshakespeare.uvic.ca/Library/SLT/history/elizabeth/accession.html. Accessed 18 Nov. 2018. Farris, Charles. Elizabeth I’s Coronation Procession from the Tower of London. Historic Royal Palaces. https://www.hrp.org.uk/blog/elizabeth-i-s-coronation-procession-from-the-tower-of-london/. Accessed 27 Jan. 2026.
Image Source Queen Elizabeth I. C. 1600. Oil on panel. National Portrait Gallery. Wikimedia. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Elizabeth_I_in_coronation_robes_detail.jpg.