Hamlet, Folio Modern

1.1 Enter Barnardo and Francisco, two sentinels. Barnardo Who’s there? Francisco Nay, answer me. Stand and unfold yourself. Barnardo Long live the King! Francisco Barnardo? Barnardo He. Francisco You come most carefully upon your hour. Barnardo ’Tis now struck twelve. Get thee to bed, Francisco, Francisco For this relief much thanks. ’Tis bitter cold, And I am sick at heart. Barnardo Have you had quiet guard? Francisco Not a mouse stirring. Barnardo Well, goodnight. If you do meet Horatio and Marcellus, The rivals of my watch, bid them make haste. Enter Horatio and Marcellus. Francisco I think I hear them.—Stand! Who’s there? Horatio Friends to this ground. Marcellus And liegemen to the Dane. Francisco Give you good night. Marcellus Oh, farewell, honest soldier. Who hath relieved you? Francisco Barnardo has my place. Give you good night. Exit Francisco. Marcellus Holla, Barnardo! Barnardo Say, what, is Horatio there? Horatio A piece of him. Barnardo Welcome, Horatio. Welcome, good Marcellus. Marcellus What, has this thing appeared again tonight? Barnardo I have seen nothing. Marcellus Horatio says ’tis but our fantasy, And will not let belief take hold of him, Touching this dreaded sight twice seen of us. Therefore I have entreated him along With us, to watch the minutes of this night, That if again this apparition come He may approve our eyes and speak to it. Horatio Tush, tush, ’twill not appear. Barnardo Sit down awhile, And let us once again assail your ears, That are so fortified against our story, What we two nights have seen. Horatio Well, sit we down, And let us hear Barnardo speak of this. Barnardo Last night of all, When yond same star that’s westward from the pole Had made his course t’illume that part of heaven Where now it burns, Marcellus and myself, The bell then beating one— Enter the Ghost. Marcellus Peace, break thee off! Look where it comes again! Barnardo In the same figure like the King that’s dead. Marcellus Thou art a scholar. Speak to it, Horatio. Barnardo Looks it not like the King? Mark it, Horatio. Horatio Most like. It harrows me with fear and wonder. Barnardo It would be spoke to. Marcellus Question it, Horatio. Horatio What art thou that usurp’st this time of night, Together with that fair and warlike form In which the majesty of buried Denmark Did sometimes march? By heaven, I charge thee speak! Marcellus It is offended. Barnardo See, it stalks away. Horatio Stay, speak, speak, I charge thee, speak! Exit the Ghost. Marcellus ’Tis gone, and will not answer. Barnardo How now, Horatio? You tremble and look pale. Is not this something more than fantasy? What think you on’t? Horatio Before my God, I might not this believe Without the sensible and true avouch Of mine own eyes. Marcellus Is it not like the King? Horatio As thou art to thyself. Such was the very armor he had on When he th’ambitious Norway combated. So frowned he once, when in an angry parle He smote the sledded Polacks on the ice. ’Tis strange. Marcellus Thus twice before, and just at this dead hour, With martial stalk hath he gone by our watch. Horatio In what particular thought to work I know not, But in the gross and scope of my opinion This bodes some strange eruption to our state. Marcellus Good now, sit down, and tell me, he that knows, Why this same strict and most observant watch So nightly toils the subject of the land, And why such daily cast of brazen cannon And foreign mart for implements of war; Why such impress of shipwrights, whose sore task Does not divide the Sunday from the week. What might be toward, that this sweaty haste Doth make the night joint-laborer with the day? Who is’t that can inform me? Horatio That can I. At least the whisper goes so: our last King, Whose image even but now appeared to us, Was, as you know, by Fortinbras of Norway, Thereto pricked on by a most emulate pride, Dared to the combat; in which our valiant Hamlet (For so this side of our known world esteemed him) Did slay this Fortinbras, who by a sealed compact Well ratified by law and heraldry Did forfeit, with his life, all those his lands Which he stood seized on, to the conqueror; Against the which a moiety competent Was gagèd by our King, which had returned To the inheritance of Fortinbras Had he been vanquisher, as, by the same cov’nant And carriage of the article design His fell to Hamlet. Now, sir, young Fortinbras, Of unimprovèd mettle, hot and full, Hath in the skirts of Norway here and there Sharked up a list of landless resolutes, For food and diet, to some enterprise That hath a stomach in’t, which is no other (And it doth well appear unto our state) But to recover of us by strong hand And terms compulsative those foresaid lands So by his father lost. And this, I take it, Is the main motive of our preparations, The source of this our watch, and the chief head Of this post-haste and rummage in the land. Enter Ghost again. But soft, behold: lo, where it comes again! I’ll cross it, though it blast me.—Stay, illusion! If thou hast any sound or use of voice, Speak to me! If there be any good thing to be done That may to thee do ease and grace to me, Speak to me! If thou art privy to thy country’s fate, Which happily foreknowing may avoid, Oh, speak! Or if thou hast uphoarded in thy life Extorted treasure in the womb of earth, For which, they say, you spirits oft walk in death, Speak of it. Stay and speak!—Stop it, Marcellus! Marcellus Shall I strike at it with my partisan? Horatio Do, if it will not stand. Barnardo ’Tis here. Horatio ’Tis here. Marcellus ’Tis gone. Exit Ghost. We do it wrong, being so majestical, To offer it the show of violence, For it is as the air, invulnerable, And our vain blows malicious mockery. Barnardo It was about to speak when the cock crew. Horatio And then it started, like a guilty thing Upon a fearful summons. I have heard The cock, that is the trumpet to the day, Doth with his lofty and shrill-sounding throat Awake the god of day, and, at his warning, Whether in sea or fire, in earth or air, Th’extravagant and erring spirit hies To his confine. And of the truth herein This present object made probation. Marcellus It faded on the crowing of the cock. Some says that ever ’gainst that season comes Wherein our Savior’s birth is celebrated, The bird of dawning singeth all night long, And then, they say, no spirit can walk abroad; The nights are wholesome, then no planets strike, No fairy talks, nor witch hath power to charm, So hallowed and so gracious is the time. Horatio So have I heard, and do in part believe it. But look, the morn in russet mantle clad Walks o’er the dew of yon high eastern hill. Break we our watch up, and by my advice Let us impart what we have seen tonight Unto young Hamlet. For, upon my life, This spirit, dumb to us, will speak to him. Do you consent we shall acquaint him with it, As needful in our loves, fitting our duty? Marcellus Let’s do’t, I pray, and I this morning know Where we shall find him most conveniently. Exeunt.

1.2 Enter Claudius, King of Denmark, Gertrude the Queen, Hamlet, Polonius, Laertes, and his sister Ophelia, Lords attendant. King Though yet of Hamlet our dear brother’s death The memory be green, and that it us befitted To bear our hearts in grief, and our whole kingdom To be contracted in one brow of woe, Yet so far hath discretion fought with nature That we with wisest sorrow think on him Together with remembrance of ourselves. Therefore our sometimes sister, now our queen, Th’imperial jointress of this warlike state, Have we, as ’twere, with a defeated joy, With one auspicious and one dropping eye, With mirth in funeral and with dirge in marriage, In equal scale weighing delight and dole, Taken to wife. Nor have we herein barred Your better wisdoms, which have freely gone With this affair along. For all, our thanks. Now follows, that you know young Fortinbras, Holding a weak supposal of our worth, Or thinking by our late dear brother’s death Our state to be disjoint and out of frame, Co-leaguèd with the dream of his advantage, He hath not failed to pester us with message Importing the surrender of those lands Lost by his father, with all bonds of law, To our most valiant brother. So much for him. Enter Voltemand and Cornelius. Now for ourself, and for this time of meeting, Thus much the business is: we have here writ To Norway, uncle of young Fortinbras, Who, impotent and bed-rid, scarcely hears Of this his nephew’s purpose, to suppress His further gait herein, in that the levies, The lists, and full proportions are all made Out of his subject; and we here dispatch You, good Cornelius, and you, Voltemand, For bearing of this greeting to old Norway, Giving to you no further personal power To business with the King more than the scope Of these dilated articles allow. Farewell, and let your haste commend your duty. Voltemand In that and all things will we show our duty. King We doubt it nothing. Heartily farewell. Exit Voltemand and Cornelius. And now, Laertes, what’s the news with you? You told us of some suit. What is’t, Laertes? You cannot speak of reason to the Dane And lose your voice. What wouldst thou beg, Laertes, That shall not be my offer, not thy asking? The head is not more native to the heart, The hand more instrumental to the mouth, Than is the throne of Denmark to thy father. What wouldst thou have, Laertes? Laertes Dread my lord, Your leave and favor to return to France, From whence though willingly I came to Denmark To show my duty in your coronation, Yet now I must confess, that duty done, My thoughts and wishes bend again towards France And bow them to your gracious leave and pardon. King Have you your father’s leave? What says Polonius? Polonius He hath, my lord. I do beseech you, give him leave to go. Claudius Take thy fair hour, Laertes. Time be thine, And thy best graces spend it at thy will. But now, my cousin Hamlet, and my son— Hamlet A little more than kin, and less than kind. King How is it that the clouds still hang on you? Hamlet Not so, my lord, I am too much i’th’ sun. Queen Good Hamlet, cast thy nightly color off And let thine eye look like a friend on Denmark. Do not forever with thy vailèd lids Seek for thy noble father in the dust. Thou know’st ’tis common: all that lives must die, Passing through nature to eternity. Hamlet Ay, madam, it is common. Queen If it be, Why seems it so particular with thee? Hamlet Seems, madam? Nay, it is. I know not seems. ’Tis not alone my inky cloak, good mother, Nor customary suits of solemn black, Nor windy suspiration of forced breath, No, nor the fruitful river in the eye, Nor the dejected havior of the visage, Together with all forms, moods, shows of grief That can denote me truly. These indeed seem, For they are actions that a man might play. But I have that within which passeth show; These but the trappings and the suits of woe. King ’Tis sweet and commendable in your nature, Hamlet, To give these mourning duties to your father. But you must know, your father lost a father, That father lost, lost his, and the survivor bound In filial obligation for some term To do obsequious sorrow. But to persever In obstinate condolement is a course Of impious stubbornness. ’Tis unmanly grief. It shows a will most incorrect to heaven, A heart unfortified, a mind impatient, An understanding simple and unschooled; For what we know must be and is as common As any the most vulgar thing to sense, Why should we in our peevish opposition Take it to heart? Fie, ’tis a fault to heaven, A fault against the dead, a fault to nature, To reason most absurd, whose common theme Is death of fathers, and who still hath cried From the first corse till he that died today This must be so. We pray you throw to earth This unprevailing woe, and think of us As of a father; for let the world take note, You are the most immediate to our throne, And with no less nobility of love Than that which dearest father bears his son Do I impart towards you. For your intent In going back to school in Wittenberg, It is most retrograde to our desire, And we beseech you, bend you to remain Here in the cheer and comfort of our eye, Our chiefest courtier cousin, and our son. Queen Let not thy mother lose her prayers, Hamlet. I prithee stay with us, go not to Wittenberg. Hamlet I shall in all my best obey you, madam. King Why, ’tis a loving and a fair reply. Be as ourself in Denmark.—Madam, come. This gentle and unforced accord of Hamlet Sits smiling to my heart, in grace whereof No jocund health that Denmark drinks today But the great cannon to the clouds shall tell, And the King’s rouse the heavens shall bruit again, Respeaking earthly thunder. Come, away! Exeunt. Hamlet remains onstage. Hamlet Oh, that this too too solid flesh would melt, Thaw, and resolve itself into a dew! Or that the Everlasting had not fixed His canon ’gainst self-slaughter. O God, O God! How weary, stale, flat, and unprofitable Seems to me all the uses of this world! Fie on’t! Oh, fie, fie, ’tis an unweeded garden That grows to seed; things rank and gross in nature Possess it merely. That it should come to this! But two months dead—nay, not so much, not two. So excellent a king, that was to this Hyperion to a satyr; so loving to my mother That he might not beteem the winds of heaven Visit her face too roughly. Heaven and earth, Must I remember? Why, she would hang on him As if increase of appetite had grown By what it fed on; and yet within a month— Let me not think on’t. Frailty, thy name is woman! A little month, or ere those shoes were old With which she followed my poor father’s body, Like Niobe, all tears, why, she, even she— Oh, heaven! a beast that wants discourse of reason Would have mourned longer!—married with mine uncle, My father’s brother, but no more like my father Than I to Hercules. Within a month! Ere yet the salt of most unrighteous tears Had left the flushing of her gallèd eyes, She married. Oh, most wicked speed, to post With such dexterity to incestuous sheets! It is not, nor it cannot come to good, But break, my heart, for I must hold my tongue. Enter Horatio, Barnardo, and Marcellus. Horatio Hail to your lordship! Hamlet I am glad to see you well.— Horatio, or I do forget myself! Horatio The same, my lord, and your poor servant ever. Hamlet Sir, my good friend, I’ll change that name with you. And what make you from Wittenberg, Horatio?— Marcellus. Marcellus My good lord. Hamlet I am very glad to see you. To Barnardo. Good even, sir. To Horatio But what, in faith, make you from Wittenberg? Horatio A truant disposition, good my lord. Hamlet I would not have your enemy say so, Nor shall you do mine ear that violence To make it truster of your own report Against yourself. I know you are no truant. But what is your affair in Elsinore? We’ll teach you to drink deep ere you depart. Horatio My lord, I came to see your father’s funeral. Hamlet I pray thee do not mock me, fellow student. I think it was to see my mother’s wedding. Horatio Indeed, my lord, it followed hard upon. Hamlet Thrift, thrift, Horatio. The funeral baked meats Did coldly furnish forth the marriage tables. Would I had met my dearest foe in heaven Ere I had ever seen that day, Horatio! My father—methinks I see my father. Horatio Oh, where, my lord? Hamlet In my mind’s eye, Horatio. Horatio I saw him once. He was a goodly king. Hamlet He was a man, take him for all in all: I shall not look upon his like again. Horatio My lord, I think I saw him yesternight. Hamlet Saw? Who? Horatio My lord, the King your father. Hamlet The King my father? Horatio Season your admiration for a while With an attent ear, till I may deliver, Upon the witness of these gentlemen, This marvel to you. Hamlet For heaven’s love, let me hear! Horatio Two nights together had these gentlemen, Marcellus and Barnardo, on their watch In the dead waste and middle of the night Been thus encountered: a figure like your father Armed at all points exactly, cap-à-pie, Appears before them, and with solemn march Goes slow and stately. By them thrice he walked, By their oppressed and fear-surprisèd eyes, Within his truncheon’s length, whilst they, bestilled Almost to jelly with the act of fear, Stand dumb and speak not to him. This to me In dreadful secrecy impart they did, And I with them the third night kept the watch, Where, as they had delivered, both in time, Form of the thing, each word made true and good, The apparition comes. I knew your father. These hands are not more like. Hamlet But where was this? Marcellus My lord, upon the platform where we watched. Hamlet Did you not speak to it? Horatio My lord, I did, But answer made it none. Yet once methought It lifted up it head and did address Itself to motion, like as it would speak; But even then the morning cock crew loud, And at the sound it shrunk in haste away And vanished from our sight. Hamlet ’Tis very strange. Horatio As I do live, my honored lord, ’tis true; And we did think it writ down in our duty To let you know of it. Hamlet Indeed, indeed, sirs, but this troubles me. Hold you the watch tonight? Both We do, my lord. Hamlet Armed, say you? Both Armed, my lord. Hamlet From top to toe? Both My lord, from head to foot. Hamlet Then saw you not his face? Horatio Oh, yes, my lord, he wore his beaver up. Hamlet What, looked he frowningly? Horatio A countenance more in sorrow than in anger. Hamlet Pale, or red? Horatio Nay, very pale. Hamlet And fixed his eyes upon you? Horatio Most constantly. Hamlet I would I had been there. Horatio It would have much amazed you. Hamlet Very like, very like. Stayed it long? Horatio While one with moderate haste might tell a hundred. All Longer, longer. Horatio Not when I saw’t. Hamlet His beard was grizzly? No? Horatio It was, as I have seen it in his life, A sable silvered. Hamlet I’ll watch tonight. Perchance ’twill wake again. Horatio I warrant you it will. Hamlet If it assume my noble father’s person, I’ll speak to it, though hell itself should gape And bid me hold my peace. I pray you all, If you have hitherto concealed this sight, Let it be treble in your silence still. And whatsoever else shall hap tonight, Give it an understanding but no tongue; I will requite your loves. So, fare ye well. Upon the platform ’twixt eleven and twelve I’ll visit you. All Our duty to your honor. Exeunt all but Hamlet. Hamlet Your love, as mine to you. Farewell. My father’s spirit in arms! All is not well. I doubt some foul play. Would the night were come! Till then, sit still, my soul. Foul deeds will rise, Though all the earth o’erwhelm them, to men’s eyes. Exit.

1.3 Enter Laertes and Ophelia. Laertes My necessaries are imbarked. Farewell. And sister, as the winds give benefit And convoy is assistant, do not sleep But let me hear from you. Ophelia Do you doubt that? Laertes For Hamlet, and the trifling of his favors, Hold it a fashion and a toy in blood, A violet in the youth of primy nature, Froward, not permanent, sweet, not lasting, The suppliance of a minute? No more. Ophelia No more but so? Laertes Think it no more. For nature crescent does not grow alone In thews and bulk, but as his temple waxes The inward service of the mind and soul Grows wide withal. Perhaps he loves you now, And now no soil nor cautel doth besmirch The virtue of his will; but you must fear, His greatness weighed, his will is not his own, For he himself is subject to his birth. He may not, as unvalued persons do, Carve for himself, for on his choice depends The sanctity and health of the whole state, And therefore must his choice be circumscribed Unto the voice and yielding of that body Whereof he is the head. Then if he says he loves you, It fits your wisdom so far to believe it As he in his peculiar sect and force May give his saying deed, which is no further Than the main voice of Denmark goes withal. Then weigh what loss your honor may sustain, If with too credent ear you list his songs, Or lose your heart, or your chaste treasure open To his unmastered importunity. Fear it, Ophelia, fear it, my dear sister, And keep within the rear of your affection, Out of the shot and danger of desire. The chariest maid is prodigal enough If she unmask her beauty to the moon. Virtue itself scapes not calumnious strokes. The canker galls the infants of the spring Too oft before the buttons be disclosed, And in the morn and liquid dew of youth Contagious blastments are most imminent. Be wary, then; best safety lies in fear. Youth to itself rebels, though none else near. Ophelia I shall th’effect of this good lesson keep As watchmen to my heart. But, good my brother, Do not, as some ungracious pastors do, Show me the steep and thorny way to heaven, Whilst, like a puffed and reckless libertine, Himself the primrose path of dalliance treads, And recks not his own rede. Laertes Oh, fear me not. Enter Polonius. I stay too long. But here my father comes. A double blessing, is a double grace; Occasion smiles upon a second leave. Polonius Yet here, Laertes? Aboard, aboard, for shame! The wind sits in the shoulder of your sail, And you are stayed for there. My blessing with you, And these few precepts in thy memory See thou character. Give thy thoughts no tongue, Nor any unproportioned thought his act. Be thou familiar, but by no means vulgar. The friends thou hast, and their adoption tried, Grapple them to thy soul with hoops of steel, But do not dull thy palm with entertainment Of each unhatched, unfledged comrade. Beware Of entrance to a quarrel, but, being in, Bear’t that th’opposèd may beware of thee. Give every man thine ear, but few thy voice. Take each man’s censure, but reserve thy judgment. Costly thy habit as thy purse can buy, But not expressed in fancy—rich, not gaudy, For the apparel oft proclaims the man, And they in France of the best rank and station Are of a most select and generous chief in that. Neither a borrower nor a lender be, For loan oft loses both itself and friend, And borrowing dulls the edge of husbandry. This above all; to thine own self be true, And it must follow, as the night the day, Thou canst not then be false to any man. Farewell. My blessing season this in thee! Laertes Most humbly do I take my leave, my lord. Polonius The time invites you, go. Your servants tend. Laertes Farewell, Ophelia, and remember well What I have said to you. Ophelia ’Tis in my memory locked, And you yourself shall keep the key of it. Laertes Farewell. Exit Laertes. Polonius What is’t, Ophelia, he hath said to you? Ophelia So please you, something touching the Lord Hamlet. Polonius Marry, well bethought ’Tis told me he hath very oft of late Given private time to you, and you yourself Have of your audience been most free and bounteous. If it be so—as so ’tis put on me, And that in way of caution—I must tell you You do not understand yourself so clearly As it behooves my daughter and your honor. What is between you? Give me up the truth. Ophelia He hath, my lord, of late made many tenders Of his affection to me. Polonius Affection? Pooh! You speak like a green girl, Unsifted in such perilous circumstance. Do you believe his tenders, as you call them? Ophelia I do not know, my lord, what I should think. Polonius Marry, I’ll teach you. Think yourself a baby, That you have ta’en his tenders for true pay Which are not sterling. Tender yourself more dearly, Or—not to crack the wind of the poor phrase Roaming it thus—you’ll tender me a fool. Ophelia My lord, he hath importuned me with love In honorable fashion. Polonius Ay, fashion you may call it. Go to, go to. Ophelia And hath given countenance to his speech, My lord, with all the vows of heaven. Polonius Ay, springes to catch woodcocks. I do know When the blood burns, how prodigal the soul Gives the tongue vows. These blazes, daughter, Giving more light than heat, extinct in both Even in their promise as it is a-making, You must not take for fire. For this time, daughter, Be somewhat scanter of your maiden presence. Set your entreatments at a higher rate Than a command to parley. For Lord Hamlet, Believe so much in him that he is young, And with a larger tether may he walk Than may be given you. In few, Ophelia, Do not believe his vows, for they are brokers Not of the eye which their investments show, But mere implorators of unholy suits Breathing like sanctified and pious bonds The better to beguile. This is for all: I would not, in plain terms, from this time forth Have you so slander any moment leisure As to give words or talk with the Lord Hamlet. Look to’t, I charge you. Come your ways. Ophelia I shall obey, my lord. Exeunt.

1.4 Enter Hamlet, Horatio, Marcellus. Hamlet The air bites shrewdly; is it very cold? Horatio It is a nipping and an eager air. Hamlet What hour now? Horatio I think it lacks of twelve. Marcellus No, it is struck. Horatio Indeed? I heard it not. Then it draws near the season Wherein the spirit held his wont to walk. A flourish of trumpets, and two pieces go off. What does this mean, my lord? Hamlet The King doth wake tonight, and takes his rouse, Keeps wassails, and the swaggering upspring reels; And as he drains his drafts of Rhenish down The kettledrum and trumpet thus bray out The triumph of his pledge. Horatio Is it a custom? Hamlet Ay, marry, is’t, And to my mind, though I am native here And to the manner born, it is a custom More honored in the breach than the observance. Enter Ghost. Horatio Look, my lord, it comes! Hamlet Angels and ministers of grace defend us! Be thou a spirit of health or goblin damned, Bring with thee airs from heaven or blasts from hell, Be thy events wicked or charitable, Thou com’st in such a questionable shape That I will speak to thee. I’ll call thee Hamlet, King, father, royal Dane. Oh, oh, answer me! Let me not burst in ignorance, but tell Why thy canonized bones, hearsèd in death, Have burst their cerements, why the sepulcher Wherein we saw thee quietly inurned Hath oped his ponderous and marble jaws To cast thee up again? What may this mean, That thou, dead corse, again in compleat steel, Revisits thus the glimpses of the moon, Making night hideous, and we fools of nature So horridly to shake our disposition With thoughts beyond the reaches of our souls? Say, why is this? Wherefore? What should we do? Ghost beckons Hamlet. Horatio It beckons you to go away with it, As if it some impartment did desire To you alone. Marcellus Look with what courteous action It wafts you to a more removèd ground. But do not go with it. Horatio No, by no means. Hamlet It will not speak. Then will I follow it. Horatio Do not, my lord. Hamlet Why, what should be the fear? I do not set my life at a pin’s fee, And for my soul, what can it do to that, Being a thing immortal as itself? It waves me forth again. I’ll follow it. Horatio What if it tempt you toward the flood, my lord, Or to the dreadful summit of the cliff That beetles o’er his base into the sea, And there assumes some other horrible form Which might deprive your sovereignty of reason And draw you into madness? Think of it. Hamlet It wafts me still.—Go on, I’ll follow thee. Marcellus You shall not go, my lord. They attempt to restrain him. Hamlet Hold off your hand! Horatio Be ruled. You shall not go. Hamlet My fate cries out And makes each petty artery in this body As hardy as the Nemean lion’s nerve. Still am I called? Unhand me, gentlemen! By heav’n, I’ll make a ghost of him that lets me. I say, away!—Go on, I’ll follow thee. Exeunt Ghost and Hamlet. Horatio He waxes desperate with imagination. Marcellus Let’s follow. ’Tis not fit thus to obey him. Horatio Have after. To what issue will this come? Marcellus Something is rotten in the state of Denmark. Horatio Heaven will direct it. Marcellus Nay, let’s follow him. Exeunt.

1.5 Enter Ghost and Hamlet. Hamlet Where wilt thou lead me? Speak. I’ll go no further. Ghost Mark me. Hamlet I will. Ghost My hour is almost come When I to sulfurous and tormenting flames Must render up myself. Hamlet Alas, poor ghost! Ghost Pity me not, but lend thy serious hearing To what I shall unfold. Hamlet Speak. I am bound to hear. Ghost So art thou to revenge, when thou shalt hear. Hamlet What? Ghost I am thy father’s spirit, Doomed for a certain term to walk the night, And for the day confined to fast in fires, Till the foul crimes done in my days of nature Are burnt and purged away. But that I am forbid To tell the secrets of my prison house, I could a tale unfold whose lightest word Would harrow up thy soul, freeze thy young blood, Make thy two eyes like stars start from their spheres, Thy knotty and combinèd locks to part, And each particular hair to stand on end Like quills upon the fretful porpentine. But this eternal blazon must not be To ears of flesh and blood. List, Hamlet, oh, list: If thou didst ever thy dear father love— Hamlet O heaven! Ghost Revenge his foul and most unnatural murder. Hamlet Murder? Ghost Murder most foul, as in the best it is, But this most foul, strange, and unnatural. Hamlet Haste, haste me to know it, that with wings as swift As meditation, or the thoughts of love, May sweep to my revenge. Ghost I find thee apt, And duller shouldst thou be than the fat weed That rots itself in ease on Lethe wharf Wouldst thou not stir in this. Now, Hamlet, hear: It’s given out that, sleeping in mine orchard, A serpent stung me. So the whole ear of Denmark Is by a forgèd process of my death Rankly abused. But know, thou noble youth, The serpent that did sting thy father’s life Now wears his crown. Hamlet Oh, my prophetic soul! Mine uncle? Ghost Ay, that incestuous, that adulterate beast, With witchcraft of his wits, with traitorous gifts— Oh, wicked wit and gifts, that have the power So to seduce!—won to this shameful lust The will of my most seeming virtuous queen. Oh, Hamlet, what a falling off was there! From me, whose love was of that dignity That it went hand in hand even with the vow I made to her in marriage, and to decline Upon a wretch whose natural gifts were poor To those of mine. But virtue, as it never will be moved, Though lewdness court it in a shape of heaven, So lust, though to a radiant angel linked, Will sate itself in a celestial bed And prey on garbage. But soft, methinks I scent the morning’s air. Brief let me be. Sleeping within mine orchard, My custom always in the afternoon, Upon my secure hour, thy uncle stole With juice of cursèd hebenon in a vial, And in the porches of mine ears did pour The leperous distillment, whose effect Holds such an enmity with blood of man That swift as quicksilver it courses through The natural gates and alleys of the body, And with a sudden vigor it doth posset And curd like eager droppings into milk The thin and wholesome blood; so did it mine, And a most instant tetter baked about Most lazarlike with vile and loathsome crust All my smooth body. Thus was I, sleeping, by a brother’s hand Of life, of crown, and queen at once dispatched, Cut off even in the blossoms of my sin, Unhousled, disappointed, unaneled, No reckoning made, but sent to my account With all my imperfections on my head. Oh, horrible, oh, horrible, most horrible! If thou hast nature in thee, bear it not. Let not the royal bed of Denmark be A couch for luxury and damnèd incest. But howsoever thou pursuest this act, Taint not thy mind, nor let thy soul contrive Against thy mother aught; leave her to heaven And to those thorns that in her bosom lodge To prick and sting her. Fare thee well at once. The glow-worm shows the matin to be near And ’gins to pale his uneffectual fire. Adieu, adieu, Hamlet! Remember me. Exit. Hamlet Oh, all you host of heaven! Oh, earth! What else? And shall I couple hell? Oh, fie! Hold, my heart, And you, my sinews, grow not instant old, But bear me stiffly up. Remember thee? Ay, thou poor ghost, while memory holds a seat In this distracted globe. Remember thee? Yea, from the table of my memory I’ll wipe away all trivial fond records, All saws of books, all forms, all pressures past That youth and observation copied there, And thy commandment all alone shall live Within the book and volume of my brain, Unmixed with baser matter. Yes, yes, by heaven. Oh, most pernicious woman! Oh, villain, villain, smiling damnèd villain! My tables, my tables—meet it is I set it down, That one may smile, and smile, and be a villain. At least I’m sure it may be so in Denmark. So, uncle, there you are. Now to my word. It is Adieu, adieu, remember me. I have sworn’t. Horatio and Marcellus within My lord, my lord! Enter Horatio and Marcellus. Marcellus Lord Hamlet! Horatio Heaven secure him! Marcellus So be it. Horatio Illo, ho, ho, my lord! Hamlet Hillo, ho, ho, boy, come, bird, come! Marcellus How is’t, my noble lord? Horatio What news, my lord? Hamlet Oh, wonderful! Horatio Good my lord, tell it. Hamlet No, you’ll reveal it. Horatio Not I, my lord, by heaven. Marcellus Nor I, my lord. Hamlet How say you then, would heart of man once think it? But you’ll be secret? Both Ay, by heaven, my lord. Hamlet There’s ne’er a villain dwelling in all Denmark But he’s an arrant knave. Horatio There needs no ghost, my lord, come from the grave, To tell us this. Hamlet Why, right, you are i’th’ right. And so, without more circumstance at all, I hold it fit that we shake hands and part: You as your business and desires shall point you (For every man has business and desire, Such as it is), and for mine own poor part, Look you, I’ll go pray. Horatio These are but wild and hurling words, my lord. Hamlet I’m sorry they offend you—heartily, Yes, faith, heartily. Horatio There’s no offense, my lord. Hamlet Yes, by Saint Patrick, but there is, my lord, And much offense too. Touching this vision here, It is an honest ghost, that let me tell you. For your desire to know what is between us, O’ermaster’t as you may. And now, good friends, As you are friends, scholars, and soldiers, Give me one poor request. Horatio What is’t, my lord? We will. Hamlet Never make known what you have seen tonight. Both My lord, we will not. Hamlet Nay, but swear’t. Horatio In faith, my lord, not I. Marcellus Nor I, my lord, in faith. Hamlet Upon my sword. He holds out his sword. Marcellus We have sworn, my lord, already. Hamlet Indeed, upon my sword, indeed. Ghost cries under the stage. Ghost Swear. Hamlet Ah ha, boy, sayest thou so? Art thou there, truepenny?— Come on, you hear this fellow in the cellarage. Consent to swear. Horatio Propose the oath, my lord. Hamlet Never to speak of this that you have seen. Swear by my sword. Ghost Swear. They swear. Hamlet Hic et ubique? Then we’ll shift for ground. He moves them to another spot. Come hither, gentlemen, And lay your hands again upon my sword, Never to speak of this that you have heard. Swear by my sword. Ghost Swear. They swear. Hamlet Well said, old mole. Canst work i’th’ ground so fast? A worthy pioneer!—Once more remove, good friends. They move once more. Horatio Oh, day and night, but this is wondrous strange. Hamlet And therefore as a stranger give it welcome. There are more things in heaven and earth, Horatio, Than are dreamt of in our philosophy. But come, Here as before: never, so help you mercy, How strange or odd soe’er I bear myself (As I perchance hereafter shall think meet To put an antic disposition on), That you at such time seeing me never shall, With arms encumbered thus, or thus headshake, Or by pronouncing of some doubtful phrase As, Well, we know, or We could an if we would, Or If we list to speak, or There be an if there might, Or such ambiguous giving out, to note That you know aught of me. This not to do, So grace and mercy at your most need help you, Swear. Ghost Swear. They swear. Hamlet Rest, rest, perturbèd spirit. So, gentlemen, With all my love I do commend me to you, And what so poor a man as Hamlet is May do t’express his love and friending to you, God willing, shall not lack. Let us go in together, And still your fingers on your lips, I pray. The time is out of joint. Oh, cursèd spite, That ever I was born to set it right! They wait for him to leave first. Nay, come, let’s go together. Exeunt.

2.1 Enter Polonius and Reynaldo. Polonius Give him his money, and these notes, Reynaldo. He gives money and papers. Reynaldo I will, my lord. Polonius You shall do marvel’s wisely, good Reynaldo, Before you visit him you make inquiry Of his behavior. Reynaldo My lord, I did intend it. Polonius Marry, well said, very well said. Look you, sir, Inquire me first what Danskers are in Paris, And how, and who, what means, and where they keep, What company, at what expense; and finding By this encompassment and drift of question That they do know my son, come you more nearer Than your particular demands will touch it; Take you as ’twere some distant knowledge of him, And thus, I know his father and his friends, And in part him. Do you mark this, Reynaldo? Reynaldo Ay, very well, my lord. Polonius And in part him. But, you may say, not well, But if’t be he I mean, he’s very wild, Addicted so and so, and there put on him What forgeries you please—marry, none so rank As may dishonor him, take heed of that, But, sir, such wanton, wild, and usual slips As are companions noted and most known To youth and liberty. Reynaldo As gaming, my lord. Polonius Ay, or drinking, fencing, swearing, Quarreling, drabbing—you may go so far. Reynaldo My lord, that would dishonor him. Polonius Faith, no, as you may season it in the charge. You must not put another scandal on him That he is open to incontinency; That’s not my meaning. But breathe his faults so quaintly That they may seem the taints of liberty, The flash and outbreak of a fiery mind, A savageness in unreclaimèd blood, Of general assault. Reynaldo But, my good lord— Polonius Wherefore should you do this? Reynaldo Ay, my lord, I would know that. Polonius Marry sir, here’s my drift, And I believe it is a fetch of warrant. You laying these slight sullies on my son As ’twere a thing a little soiled i’th’ working, Mark you, your party in converse, him you would sound, Having ever seen in the prenominate crimes The youth you breathe of guilty, be assured He closes with you in this consequence: Good sir, or so, or friend, or gentleman, According to the phrase and the addition Of man and country. Reynaldo Very good, my lord. Polonius And then, sir, does he this, He does—what was I about to say? I was about to say something. Where did I leave? Reynaldo At closes in the consequence, At friend, or so, and gentleman. Polonius At closes in the consequence. Ay, marry, He closes with you thus: I know the gentleman, I saw him yesterday—or t’other day, Or then, or then—with such and such, and as you say, There was he gaming, there o’ertook in’s rouse, There falling out at tennis, or perchance I saw him enter such a house of sale, Videlicet, a brothel, or so forth. See you now, Your bait of falsehood takes this carp of truth, And thus do we of wisdom and of reach, With windlasses and with assays of bias, By indirections find directions out; So by my former lecture and advice Shall you my son. You have me, have you not? Reynaldo My lord, I have. Polonius God buy you; fare you well. Reynaldo Good my lord. Polonius Observe his inclination in yourself. Reynaldo I shall, my lord. Polonius And let him ply his music. Reynaldo Well, my lord. Exit. Enter Ophelia. Polonius Farewell.— How now, Ophelia, what’s the matter? Ophelia Alas, my lord, I have been so affrighted! Polonius With what, in the name of heaven? Ophelia My lord, as I was sewing in my chamber, Lord Hamlet, with his doublet all unbraced, No hat upon his head, his stockings fouled, Ungartered, and down-gyvèd to his ankle, Pale as his shirt, his knees knocking each other, And with a look so piteous in purport As if he had been loosèd out of hell To speak of horrors, he comes before me. Polonius Mad for thy love? Ophelia My lord, I do not know, but truly I do fear it. Polonius What said he? Ophelia He took me by the wrist, and held me hard. Then goes he to the length of all his arm, And with his other hand thus o’er his brow He falls to such perusal of my face As he would draw it. Long stayed he so. At last, a little shaking of mine arm, And thrice his head thus waving up and down, He raised a sigh so piteous and profound That it did seem to shatter all his bulk And end his being. That done, he lets me go, And with his head over his shoulders turned He seemed to find his way without his eyes, For out o’ doors he went without their help, And to the last bended their light on me. Polonius Go with me. I will go seek the King. This is the very ecstasy of love, Whose violent property fordoes itself And leads the will to desperate undertakings As oft as any passion under heaven That does afflict our natures. I am sorry. What, have you given him any hard words of late? Ophelia No, my good lord, but as you did command I did repel his letters, and denied His access to me. Polonius That hath made him mad. I am sorry that with better speed and judgment I had not quoted him. I fear he did but trifle And meant to wrack thee; but beshrew my jealousy! It seems it is as proper to our age To cast beyond ourselves in our opinions As it is common for the younger sort To lack discretion. Come, go we to the King. This must be known, which, being kept close, might move More grief to hide than hate to utter love. Exeunt.

2.2 Enter King, Queen, Rosencrantz, and Guildenstern cum aliis King Welcome, dear Rosencrantz and Guildenstern. Moreover that we much did long to see you, The need we have to use you did provoke Our hasty sending. Something have you heard Of Hamlet’s transformation—so I call it, Since not th’exterior nor the inward man Resembles that it was. What it should be, More than his father’s death, that thus hath put him So much from th’understanding of himself, I cannot deem of. I entreat you both That, being of so young days brought up with him, And since so neighbored to his youth and humor, That you vouchsafe your rest here in our court Some little time, so by your companies To draw him on to pleasures, and to gather So much as from occasions you may glean That, opened, lies within our remedy. Queen Good gentlemen, he hath much talked of you, And sure I am two men there are not living To whom he more adheres. If it will please you To show us so much gentry and good will As to expend your time with us awhile For the supply and profit of our hope, Your visitation shall receive such thanks As fits a king’s remembrance. Rosencrantz Both your majesties Might, by the sovereign power you have of us, Put your dread pleasures more into command Than to entreaty. Guildenstern We both obey, And here give up ourselves in the full bent To lay our services freely at your feet To be commanded. King Thanks, Rosencrantz, and gentle Guildenstern. Queen Thanks, Guildenstern, and gentle Rosencrantz. And I beseech you instantly to visit My too-much-changèd son.—Go, some of ye, And bring the gentlemen where Hamlet is. Guildenstern Heavens make our presence and our practices Pleasant and helpful to him! Exit Guildenstern with Rosencrantz and other Courtiers. Queen Amen. Enter Polonius. Polonius Th’ambassadors from Norway, my good lord, Are joyfully returned. King Thou still hast been the father of good news. Polonius Have I, my lord? Assure you, my good liege, I hold my duty, as I hold my soul, Both to my God, one to my gracious king; And I do think, or else this brain of mine Hunts not the trail of policy so sure As I have used to do, that I have found The very cause of Hamlet’s lunacy. King Oh, speak of that! That I do long to hear. Polonius Give first admittance to th’ambassadors. My news shall be the fruit to that great feast. King Thyself do grace to them, and bring them in.— Polonius goes to bring in the ambassadors. He tells me, my sweet Queen, that he hath found The head and source of all your son’s distemper. Queen I doubt it is no other but the main: His father’s death, and our o’erhasty marriage. Enter Polonius, Voltemand, and Cornelius. King Well, we shall sift him.—Welcome, good friends. Say, Voltemand, what from our brother Norway? Voltemand Most fair return of greetings and desires. Upon our first, he sent out to suppress His nephew’s levies, which to him appeared To be a preparation ’gainst the Polack, But, better looked into, he truly found It was against your highness; whereat grieved That so his sickness, age, and impotence Was falsely borne in hand, sends out arrests On Fortinbras, which he (in brief) obeys, Receives rebuke from Norway, and, in fine, Makes vow before his uncle never more To give th’assay of arms against your majesty. Whereon old Norway, overcome with joy, Gives him three thousand crowns in annual fee And his commission to employ those soldiers So levied, as before, against the Polack, With an entreaty herein further shown That it might please you to give quiet pass Through your dominions for his enterprise On such regards of safety and allowance As therein are set down. King It likes us well, And at our more considered time we’ll read, Answer, and think upon this business. Meantime, we thank you for your well-took labor. Go to your rest. At night we’ll feast together. Most welcome home! Exit Ambassadors. Polonius This business is very well ended. My liege and madam, to expostulate What majesty should be, what duty is, Why day is day, night, night, and time is time, Were nothing but to waste night, day, and time. Therefore, since brevity is the soul of wit, And tediousness the limbs and outward flourishes. I will be brief. Your noble son is mad. Mad call I it, for to define true madness, What is’t but to be nothing else but mad? But let that go. Queen More matter, with less art. Polonius Madam, I swear I use no art at all. That he is mad, ’tis true, ’tis true ’tis pity, And pity it is true—a foolish figure, But farewell it, for I will use no art. Mad let us grant him, then. And now remains That we find out the cause of this effect, Or rather say the cause of this defect, For this effect defective comes by cause. Thus it remains, and the remainder thus. Perpend. I have a daughter—have whilst she is mine— Who in her duty and obedience, mark, Hath given me this. Now gather and surmise. He reads from the letter.

To the celestial and my soul’s idol, the most beautified Ophelia. That’s an ill phrase, a vile phrase; beautified is a vile in phrase. But you shall hear: These in her excellent white bosom, these.

Queen Came this from Hamlet to her? Polonius Good madam, stay awhile, I will be faithful. He reads. Doubt thou the stars are fire, Doubt that the sun doth move, Doubt truth to be a liar, But never doubt I love.

Oh, dear Ophelia, I am ill at these numbers. I have not art to reckon my groans. But that I love thee best, oh, most best, believe it. Adieu. Thine evermore, most dear lady, whilst this machine is to him. Hamlet.

This in obedience hath my daughter showed me, And, more above, hath his soliciting, As they fell out, by time, by means, and place, All given to mine ear. King But how hath she received his love? Polonius What do you think of me? King As of a man faithful and honorable. Polonius I would fain prove so. But what might you think, When I had seen this hot love on the wing— As I perceived it (I must tell you that) Before my daughter told me—what might you, Or my dear majesty your queen here, think If I had played the desk or table-book, Or given my heart a winking, mute and dumb, Or looked upon this love with idle sight, What might you think? No, I went round to work, And my young mistress thus I did bespeak: Lord Hamlet is a prince out of thy star. This must not be. And then I precepts gave her That she should lock herself from his resort, Admit no messengers, receive no tokens. Which done, she took the fruits of my advice, And he, repulsèd, a short tale to make, Fell into a sadness, then into a fast, Thence to a watch, thence into a weakness, Thence to a lightness, and by this declension Into the madness whereon now he raves, And all we wail for. King "/ To Queen Do you think ’tis this? Queen It may be, very likely. Polonius Hath there been such a time—I’d fain know that— That I have positively said ’tis so When it proved otherwise? King Not that I know. Polonius Take this from this, if this be otherwise. If circumstances lead me, I will find Where truth is hid, though it were hid indeed Within the center. King How may we try it further? Polonius You know sometimes he walks four hours together here In the lobby. Queen So he has indeed. Polonius At such a time I’ll loose my daughter to him. Be you and I behind an arras then; Mark the encounter. If he love her not, And be not from his reason fall’n thereon, Let me be no assistant for a state And keep a farm and carters. King We will try it. Enter Hamlet reading on a book. Queen But look where sadly the poor wretch comes reading. Polonius Away, I do beseech you, both away. I’ll board him presently. Exit King and Queen. Oh, give me leave.—How does my good Lord Hamlet? Hamlet

Well, God-a-mercy.

Polonius

Do you know me, my lord?

Hamlet

Excellent, excellent well. Y’are a fishmonger.

Polonius

Not I, my lord.

Hamlet

Then I would you were so honest a man.

Polonius

Honest, my lord?

Hamlet

Ay, sir, to be honest, as this world goes, is to be one man picked out of two thousand.

Polonius

That’s very true, my lord.

Hamlet

For if the sun breed maggots in a dead dog, being a good kissing carrion— Have you a daughter?

Polonius

I have, my lord.

Hamlet

Let her not walk i’th’ sun. Conception is a blessing, but not as your daughter may conceive. Friend, look to’t.

Polonius

Aside How say you by that? Still harping on my daughter. Yet he knew me not at first. He said I was a fishmonger. He is far gone, far gone. And truly, in my youth I suffered much extremity for love, very near this. I’ll speak to him again.—What do you read, my lord?

Hamlet

Words, words, words.

Polonius

What is the matter, my lord?

Hamlet

Between who?

Polonius

I mean the matter you mean, my lord.

Hamlet

Slanders sir; for the satirical slave says here that old men have gray beards, that their faces are wrinkled, their eyes purging thick amber or plumtree gum, and that they have a plentiful lack of wit, together with weak hams—all which, sir, though I most powerfully and potently believe, yet I hold it not honesty to have it thus set down; for you yourself, sir, should be old as I am, if, like a crab, you could go backward.

Polonius

Aside Though this be madness, yet there is method in’t.—Will you walk out of the air, my lord?

Hamlet

Into my grave?

Polonius

Aside Indeed, that is out o’th’air. How pregnant sometimes his replies are! A happiness that often madness hits on, which reason and sanity could not so prosperously be delivered of. I will leave him, and suddenly contrive the means of meeting between him and my daughter.— My honorable lord, I will most humbly take my leave of you.

Hamlet

You cannot, sir, take from me anything that I will more willingly part withal—except my life, my life.

Polonius

Fare you well, my lord.

Hamlet

These tedious old fools!

Polonius

To Rosencrantz and Guildenstern, as they enter You go to seek my Lord Hamlet? There he is.

Enter Rosencrantz and Guildenstern. Rosencrantz

To Polonius God save you, sir.

Exit Polonius. Guildenstern

To Hamlet Mine honored lord!

Rosencrantz

My most dear lord!

Hamlet

My excellent good friends! How dost thou, Guildenstern? Oh, Rosencrantz! Good lads, how do ye both?

Rosencrantz

As the indifferent children of the earth.

Guildenstern

Happy in that we are not over-happy. On Fortune’s cap we are not the very button.

Hamlet

Nor the soles of her shoe?

Rosencrantz

Neither, my lord.

Hamlet

Then you live about her waist, or in the middle of her favor?

Guildenstern

Faith, her privates we.

Hamlet

In the secret parts of Fortune? Oh, most true, she is a strumpet. What’s the news?

Rosencrantz

None, my lord, but that the world’s grown honest.

Hamlet

Then is doomsday near. But your news is not true. Let me question more in particular. What have you, my good friends, deserved at the hands of Fortune that she sends you to prison hither?

Guildenstern

Prison, my lord?

Hamlet

Denmark’s a prison.

Rosencrantz

Then is the world one.

Hamlet

A goodly one, in which there are many confines, wards, and dungeons, Denmark being one o’th’ worst.

Rosencrantz

We think not so, my lord.

Hamlet

Why, then ’tis none to you, for there is nothing either good or bad but thinking makes it so. To me it is a prison.

Rosencrantz

Why, then your ambition makes it one. ’Tis too narrow for your mind.

Hamlet

Oh, God, I could be bounded in a nutshell and count myself a king of infinite space, were it not that I have bad dreams.

Guildenstern

Which dreams indeed are ambition, for the very substance of the ambitious is merely the shadow of a dream.

Hamlet

A dream itself is but a shadow.

Rosencrantz

Truly, and I hold ambition of so airy and light a quality that it is but a shadow’s shadow.

Hamlet

Then are our beggars bodies, and our monarchs and outstretched heroes the beggars’ shadows. Shall we to th’court? For, by my fay, I cannot reason.

Both

We’ll wait upon you.

Hamlet

No such matter. I will not sort you with the rest of my servants, for, to speak to you like an honest man, I am most dreadfully attended. But, in the beaten way of friendship, what make you at Elsinore?

Rosencrantz

To visit you my lord, no other occasion.

Hamlet

Beggar that I am, I am even poor in thanks, but I thank you; and sure, dear friends, my thanks are too dear a halfpenny. Were you not sent for? Is it your own inclining? Is it a free visitation? Come, deal justly with me. Come, come, nay, speak.

Guildenstern

What should we say, my lord?

Hamlet

Why, anything. But to the purpose: you were sent for, and there is a kind of confession in your looks, which your modesties have craft enough to color. I know the good King and Queen have sent for you.

Rosencrantz

To what end, my lord?

Hamlet

That you must teach me. But let me conjure you, by the rights of our fellowship, by the consonancy of our youth, by the obligation of our ever-preserved love, and by what more dear a better proposer could charge you withal, be even and direct with me whether you were sent for or no.

Rosencrantz

Aside to Guildenstern What say you?

Hamlet

Aside Nay, then, I have an eye of you.—If you love me, hold not off.

Guildenstern

My lord, we were sent for.

Hamlet

I will tell you why; so shall my anticipation prevent your discovery, and your secrecy to the King and Queen molt no feather. I have of late, but wherefore I know not, lost all my mirth, forgone all custom of exercise; and indeed it goes so heavily with my disposition that this goodly frame, the earth, seems to me a sterile promontory. This most excellent canopy the air, look you, this brave o’erhanging, this majestical roof fretted with golden fire, why, it appears no other thing to me than a foul and pestilent congregation of vapors. What a piece of work is a man! How noble in reason! How infinite in faculty! In form and moving how express and admirable! In action, how like an angel! In apprehension, how like a god! The beauty of the world, the paragon of animals. And yet to me what is this quintessence of dust? Man delights not me, no, nor woman neither, though by your smiling you seem to say so.

Rosencrantz

My lord, there was no such stuff in my thoughts.

Hamlet

Why did you laugh, when I said man delights not me?

Rosencrantz

To think, my lord, if you delight not in man, what lenten entertainment the players shall receive from you. We coted them on the way, and hither are they coming to offer you service.

Hamlet

He that plays the King shall be welcome; his majesty shall have tribute of me. The Adventurous Knight shall use his foil and target, the Lover shall not sigh gratis, the Humorous Man shall end his part in peace, the Clown shall make those laugh whose lungs are tickled o’th’sear, and the Lady shall say her mind freely, or the blank verse shall halt for’t. What players are they?

Rosencrantz

Even those you were wont to take delight in, the tragedians of the city.

Hamlet

How chances it they travel? Their residence both in reputation and profit was better both ways.

Rosencrantz

I think their inhibition comes by the means of the late innovation.

Hamlet

Do they hold the same estimation they did when I was in the city? Are they so followed?

Rosencrantz

No, indeed, they are not.

Hamlet

How comes it? Do they grow rusty?

Rosencrantz

Nay, their endeavor keeps in the wonted pace. But there is, sir, an eyrie of children, little eyases, that cry out on the top of question, and are most tyrannically clapped for’t. These are now the fashion, and so berattle the common stages—so they call them—that many wearing rapiers are afraid of goose quills and dare scarce come thither.

Hamlet

What, are they children? Who maintains ’em? How are they escoted? Will they pursue the quality no longer than they can sing? Will they not say afterwards, if they should grow themselves to common players—as it is most like if their means are not better—their writers do them wrong to make them exclaim against their own succession?

Rosencrantz

Faith, there has been much to-do on both sides, and the nation holds it no sin to tarre them to controversy. There was for a while no money bid for argument unless the poet and the player went to cuffs in the question.

Hamlet

Is’t possible?

Guildenstern

Oh, there has been much throwing about of brains.

Hamlet

Do the boys carry it away?

Rosencrantz

Ay, that they do, my lord, Hercules and his load too.

Hamlet

It is not strange, for mine uncle is King of Denmark, and those that would make mows at him while my father lived give twenty, forty, an hundred ducats apiece for his picture in little. There is something in this more than natural, if philosophy could find it out.

Flourish for the players. Guildenstern

There are the players.

Hamlet

Gentlemen, you are welcome to Elsinore. Your hands, come. The appurtenance of welcome is fashion and ceremony. Let me comply with you in the garb, lest my extent to the players, which, I tell you, must show fairly outward, should more appear like entertainment than yours. You are welcome. But my uncle-father and aunt-mother are deceived.

Guildenstern

In what, my dear lord?

Hamlet

I am but mad north-north-west; when the wind is southerly, I know a hawk from a handsaw.

Enter Polonius. Polonius

Well be with you, gentlemen.

Hamlet

Hark you, Guildenstern, and you too, at each ear a hearer: that great baby you see there is not yet out of his swathing clouts.

Rosencrantz

Happily he’s the second time come to them, for they say an old man is twice a child.

Hamlet

I will prophesy: he comes to tell me of the players. Mark it.—You say right, sir, for o’Monday morning, ’twas so indeed.

Polonius

My lord, I have news to tell you.

Hamlet

My lord, I have news to tell you. When Roscius, an actor in Rome—

Polonius

The actors are come hither, my lord.

Hamlet

Buzz, buzz.

Polonius

Upon mine honor.

Hamlet Then can each actor on his ass— Polonius

The best actors in the world, either for tragedy, comedy, history, pastoral, pastoral-comical-historical-pastoral, tragical-historical, tragical-comical-historical-pastoral, scene individable, or poem unlimited. Seneca cannot be too heavy, nor Plautus too light for the law of writ and the liberty. These are the only men.

Hamlet

O Jephthah, Judge of Israel, what a treasure hadst thou?

Polonius

What a treasure had he, my lord?

Hamlet

Why,

One fair daughter and no more, The which he lovèd passing well Polonius

Aside Still on my daughter.

Hamlet

Am I not i’th’ right, old Jephthah?

Polonius

If you call me Jephthah, my lord, I have a daughter that I love passing well.

Hamlet

Nay, that follows not.

Polonius

What follows then, my lord?

Hamlet

Why,

As by lot, God wot,

and then you know,

It came to pass, As most like it was.

The first row of the pious chanson will show you more, for look where my abridgments come. Enter four or five Players. Y’are welcome, masters, welcome all.—I am glad to see thee well. Welcome, good friends.—Oh, my old friend! Thy face is valiant since I saw thee last. Com’st thou to beard me in Denmark?—What, my young lady and mistress! By’r Lady, your ladyship is nearer heaven than when I saw you last, by the altitude of a chopine. Pray God your voice, like a piece of uncurrent gold, be not cracked within the ring.—Masters, you are all welcome. We’ll e’en to’t, like French falconers: fly at anything we see. We’ll have a speech straight. Come, give us a taste of your quality. Come, a passionate speech.

FirstPlayer What speech, my lord? Hamlet

I heard thee speak me a speech once, but it was never acted, or if it was, not above once; for the play, I remember, pleased not the million, ’twas caviary to the general. But it was, as I received it, and others whose judgment in such matters cried in the top of mine, an excellent play, well digested in the scenes, set down with as much modesty as cunning. I remember one said there was no sallets in the lines, to make the matter savory, nor no matter in the phrase that might indict the author of affectation, but called it an honest method. One chief speech in it I chiefly loved: ’twas Aeneas’ tale to Dido, and thereabout of it especially where he speaks of Priam’s slaughter. If it live in your memory, begin at this line—let me see, let me see—

The rugged Pyrrhus, like th’Hyrcanian beast—

It is not so, it begins with Pyrrhus.

The rugged Pyrrhus, he whose sable arms, Black as his purpose, did the night resemble When he lay couchèd in the ominous horse, Hath now this dread and black complexion smeared With heraldry more dismal. Head to foot Now is he total gules, horridly tricked With blood of fathers, mothers, daughters, sons, Baked and empasted with the parching streets That lend a tyrannous and damnèd light To their vile murders. Roasted in wrath and fire, And thus o’ersizèd with coagulate gore, With eyes like carbuncles, the hellish Pyrrhus Old grandsire Priam seeks. Polonius

’Fore God, my Lord, well spoken, with good accent and good discretion.

FirstPlayer Anon he finds him, Striking too short at Greeks. His anticke sword, Rebellious to his arm, lies where it falls, Repugnant to command. Unequal match! Pyrrhus at Priam drives, in rage strikes wide, But with the whiff and wind of his fell sword Th’unnervèd father falls. Then senseless Ilium, Seeming to feel his blow, with flaming top Stoops to his base, and with a hideous crash Takes prisoner Pyrrhus’ ear; for lo! his sword, Which was declining on the milky head Of reverend Priam, seemed i’th’ air to stick. So as a painted tyrant Pyrrhus stood, And, like a neutral to his will and matter, Did nothing. But as we often see against some storm A silence in the heavens, the rack stand still, The bold winds speechless, and the orb below As hush as death, anon the dreadful thunder Doth rend the region, so, after Pyrrhus’ pause, A rousèd vengeance sets him new a-work, And never did the Cyclops’ hammers fall On Mars his armor, forged for proof eterne, With less remorse than Pyrrhus’ bleeding sword Now falls on Priam. Out, out, thou strumpet Fortune! All you gods In general synod take away her power, Break all the spokes and fellies from her wheel, And bowl the round nave down the hill of heaven As low as to the fiends! Polonius

This is too long.

Hamlet

It shall to th’ barber’s with your beard.— Prithee, say on. He’s for a jig, or a tale of bawdry, or he sleeps. Say on. Come to Hecuba.

FirstPlayer But who, oh, who, had seen the inobled queen— Hamlet

"The inobled queen!"

Polonius

That’s good. "Inobled queen" is good.

FirstPlayer Run barefoot up and down, threat’ning the flame With bisson rheum, a clout about that head Where late the diadem stood, and, for a robe, About her lank and all o’er-teemèd loins A blanket in th’alarum of fear caught up— Who this had seen, with tongue in venom steeped ’Gainst Fortune’s state would treason have pronounced! But if the gods themselves did see her then, When she saw Pyrrhus make malicious sport In mincing with his sword her husband’s limbs, The instant burst of clamor that she made (Unless things mortal move them not at all) Would have made milch the burning eyes of heaven And passion in the gods. Polonius

Look where he has not turned his color, and has tears in’s eyes.—Pray you, no more.

Hamlet

’Tis well. I’ll have thee speak out the rest soon. To Polonius Good my lord, will you see the players well bestowed? Do ye hear, let them be well used, for they are the abstracts and brief chronicles of the time. After your death you were better have a bad epitaph than their ill report while you lived.

Polonius

My lord, I will use them according to their desert.

Hamlet

God’s bodykins, man, better. Use every man after his desert and who should scape whipping? Use them after your own honor and dignity; the less they deserve, the more merit is in your bounty. Take them in.

Polonius

Come, sirs.

Exit Polonius. Hamlet

Follow him, friends. We’ll hear a play tomorrow. Aside to the First Player Dost thou hear me, old friend, can you play The Murder of Gonzago?

FirstPlayer

Ay, my lord.

Hamlet

We’ll ha’t tomorrow night. You could for a need study a speech of some dozen or sixteen lines, which I would set down and insert in’t, could ye not?

FirstPlayer

Ay, my lord.

Hamlet

Very well. Follow that lord, and look you mock him not.—My good friends, I’ll leave you till night. You are welcome to Elsinore.

Rosencrantz

Good my lord.

Exeunt. Manet Hamlet. Hamlet Ay, so, God buy ye.—Now I am alone. Oh, what a rogue and peasant slave am I! Is it not monstrous that this player here, But in a fiction, in a dream of passion, Could force his soul so to his whole conceit That from her working all his visage warmed, Tears in his eyes, distraction in’s aspect, A broken voice, and his whole function suiting With forms to his conceit? And all for nothing? For Hecuba? What’s Hecuba to him, or he to Hecuba, That he should weep for her? What would he do Had he the motive and the cue for passion That I have? He would drown the stage with tears And cleave the general ear with horrid speech, Make mad the guilty, and appal the free, Confound the ignorant, and amaze indeed The very faculty of eyes and ears. Yet I, A dull and muddy-mettled rascal, peak Like John-a-dreams, unpregnant of my cause, And can say nothing; no, not for a king Upon whose property and most dear life A damned defeat was made. Am I a coward? Who calls me villain? Breaks my pate across? Plucks off my beard and blows it in my face? Tweaks me by th’ nose? Gives me the lie i’th’ throat As deep as to the lungs? Who does me this? Ha? Why, I should take it; for it cannot be But I am pigeon-livered, and lack gall To make oppression bitter, or ere this I should have fatted all the region kites With this slave’s offal, bloody, a bawdy villain, Remorseless, treacherous, lecherous, kindless villain! Oh, vengeance! Who? What an ass am I! Ay, sure, this is most brave, That I, the son of the dear murderèd, Prompted to my revenge by heaven and hell, Must like a whore unpack my heart with words, And fall a-cursing like a very drab, A scullion? Fie upon’t, foh! About, my brain! I have heard that guilty creatures sitting at a play Have by the very cunning of the scene Been struck so to the soul that presently They have proclaimed their malefactions; For murder, though it have no tongue, will speak With most miraculous organ. I’ll have these players Play something like the murder of my father Before mine uncle. I’ll observe his looks; I’ll tent him to the quick. If he but blench I know my course. The spirit that I have seen May be the devil, and the devil hath power T’assume a pleasing shape; yea, and perhaps, Out of my weakness and my melancholy, As he is very potent with such spirits, Abuses me to damn me. I’ll have grounds More relative than this. The play’s the thing Wherein I’ll catch the conscience of the King. Exit.

3.1 Enter King, Queen, Polonius, Ophelia,Rosencrantz, Guildenstern, and Lords. King And can you by no drift of circumstance Get from him why he puts on this confusion, Grating so harshly all his days of quiet With turbulent and dangerous lunacy? Rosencrantz He does confess he feels himself distracted, But from what cause he will by no means speak. Guildenstern Nor do we find him forward to be sounded, But with a crafty madness keeps aloof When we would bring him on to some confession Of his true state. Queen Did he receive you well? Rosencrantz Most like a gentleman. Guildenstern But with much forcing of his disposition. Rosencrantz Niggard of question, but of our demands Most free in his reply. Queen Did you assay him to any pastime? Rosencrantz Madam, it so fell out that certain players We o’erraught on the way. Of these we told him, And there did seem in him a kind of joy To hear of it. They are about the court, And, as I think, they have already order This night to play before him. Polonius ’Tis most true, And he beseeched me to entreat your majesties To hear and see the matter. King With all my heart, and it doth much content me To hear him so inclined. Good gentlemen, Give him a further edge, and drive his purpose on To these delights. Rosencrantz We shall, my lord. Exeunt Rosencrantz and Guildenstern and Lords. King Sweet Gertrude, leave us too, For we have closely sent for Hamlet hither, That he, as ’twere by accident, may there Affront Ophelia. Her father and myself, lawful espials, Will so bestow our selves that, seeing unseen, We may of their encounter frankly judge, And gather by him, as he is behaved, If’t be th’affliction of his love or no That thus he suffers for. Queen I shall obey you. And for your part, Ophelia, I do wish That your good beauties be the happy cause Of Hamlet’s wildness. So shall I hope your virtues Will bring him to his wonted way again, To both your honors. Ophelia Madam, I wish it may. Exit Queen. Polonius Ophelia, walk you here.—Gracious, so please ye, We will bestow ourselves. To Ophelia Read on this book, That show of such an exercise may color Your loneliness. We are oft too blame in this, ’Tis too much proved, that with devotion’s visage And pious action we do sugar o’er The devil himself. King Aside Oh, ’tis true! How smart a lash that speech doth give my conscience! The harlot’s cheek, beautied with plast’ring art, Is not more ugly to the thing that helps it Than is my deed to my most painted word. Oh, heavy burden! Polonius I hear him coming. Let’s withdraw, my lord. Exeunt the King and Polonius, as they conceal themselves. Enter Hamlet. Hamlet To be, or not to be, that is the question, Whether ’tis nobler in the mind to suffer The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune, Or to take arms against a sea of troubles, And by opposing end them. To die, to sleep— No more—and by a sleep to say we end The heartache and the thousand natural shocks That flesh is heir to? ’Tis a consummation Devoutly to be wished. To die, to sleep; To sleep, perchance to dream. Ay, there’s the rub, For in that sleep of death what dreams may come When we have shuffled off this mortal coil Must give us pause. There’s the respect That makes calamity of so long life. For who would bear the whips and scorns of time, The oppressor’s wrong, the poor man’s contumely, The pangs of disprized love, the law’s delay, The insolence of office, and the spurns That patient merit of the unworthy takes, When he himself might his quietus make With a bare bodkin? Who would these fardels bear To grunt and sweat under a weary life, But that the dread of something after death, The undiscovered country from whose bourn No traveler returns, puzzles the will, And makes us rather bear those ills we have Than fly to others that we know not of. Thus conscience does make cowards of us all, And thus the native hue of resolution Is sicklied o’er with the pale cast of thought, And enterprises of great pith and moment With this regard their currents turn away And lose the name of action. Soft you now, The fair Ophelia!—Nymph, in thy orisons Be all my sins remembered. Ophelia Good my lord, How does your honor for this many a day? Hamlet I humbly thank you, well, well, well. Ophelia My lord, I have remembrances of yours That I have longèd long to redeliver. I pray you now receive them. Hamlet No, no, I never gave you aught. Ophelia My honored lord, I know right well you did, And with them words of so sweet breath composed As made the things more rich. Then, perfume left, Take these again, for to the noble mind Rich gifts wax poor when givers prove unkind, There, my lord. " She offers Hamlet the remembrances. Hamlet

Ha, ha! Are you honest?

Ophelia

My lord?

Hamlet

Are you fair?

Ophelia

What means your lordship?

Hamlet

That if you be honest and fair, your honesty should admit no discourse to your beauty.

Ophelia

Could beauty, my lord, have better commerce than your honesty?

Hamlet

Ay, truly, for the power of beauty will sooner transform honesty from what it is to a bawd than the force of honesty can translate beauty into his likeness. This was sometime a paradox, but now the time gives it proof. I did love you once.

Ophelia

Indeed, my lord, you made me believe so.

Hamlet

You should not have believed me, for virtue cannot so inoculate our old stock but we shall relish of it. I loved you not.

Ophelia

I was the more deceived.

Hamlet

Get thee to a nunnery. Why wouldst thou be a breeder of sinners? I am myself indifferent honest, but yet I could accuse me of such things that it were better my mother had not borne me: I am very proud, revengeful, ambitious, with more offenses at my beck than I have thoughts to put them in, imagination to give them shape, or time to act them in. What should such fellows as I do crawling between heaven and earth? We are arrant knaves, all; believe none of us. Go thy ways to a nunnery. Where’s your father?

Ophelia

At home, my lord.

Hamlet

Let the doors be shut upon him, that he may play the fool no way but in’s own house. Farewell.

Ophelia

Oh, help him, you sweet heavens!

Hamlet

If thou dost marry, I’ll give thee this plague for thy dowry: be thou as chaste as ice, as pure as snow, thou shalt not escape calumny. Get thee to a nunnery. Go, farewell. Or if thou wilt needs marry, marry a fool, for wise men know well enough what monsters you make of them. To a nunnery go, and quickly too. Farewell.

Ophelia

O heavenly powers, restore him!

Hamlet

I have heard of your pratlings too well enough. God has given you one pace, and you make yourself another. You jig, you amble, and you lisp, and nickname God’s creatures, and make your wantonness your ignorance. Go to, I’ll no more on’t; it hath made me mad. I say we will have no more marriages. Those that are married already, all but one, shall live; the rest shall keep as they are. To a nunnery, go.

Exit Hamlet. Ophelia Oh, what a noble mind is here o’erthrown! The courtier’s, soldier’s, scholar’s, eye, tongue, sword, Th’expectancy and rose of the fair state, The glass of fashion and the mold of form, Th’observed of all observers, quite, quite down. And I, of ladies most deject and wretched, That sucked the honey of his music vows, Now see that noble and most sovereign reason, Like sweet bells jangled, out of tune, and harsh, That unmatched form and feature of blown youth Blasted with ecstasy. Oh, woe is me T’have seen what I have seen, see what I see! Enter King and Polonius stepping forward from concealment. King Love? His affections do not that way tend, Nor what he spake, though it lacked form a little, Was not like madness. There’s something in his soul O’er which his melancholy sits on brood, And I do doubt the hatch and the disclose Will be some danger; which to prevent, I have in quick determination Thus set it down: he shall with speed to England For the demand of our neglected tribute. Haply the seas, and countries different, With variable objects, shall expel This something-settled matter in his heart, Whereon his brains still beating puts him thus From fashion of himself. What think you on’t? Polonius It shall do well. But yet do I believe The origin and commencement of this grief Sprung from neglected love.—How now, Ophelia? You need not tell us what Lord Hamlet said, We heard it all.—My lord, do as you please, But if you hold it fit, after the play Let his queen-mother all alone entreat him To show his griefs. Let her be round with him, And I’ll be placed so, please you, in the ear Of all their conference. If she find him not, To England send him, or confine him where Your wisdom best shall think. King It shall be so. Madness in great ones must not unwatched go. Exeunt.

3.2 Enter Hamlet, and two or three of the Players. Hamlet

Speak the speech, I pray you, as I pronounced it to you, trippingly on the tongue; but if you mouth it, as many of your players do, I had as lief the town crier had spoke my lines. Nor do not saw the air too much— your hand thus—but use all gently; for in the very torrent, tempest, and, as I may say, the whirlwind of passion, you must acquire and beget a temperance that may give it smoothness. Oh, it offends me to the soul to see a robustious periwig-pated fellow tear a passion to tatters, to very rags, to split the ears of the groundlings, who, for the most part, are capable of nothing but inexplicable dumb shows and noise. I could have such a fellow whipped for o’erdoing Termagant. It out-Herods Herod. Pray you avoid it.

Player

I warrant your honor.

Hamlet

Be not too tame, neither, but let your own discretion be your tutor. Suit the action to the word, the word to the action, with this special observance: that you o’erstep not the modesty of nature. For anything so overdone is from the purpose of playing, whose end, both at the first and now, was and is to hold as ’twere the mirror up to nature, to show virtue her own feature, scorn her own image, and the very age and body of the time his form and pressure. Now, this overdone, or come tardy off, though it make the unskillful laugh, cannot but make the judicious grieve, the censure of the which one must in your allowance o’erweigh a whole theater of others. Oh, there be players that I have seen play, and heard others praise, and that highly, not to speak it profanely, that, neither having the accent of Christians nor the gait of Christian, pagan, or Norman, have so strutted and bellowed that I have thought some of nature’s journeymen had made men, and not made them well, they imitated humanity so abhominably.

Player

I hope we have reformed that indifferently with us, sir.

Hamlet

Oh, reform it altogether. And let those that play your clowns speak no more than is set down for them; for there be of them that will themselves laugh, to set on some quantity of barren spectators to laugh too, though in the meantime some necessary question of the play be then to be considered. That’s villainous, and shows a most pitiful ambition in the fool that uses it. Go make you ready. Exeunt Players. Enter Polonius, Rosencrantz, and Guildenstern. To Polonius How now, my lord, will the King hear this piece of work?

Polonius

And the Queen too, and that presently.

Hamlet

Bid the players make haste. Exit Polonius. Will you two help to hasten them?

Both

We will, my lord.

Exeunt Rosencrantz and Guildenstern. Enter Horatio. Hamlet What ho, Horatio! Horatio Here, sweet lord, at your service. Hamlet Horatio, thou art e’en as just a man As e’er my conversation coped withal. Horatio Oh, my dear lord— Hamlet Nay, do not think I flatter, For what advancement may I hope from thee That no revenue hast but thy good spirits To feed and clothe thee? Why should the poor be flattered? No, let the candied tongue lick absurd pomp And crook the pregnant hinges of the knee Where thrift may follow feigning. Dost thou hear? Since my dear soul was mistress of my choice And could of men distinguish, her election Hath sealed thee for herself. For thou hast been As one in suffering all that suffers nothing, A man that Fortune’s buffets and rewards Hath ta’en with equal thanks. And blest are those Whose blood and judgment are so well commingled That they are not a pipe for Fortune’s finger To sound what stop she please. Give me that man That is not passion’s slave, and I will wear him In my heart’s core, ay, in my heart of heart, As I do thee.—Something too much of this.— There is a play tonight before the King. One scene of it comes near the circumstance Which I have told thee, of my father’s death. I prithee, when thou see’st that act afoot, Even with the very comment of my soul Observe mine uncle. If his occulted guilt Do not itself unkennel in one speech, It is a damnèd ghost that we have seen, And my imaginations are as foul As Vulcan’s stithy. Give him needful note, For I mine eyes will rivet to his face, And after we will both our judgments join To censure of his seeming. Horatio Well, my lord, If he steal aught the whilst this play is playing And scape detecting, I will pay the theft. Enter King, Queen, Polonius, Ophelia, Rosencrantz, Guildenstern, and other Lords attendant, with his Guard carrying torches. Danish march. Sound a flourish. Hamlet

They are coming to the play. I must be idle. Get you a place.

King

How fares our cousin Hamlet?

Hamlet

Excellent, i’faith, of the chameleon’s dish; I eat the air, promise-crammed. You cannot feed capons so.

King

I have nothing with this answer, Hamlet. These words are not mine.

Hamlet

No, nor mine. To Polonius Now, my lord, you played once i’th’ university, you say?

Polonius

That I did, my lord, and was accounted a good actor

Hamlet

And what did you enact?

Polonius

I did enact Julius Caesar. I was killed i’th’ Capitol. Brutus killed me.

Hamlet

It was a brute part of him to kill so capital acalf there.—Be the players ready?

Rosencrantz

Ay, my lord, they stay upon your patience.

Queen

Come hither, my good Hamlet, sit by me.

Hamlet

No, good mother, here’s mettle more attractive.

Polonius

To the King Oho, do you mark that?

Hamlet

To Ophelia, as he lies at her feet Lady, shall I lie in your lap?

Ophelia

No, my lord.

Hamlet

I mean, my head upon your lap.

Ophelia

Ay, my lord.

Hamlet

Do you think I meant country matters?

Ophelia

I think nothing, my lord.

Hamlet

That’s a fair thought to lie between maids’ legs.

Ophelia

What is, my lord?

Hamlet

Nothing.

Ophelia

You are merry, my lord.

Hamlet

Who, I?

Ophelia

Ay, my lord.

Hamlet

Oh, God, your only jig-maker. What should a man do but be merry? For look you how cheerfully my mother looks, and my father died within’s two hours.

Ophelia

Nay, ’tis twice two months, my lord.

Hamlet

So long? Nay, then, let the devil wear black, for I’ll have suit of sables. Oh, heavens! Die two months ago, and not forgotten yet? Then there’s hope a great man’s memory may outlive his life half a year. But, by’r Lady, he must build churches then, or else shall he suffer not thinking on, with the hobby-horse, whose epitaph is, "For oh, for oh, the hobby-horse is forgot."

Hautboys play. The dumb-show enters. Enter Players as a King and Queen very lovingly; the Queen embracing him. She kneels and makes show of protestation unto him. He takes her up, and declines his head upon her neck. Lays him down upon a bank of flowers. She, seeing him asleep, leaves him. Anon comes in a fellow, takes off his crown, kisses it, pours poison in the King’s ears, and exits. The Queen returns, finds the King dead, and makes passionate action. The Poisoner, with some two or three mutes, comes in again, seeming to lament with her. The dead body is carried away. The Poisoner woos the Queen with gifts. She seems loath and unwilling awhile, but in the end accepts his love. Exeunt Players. Ophelia

What means this, my lord?

Hamlet

Marry, this is miching mallico. That means mischief.

Ophelia

Belike this show imports the argument of the play?

Hamlet

We shall know by these fellows. The players cannot keep counsel; they’ll tell all.

Ophelia

Will they tell us what this show meant?

Hamlet

Ay, or any show that you’ll show him. Be not you ashamed to show, he’ll not shame to tell you what it means.

Ophelia

You are naught, you are naught. I’ll mark the play.

Enter Prologue. Prologue For us and for our tragedy, Here stooping to your clemency, We beg your hearing patiently. Exit. Hamlet

Is this a prologue, or the posy of a ring?

Ophelia

’Tis brief, my lord.

Hamlet

As woman’s love.

Enter two Players as King and his Queen Baptista. King Full thirty times hath Phoebus’ cart gone round Neptune’s salt wash and Tellus’ orbèd ground, And thirty dozen moons with borrowed sheen About the world have times twelve thirties been Since love our hearts and Hymen did our hands Unite commutual in most sacred bands. Baptista So many journeys may the sun and moon Make us again count o’er, ere love be done! But woe is me, you are so sick of late, So far from cheer and from your former state, That I distrust you. Yet though I distrust, Discomfort you, my lord, it nothing must. For women’s fear and love hold quantity; In neither aught, or in extremity. Now what my love is, proof hath made you know, And as my love is sized, my fear is so. King Faith, I must leave thee, love, and shortly too; My operant powers my functions leave to do. And thou shalt live in this fair world behind, Honored, beloved; and haply one as kind For husband shalt thou— Baptista Oh, confound the rest! Such love must needs be treason in my breast. In second husband let me be accurst! None wed the second but who killed the first. Hamlet

Wormwood, wormwood.

Baptista The instances that second marriage move Are base respects of thrift, but none of love. A second time I kill my husband dead When second husband kisses me in bed. King I do believe you think what now you speak, But what we do determine, oft we break. Purpose is but the slave to memory, Of violent birth, but poor validity, Which now like fruit unripe sticks on the tree, But fall unshaken when they mellow be. Most necessary ’tis that we forget To pay ourselves what to ourselves is debt. What to ourselves in passion we propose, The passion ending, doth the purpose lose. The violence of either grief or joy Their own enactors with themselves destroy. Where joy most revels, grief doth most lament; Grief joys, joy grieves, on slender accident. This world is not for aye, nor ’tis not strange That even our loves should with our fortunes change; For ’tis a question left us yet to prove Whether love lead fortune, or else fortune love. The great man down, you mark his favorites flies; The poor advanced makes friends of enemies; And hitherto doth love on fortune tend, For who not needs shall never lack a friend, And who in want a hollow friend doth try Directly seasons him his enemy. But orderly to end where I begun, Our wills and fates do so contrary run That our devices still are overthrown; Our thoughts are ours, their ends none of our own. So, think thou wilt no second husband wed, But die thy thoughts when thy first lord is dead. Baptista Nor earth to give me food, nor heaven light, Sport and repose lock from me day and night, Each opposite that blanks the face of joy Meet what I would have well, and it destroy! Both here and hence pursue me lasting strife, If once a widow, ever I be wife! Hamlet

If she should break it now!

King ’Tis deeply sworn.Sweet, leave me here awhile. My spirits grow dull, and fain I would beguile The tedious day with sleep. Baptista Sleep rock thy brain, King sleeps. And never come mischance between us twain! Exit Player Queen. Hamlet

Madam, how like you this play?

Queen

The lady protests too much, methinks.

Hamlet

Oh, but she’ll keep her word.

King

Have you heard the argument? Is there no offense in’t?

Hamlet

No, no, they do but jest, poison in jest, no offense i’th’ world.

King

What do you call the play?

Hamlet

<anchor xml:id="emdHam_FM_anc_2979"/>The Mousetrap<anchor xml:id="emdHam_FM_anc_2980"/>. Marry, how? Tropically. This play is the image of a murder done in Vienna. Gonzago is the Duke’s name, his wife Baptista. You shall see anon. ’Tis a knavish piece of work, but what o’ that? Your majesty and we that have free souls, it touches us not. Let the galled jade winch; our withers are unwrung. Enter Lucianus. This is one Lucianus, nephew to the King.

Ophelia

You are a good chorus, my lord.

Hamlet

I could interpret between you and your love, if I could see the puppets dallying.

Ophelia

You are keen, my lord, you are keen.

Hamlet

It would cost you a groaning to take off my edge.

Ophelia

Still better and worse.

Hamlet

So you mistake husbands.— Begin, murderer. Pox, leave thy damnable faces and begin. Come, the croaking raven doth bellow for revenge.

Lucianus Thoughts black, hands apt, drugs fit, and time agreeing, Confederate season, else no creature seeing, Thou mixture rank, of midnight weeds collected, With Hecate’s ban thrice blasted, thrice infected, Thy natural magic and dire property On wholesome life usurp immediately. Pours the poison in his ears. Exit. Hamlet

He poisons him i’th’ garden for’s estate. His name’s Gonzago. The story is extant, and writ in choice Italian. You shall see anon how the murderer gets the love of Gonzago’s wife.

Ophelia

The King rises.

Hamlet

What, frighted with false fire?

Queen

How fares my lord?

Polonius

Give o’er the play.

King

Give me some light. Away!

All

Lights, lights, lights!

Exeunt. Hamlet and Horatio remain on stage. Hamlet Why, let the strucken deer go weep, The heart ungallèd play, For some must watch while some must sleep; So runs the world away.

Would not this, sir, and a forest of feathers—if the rest of my fortunes turn Turk with me—with two provincial roses on my razed shoes, get me a fellowship in a cry of players, sir?

Horatio

Half a share.

Hamlet

A whole one, I.

For thou dost know, O Damon dear, This realm dismantled was of Jove himself, And now reigns here A very, very pajock. Horatio

You might have rhymed.

Hamlet

O good Horatio, I’ll take the Ghost’s word for a thousand pound. Didst perceive?

Horatio

Very well, my lord.

Hamlet

Upon the talk of the poisoning?

Horatio

I did very well note him.

Enter Rosencrantz and Guildenstern. Hamlet

Oh, ha! Come, some music! Come, the recorders.

For if the King like not the comedy, Why, then belike he likes it not, perdie.

Come, some music.

Guildenstern

Good my lord, vouchsafe me a word with you.

Hamlet

Sir a whole history.

Guildenstern

The King, sir—

Hamlet

Ay, sir, what of him?

Guildenstern

Is in his retirement, marvelous distempered.

Hamlet

With drink, sir?

Guildenstern

No, my lord, rather with choler.

Hamlet

Your wisdom should show itself more richer to signify this to his doctor, for, for me to put him to his purgation would perhaps plunge him into far more choler.

Guildenstern

Good my lord, put your discourse into some frame, and start not so wildly from my affair.

Hamlet

I am tame sir. Pronounce.

Guildenstern

The Queen your mother, in most great affliction of spirit, hath sent me to you.

Hamlet

You are welcome.

Guildenstern

Nay, good my lord, this courtesy is not of the right breed. If it shall please you to make me a wholesome answer, I will do your mother’s commandment. If not, your pardon and my return shall be the end of my business.

Hamlet

Sir, I cannot.

Guildenstern

What, my lord?

Hamlet

Make you a wholesome answer; my wit’s diseased. But, sir, such answers as I can make, you shall command, or rather, you say, my mother. Therefore no more but to the matter. My mother, you say.

Rosencrantz

Then thus she says: your behavior hath struck her into amazement and admiration.

Hamlet

Oh, wonderful son, that can so astonish a mother! But is there no sequel at the heels of this mother’s admiration?

Rosencrantz

She desires to speak with you in her closet ere you go to bed.

Hamlet

We shall obey, were she ten times our mother. Have you any further trade with us?

Rosencrantz

My lord, you once did love me.

Hamlet

So I do still, by these pickers and stealers.

Rosencrantz

Good my lord, what is your cause of distemper? You do freely bar the door of your own liberty if you deny your griefs to your friend.

Hamlet

Sir, I lack advancement.

Rosencrantz

How can that be, when you have the voice of the King himself for your succession in Denmark?

Hamlet

Ay, but "while the grass grows"— the proverb is something musty. Enter one with a recorder. Oh, the recorder. Let me see. He takes the recorder. To withdraw with you, why do you go about to recover the wind of me, as if you would drive me into a toil?

Guildenstern

Oh, my lord, if my duty be too bold, my love is too unmannerly.

Hamlet

I do not well understand that. Will you play upon this pipe?

Guildenstern

My lord, I cannot.

Hamlet

I pray you.

Guildenstern

Believe me, I cannot.

Hamlet

I do beseech you.

Guildenstern

I know no touch of it, my lord.

Hamlet

’Tis as easy as lying. Govern these ventages with your finger and thumb, give it breath with your mouth, and it will discourse most excellent music. Look you, these are the stops.

Guildenstern

But these cannot I command to any utterance of harmony. I have not the skill.

Hamlet

Why, look you now, how unworthy a thing you make of me! You would play upon me, you would seem to know my stops, you would pluck out the heart of my mystery, you would sound me from my lowest note to the top of my compass, and there is much music, excellent voice, in this little organ, yet cannot you make it. Why, do you think that I am easier to be played on than a pipe? Call me what instrument you will, though you can fret me, you cannot play upon me. To Polonius, as he enters God bless you, sir.

Enter Polonius. Polonius

My lord, the Queen would speak with you, and presently.

Hamlet

Do you see that cloud? That’s almost in shape like a camel.

Polonius

By th’ mass, and it’s like a camel indeed.

Hamlet

Methinks it is like a weasel.

Polonius

It is backed like a weasel.

Hamlet

Or like a whale?

Polonius

Very like a whale.

Hamlet

Then will I come to my mother by and by. Aside They fool me to the top of my bent. Aloud I will come by and by.

Polonius

I will say so. Exit. "By and by" is easily said.—Leave me, friends.

Exeunt all but Hamlet. ’Tis now the very witching time of night, When churchyards yawn, and hell itself breathes out Contagion to this world. Now could I drink hot blood, And do such bitter business as the day Would quake to look on. Soft now, to my mother. O heart, loose not thy nature! Let not ever The soul of Nero enter this firm bosom. Let me be cruel, not unnatural; I will speak daggers to her, but use none. My tongue and soul in this be hypocrites: How in my words somever she be shent, To give them seals, never my soul consent! Exit.

3.3 Enter King, Rosencrantz, and Guildenstern. King I like him not, nor stands it safe with us To let his madness range. Therefore prepare you. I your commission will forthwith dispatch, And he to England shall along with you. The terms of our estate may not endure Hazard so dangerous as doth hourly grow Out of his lunacies. Guildenstern We will ourselves provide. Most holy and religious fear it is To keep those many many bodies safe That live and feed upon your majesty. Rosencrantz The single and peculiar life is bound With all the strength and armor of the mind To keep itself from noyance, but much more That spirit upon whose spirit depends and rests The lives of many. The cease of majesty Dies not alone, but like a gulf doth draw What’s near it with it. It is a massy wheel Fixed on the summit of the highest mount, To whose huge spokes ten thousand lesser things Are mortised and adjoined, which, when it falls, Each small annexment, petty consequence, Attends the boist’rous ruin. Never alone Did the king sigh, but with a general groan. King Arm you, I pray you, to this speedy voyage, For we will fetters put upon this fear, Which now goes too free-footed. Both We will haste us. Exeunt gentlemen Rosencrantz and Guildenstern. Enter Polonius. Polonius My lord, he’s going to his mother’s closet. Behind the arras I’ll convey myself To hear the process. I’ll warrant she’ll tax him home, And, as you said—and wisely was it said— ’Tis meet that some more audience then a mother, Since nature makes them partial, should o’erhear The speech of vantage. Fare you well, my liege. I’ll call upon you ere you go to bed, And tell you what I know. King Thanks, dear my lord. Exit Polonius. Oh, my offense is rank! It smells to heaven. It hath the primal eldest curse upon’t, A brother’s murder. Pray can I not, Though inclination be as sharp as will; My stronger guilt defeats my strong intent, And like a man to double business bound I stand in pause where I shall first begin, And both neglect. What if this cursèd hand Were thicker than itself with brother’s blood, Is there not rain enough in the sweet heavens To wash it white as snow? Whereto serves mercy But to confront the visage of offense? And what’s in prayer but this twofold force, To be forestallèd ere we come to fall, Or pardoned being down? Then I’ll look up; My fault is past. But, oh, what form of prayer Can serve my turn? "Forgive me my foul murder"? That cannot be, since I am still possessed Of those effects for which I did the murder: My crown, mine own ambition, and my queen. May one be pardoned and retain th’offense? In the corrupted currents of this world, Offense’s gilded hand may shove by justice, And oft ’tis seen the wicked prize itself Buys out the law. But ’tis not so above: There is no shuffling, there the action lies In his true nature, and we ourselves compelled, Even to the teeth and forehead of our faults, To give in evidence. What then? What rests? Try what repentance can. What can it not? Yet what can it, when one cannot repent? O wretched state! O bosom black as death! O limèd soul, that, struggling to be free, Art more engaged! Help, angels! Make assay. Bow, stubborn knees, and heart with strings of steel, Be soft as sinews of the newborn babe! All may be well. He kneels. Enter Hamlet. Hamlet Now might I do it pat, now he is praying, And now I’ll do’t. He draws his sword. And so he goes to heaven, And so am I revenged. That would be scanned: A villain kills my father, and for that, I, his foul son, do this same villain send To heaven. Oh, this is hire and salary, not revenge. He took my father grossly, full of bread, With all his crimes broad blown, as fresh as May, And how his audit stands, who knows, save heaven? But in our circumstance and course of thought ’Tis heavy with him. And am I then revenged, To take him in the purging of his soul, When he is fit and seasoned for his passage? No. He sheathes his sword. Up, sword, and know thou a more horrid hent When he is drunk asleep, or in his rage, Or in th’incestuous pleasure of his bed, At gaming, swearing, or about some act That has no relish of salvation in’t, Then trip him, that his heels may kick at heaven, And that his soul may be as damned and black As hell, whereto it goes. My mother stays. This physic but prolongs thy sickly days. Exit. King My words fly up, my thoughts remain below. Words without thoughts never to heaven go. Exit.

3.4 Enter Queen and Polonius. Polonius He will come straight. Look you lay home to him. Tell him his pranks have been too broad to bear with, And that your grace hath screened and stood between Much heat and him. I’ll silence me e’en here. Pray you, be round with him. Hamlet within Mother, mother, mother! Queen I’ll warrant you, fear me not. Withdraw; I hear him coming. Polonius conceals himself behind the arras. Enter Hamlet. Hamlet Now mother, what’s the matter? Queen Hamlet, thou hast thy father much offended. Hamlet Mother, you have my father much offended. Queen Come, come, you answer with an idle tongue. Hamlet Go, go, you question with an idle tongue. Queen Why, how now, Hamlet? Hamlet What’s the matter now? Queen Have you forgot me? Hamlet No, by the rood, not so. You are the queen, your husband’s brother’s wife, But—would you were not so!—you are my mother. Queen Nay, then, I’ll set those to you that can speak. Hamlet Come, come, and sit you down. You shall not budge. You go not till I set you up a glass Where you may see the inmost part of you. Queen What wilt thou do? Thou wilt not murder me? Help, help, ho! Polonius Behind the arras What ho! Help, help, help! Hamlet How now, a rat? Dead for a ducat, dead! He stabs through the arras with his rapier. Polonius Behind the arras Oh, I am slain! Hamlet kills Polonius. Queen Oh, me, what hast thou done? Hamlet Nay I know not. Is it the King? Queen Oh, what a rash and bloody deed is this! Hamlet A bloody deed—almost as bad, good mother, As kill a king, and marry with his brother. Queen As kill a king? Hamlet Ay, lady, ’twas my word. He parts the arras and discovers the dead Polonius. Thou wretched, rash, intruding fool, farewell! I took thee for thy betters. Take thy fortune. Thou find’st to be too busy is some danger. To the Queen Leave wringing of your hands. Peace, sit you down, And let me wring your heart, for so I shall If it be made of penetrable stuff, If damnèd custom have not brazed it so That it is proof and bulwark against sense. Queen What have I done, that thou dar’st wag thy tongue In noise so rude against me? Hamlet Such an act That blurs the grace and blush of modesty, Calls virtue hypocrite, takes off the rose From the fair forehead of an innocent love And makes a blister there, makes marriage vows As false as dicers’ oaths—oh, such a deed As from the body of contraction plucks The very soul, and sweet religion makes A rhapsody of words. Heaven’s face doth glow, Yea, this solidity and compound mass, With tristful visage as against the doom, Is thought-sick at the act. Queen Ay me, what act, That roars so loud and thunders in the index? Hamlet Showing her two likenesses : Look here upon this picture, and on this, The counterfeit presentment of two brothers. See what a grace was seated on his brow: Hyperion’s curls, the front of Jove himself, An eye like Mars to threaten or command, A station like the herald Mercury New lighted on a heaven-kissing hill, A combination and a form indeed Where every god did seem to set his seal To give the world assurance of a man. This was your husband. Look you now what follows: Here is your husband, like a mildewed ear, Blasting his wholesome breath. Have you eyes? Could you on this fair mountain leave to feed And batten on this moor? Ha? Have you eyes? You cannot call it love, for at your age The heyday in the blood is tame, it’s humble, And waits upon the judgment, and what judgment Would step from this to this? What devil was’t That thus hath cozened you at hoodman-blind? O shame, where is thy blush? Rebellious hell, If thou canst mutine in a matron’s bones, To flaming youth let virtue be as wax And melt in her own fire. Proclaim no shame When the compulsive ardor gives the charge, Since frost itself as actively doth burn As reason panders will. Queen Oh, Hamlet speak no more! Thou turn’st mine eyes into my very soul, And there I see such black and grainèd spots As will not leave their tinct. Hamlet Nay, but to live In the rank sweat of an enseamèd bed, Stewed in corruption, honeying and making love Over the nasty sty! Queen Oh, speak to me no more! These words like daggers enter in mine ears. No more, sweet Hamlet. Hamlet A murderer and a villain, A slave that is not twentieth part the tithe Of your precedent lord, a vice of kings, A cutpurse of the empire and the rule, That from a shelf the precious diadem stole And put it in his pocket— Queen No more! Enter Ghost. Hamlet A king of shreds and patches— Seeing the Ghost Save me and hover o’er me with your wings, You heavenly guards! What would you, gracious figure? Queen Alas, he’s mad! Hamlet Do you not come your tardy son to chide, That, lapsed in time and passion, lets go by Th’important acting of your dread command? Oh, say! Ghost Do not forget. This visitation Is but to whet thy almost blunted purpose. But look, amazement on thy mother sits. Oh, step between her and her fighting soul! Conceit in weakest bodies strongest works. Speak to her, Hamlet. Hamlet How is it with you, lady? Queen Alas, how is’t with you, That you bend your eye on vacancy, And with th’incorporal air do hold discourse? Forth at your eyes your spirits wildly peep, And, as the sleeping soldiers in th’alarm, Your bedded hair, like life in excrements, Start up and stand on end. O gentle son, Upon the heat and flame of thy distemper Sprinkle cool patience. Whereon do you look? Hamlet On him, on him! Look you how pale he glares! His form and cause conjoined, preaching to stones, Would make them capable. To the Ghost Do not look upon me, Lest with this piteous action you convert My stern effects. Then what I have to do Will want true color, tears perchance for blood. Queen To who do you speak this? Hamlet Do you see nothing there? Queen Nothing at all, yet all that is I see. Hamlet Nor did you nothing hear? Queen No, nothing but ourselves. Hamlet Why, look you there, look how it steals away! My father in his habit as he lived. Look where he goes, even now out at the portal! Exit Ghost. Queen This is the very coinage of your brain. This bodiless creation ecstasy is very cunning in. Hamlet Ecstasy? My pulse as yours doth temperately keep time, And makes as healthful music. It is not madness That I have uttered. Bring me to the test And I the matter will reword, which madness Would gambol from, Mother, for love of grace, Lay not a flattering unction to your soul That not your trespass but my madness speaks. It will but skin and film the ulcerous place, Whilst rank corruption, mining all within, Infects unseen. Confess yourself to heaven, Repent what’s past, avoid what is to come, And do not spread the compost o’er the weeds To make them rank. Forgive me this my virtue, For in the fatness of this pursy times Virtue itself of vice must pardon beg, Yea, curb and woo for leave to do him good. Queen Oh, Hamlet, thou hast cleft my heart in twain. Hamlet Oh, throw away the worser part of it, And live the purer with the other half. Good night. But go not to mine uncle’s bed; Assume a virtue if you have it not. Refrain tonight, And that shall lend a kind of easiness To the next abstinence. Once more good night, And when you are desirous to be blest, I’ll blessing beg of you. For this same lord, I do repent; but heaven hath pleased it so To punish me with this, and this with me, That I must be their scourge and minister. I will bestow him and will answer well The death I gave him. So, again, good night. I must be cruel only to be kind. Thus bad begins, and worse remains behind. Queen What shall I do? Hamlet Not this by no means that I bid you do: Let the blunt King tempt you again to bed, Pinch wanton on your cheek, call you his mouse, And let him, for a pair of reechy kisses, Or paddling in your neck with his damned fingers, Make you to ravel all this matter out That I essentially am not in madness, But mad in craft. ’Twere good you let him know, For who that’s but a queen, fair, sober, wise, Would from a paddock, from a bat, a gib, Such dear concernings hide? Who would do so? No, in dispite of sense and secrecy, Unpeg the basket on the house’s top, Let the birds fly, and like the famous ape, To try conclusions, in the basket creep And break your own neck down. Queen Be thou assured, if words be made of breath And breath of life, I have no life to breathe What thou hast said to me. Hamlet I must to England. You know that? Queen Alack, I had forgot. ’Tis so concluded on. Hamlet This man shall set me packing. I’ll lug the guts into the neighbor room. Mother, good night. Indeed, this counselor Is now most still, most secret, and most grave, Who was in life a foolish prating knave.— Come, sir, to draw toward an end with you.— Good night, mother. Exit Hamlet, tugging in Polonius.

4.1 Enter King. King There’s matters in these sighs. These profound heaves You must translate; ’tis fit we understand them. Where is your son? Queen Ah, my good lord, what have I seen tonight! King What, Gertrude? How does Hamlet? Queen Mad as the seas and wind, when both contend Which is the mightier. In his lawless fit, Behind the arras hearing something stir, He whips his rapier out, and cries, "A rat, a rat!" And in his brainish apprehension kills The unseen good old man. King Oh, heavy deed! It had been so with us had we been there. His liberty is full of threats to all, To you yourself, to us, to everyone. Alas, how shall this bloody deed be answered? It will be laid to us, whose providence Should have kept short, restrained, and out of haunt This mad young man. But so much was our love, We would not understand what was most fit, But like the owner of a foul disease, To keep it from divulging, lets it feed Even on the pith of life. Where is he gone? Queen To draw apart the body he hath killed, O’er whom his very madness, like some ore Among a mineral of metals base, Shows itself pure: he weeps for what is done. King Oh, Gertrude, come away! The sun no sooner shall the mountains touch But we will ship him hence, and this vile deed We must with all our majesty and skill Both countenance and excuse. Enter Rosencrantz and Guildenstern. Ho, Guildenstern! Friends both, go join you with some further aid. Hamlet in madness hath Polonius slain, And from his mother’s closet hath he dragged him. Go seek him out, speak fair, and bring the body Into the chapel. I pray you haste in this. Exit Gentlemen Rosencrantz and Guildenstern. Come, Gertrude, we’ll call up our wisest friends To let them know both what we mean to do And what’s untimely done. Oh, come away! My soul is full of discord and dismay. Exeunt.

4.2 Enter Hamlet. Hamlet

Safely stowed.

Gentlemen

Within Hamlet, Lord Hamlet!

Hamlet

What noise? Who calls on Hamlet? Oh, here they come.

Enter Rosencrantz and Guildenstern. Rosencrantz What have you done, my lord, with the dead body? Hamlet Compounded it with dust, whereto ’tis kin. Rosencrantz Tell us where ’tis, that we may take it thence and bear it to the chapel. Hamlet

Do not believe it.

Rosencrantz

Believe what?

Hamlet

That I can keep your counsel and not mine own. Besides, to be demanded of a sponge, what replication should be made by the son of a king?

Rosencrantz

Take you me for a sponge, my lord?

Hamlet

Ay, sir, that soaks up the King’s countenance, his rewards, his authorities. But such officers do the King best service in the end: he keeps them like an ape in the corner of his jaw, first mouthed to be last swallowed. When he needs what you have gleaned, it is but squeezing you, and, sponge, you shall be dry again.

Rosencrantz

I understand you not, my lord.

Hamlet

I am glad of it. A knavish speech sleeps in a foolish ear.

Rosencrantz

My lord, you must tell us where the body is, and go with us to the King.

Hamlet

The body is with the King, but the King is not with the body. The King is a thing—

Guildenstern

A thing, my lord?

Hamlet

Of nothing. Bring me to him. Hide fox, and all after!

Exeunt.

4.3 Enter King. King I have sent to seek him and to find the body. How dangerous is it that this man goes loose! Yet must not we put the strong law on him; He’s loved of the distracted multitude, Who like not in their judgment but their eyes, And where ’tis so, th’offender’s scourge is weighed, But ne’er the offense. To bear all smooth and even, This sudden sending him away must seem Deliberate pause. Diseases desperate grown By desperate appliance are relieved, Or not at all. Enter Rosencrantz. King How now? What hath befall’n? Rosencrantz Where the dead body is bestowed, my lord, We cannot get from him. King But where is he? Rosencrantz Without, my lord, guarded, to know your pleasure. King Bring him before us. Rosencrantz Calling : Ho, Guildenstern! Bring in my lord. Enter Hamlet and Guildenstern and Guards. King

Now Hamlet, where’s Polonius?

Hamlet

At supper.

King At supper? Where? Hamlet

Not where he eats, but where he is eaten. A certain convocation of worms are e’en at him. Your worm is your only emperor for diet. We fat all creatures else to fat us, and we fat ourself for maggots. Your fat king and your lean beggar is but variable service to dishes, but to one table that’s the end.

King

What dost thou mean by this?

Hamlet

Nothing but to show you how a king may go a progress through the guts of a beggar.

King

Where is Polonius?

Hamlet

In heaven. Send thither to see. If your messenger find him not there, seek him i’th’ other place yourself. But indeed if you find him not this month, you shall nose him as you go up the stairs into the lobby.

King

To some attendants Go seek him there.

Hamlet

He will stay till ye come.

Exeunt attendants. King Hamlet, this deed of thine, for thine especial safety— Which we do tender, as we dearly grieve For that which thou hast done—must send thee hence With fiery quickness. Therefore prepare thyself. The bark is ready, and the wind at help, Th’associates tend, and everything at bent For England. Hamlet For England? King Ay, Hamlet. Hamlet Good. King So is it, if thou knew’st our purposes. Hamlet

I see a cherub that sees him. But come, for England! Farewell, dear mother.

King

Thy loving father, Hamlet.

Hamlet

My mother. Father and mother is man and wife, man and wife is one flesh, and so, my mother. Come, for England!

Exit. King Follow him at foot. Tempt him with speed aboard. Delay it not. I’ll have him hence tonight. Away! For everything is sealed and done That else leans on th’affair. Pray you, make haste. Exeunt all but the King. And England, if my love thou hold’st at aught, As my great power thereof may give thee sense, Since yet thy cicatrice looks raw and red After the Danish sword, and thy free awe Pays homage to us, thou mayst not coldly set Our sovereign process, which imports at full By letters conjuring to that effect The present death of Hamlet. Do it, England, For like the hectic in my blood he rages, And thou must cure me. Till I know ’tis done, Howe’er my haps, my joys were ne’er begun. Exit.

4.4 Enter Fortinbras and a Captain with an army. Fortinbras Go, captain, from me greet the Danish King. Tell him that by his license Fortinbras Claims the conveyance of a promised march Over his kingdom. You know the rendezvous. If that his majesty would aught with us, We shall express our duty in his eye; And let him know so. Captain I will do’t, my lord. Fortinbras To his soldiers Go safely on. Exit with all the rest.

4.5 Enter Queen and Horatio. Queen I will not speak with her. Horatio She is importunate, indeed, distract. Her mood will needs be pitied. Queen What would she have? Horatio She speaks much of her father, says she hears There’s tricks i’th’ world, and hems, and beats her heart, Spurns enviously at straws, speaks things in doubt That carry but half sense. Her speech is nothing, Yet the unshapèd use of it doth move The hearers to collection; they aim at it, And botch the words up fit to their own thoughts, Which, as her winks and nods and gestures yield them, Indeed would make one think there would be thought, Though nothing sure, yet much unhappily. Queen ’Twere good she were spoken with, For she may strew dangerous conjectures In ill-breeding minds. Let her come in. Exit Gentleman. Aside To my sick soul, as sin’s true nature is, Each toy seems prologue to some great amiss. So full of artless jealousy is guilt, It spills itself in fearing to be spilt. Enter Ophelia, distracted. Ophelia Where is the beauteous majesty of Denmark? Queen How now, Ophelia? Ophelia She sings. How should I your true love know from another one? By his cockle hat and staff, And his sandal shoon. Queen Alas, sweet lady, what imports this song? Ophelia

Say you? Nay, pray you, mark.

She sings. He is dead and gone, lady, He is dead and gone. At his head a grass-green turf, At his heels a stone. Enter King. Queen

Nay, but Ophelia—

Ophelia

Pray you, mark. She sings.

White his shroud as the mountain snow— Queen

Alas, look here, my lord.

Ophelia She sings. Larded with sweet flowers, Which bewept to the grave did not go With true-love showers. King

How do ye, pretty lady?

Ophelia

Well God dild you. They say the owl was a baker’s daughter. Lord, we know what we are, but know not what we may be. God be at your table!

King

Conceit upon her father.

Ophelia

Pray you, let’s have no words of this. But when they ask you what it means, say you this:

She sings. Tomorrow is Saint Valentine’s day, All in the morning betime, And I a maid at your window To be your Valentine. Then up he rose, and donned his clothes, And dupped the chamber door, Let in the maid, that out a maid Never departed more . King

Pretty Ophelia—

Ophelia

Indeed, la? Without an oath I’ll make an end on’t.

She sings. By Gis and by Saint Charity, Alack, and fie for shame! Young men will do’t if they come to’t; By Cock, they are too blame. Quoth she, Before you tumbled me, you promised me to wed. So would I ha’ done, by yonder sun, An thou hadst not come to my bed. King

How long hath she been this?

Ophelia

I hope all will be well. We must be patient. But I cannot choose but weep to think they should lay him i’th’ cold ground. My brother shall know of it. And so I thank you for your good counsel. Come, my coach! Good night, ladies, good night, sweet ladies. Good night, good night.

Exit. King To Horatio. Follow her close. Give her good watch, I pray you. Exit Horatio. Oh, this is the poison of deep grief! It springs All from her father’s death. Oh, Gertrude, Gertrude, When sorrows comes, they come not single spies But in battalias. First, her father slain; Next, your son gone, and he most violent author Of his own just remove; the people muddied, Thick and unwholesome in their thoughts and whispers For good Polonius’ death, and we have done but greenly In hugger-mugger to inter him; poor Ophelia Divided from herself and her fair judgment, Without the which we are pictures or mere beasts; Last, and as much containing as all these, Her brother is in secret come from France, Keeps on his wonder, keeps himself in clouds, And wants not buzzers to infect his ear With pestilent speeches of his father’s death, Wherein necessity, of matter beggared, Will nothing stick our persons to arraign In ear and ear. O my dear Gertrude, this, Like to a murdering piece, in many places Gives me superfluous death. A noise within. Enter a Messenger. Queen Alack, what noise is this? King Where are my Switzers? Let them guard the door. What is the matter? Messenger Save yourself, my lord! The ocean, overpeering of his list, Eats not the flats with more impiteous haste Than young Laertes, in a riotous head, O’erbears your officers. The rabble call him lord, And, as the world were now but to begin, Antiquity forgot, custom not known, The ratifiers and props of every word, They cry, "Choose we! Laertes shall be king!" Caps, hands, and tongues applaud it to the clouds: "Laertes shall be king, Laertes king!" Queen How cheerfully on the false trail they cry! Oh, this is counter, you false Danish dogs! Noise within. Enter Laertes. King The doors are broke. 1 Laertes Where is the king, sirs?—Stand you all without. 2 3 All Offstage No, let’s come in. Laertes I pray you, give me leave. All Offstage We will, we will. Laertes I thank you. Keep the door.— Laertes’s followers remain outside the door. O thou vile king, give me my father! Queen Calmly, good Laertes. Laertes That drop of blood that calms proclaims me bastard, Cries "Cuckold!" to my father, brands the harlot Even here between the chaste unsmirchèd brow Of my true mother. King What is the cause, Laertes, That thy rebellion looks so giant-like?— Let him go, Gertrude. Do not fear our person. There’s such divinity doth hedge a king That treason can but peep to what it would, Acts little of his will.—Tell me, Laertes, Why thou art thus incensed?—Let him go, Gertrude.— Speak, man. Laertes Where’s my father? King Dead. Queen But not by him. King Let him demand his fill. Laertes How came he dead? I’ll not be juggled with. To hell, allegiance! Vows, to the blackest devil! Conscience and grace, to the profoundest pit! I dare damnation. To this point I stand, That both the worlds I give to negligence, Let come what comes, only I’ll be revenged Most throughly for my father. King Who shall stay you? Laertes My will, not all the world. And for my means, I’ll husband them so well They shall go far with little. King Good Laertes, If you desire to know the certainty Of your dear father’s death, is’t writ in your revenge That, swoopstake, you will draw both friend and foe, Winner and loser? Laertes None but his enemies. King Will you know them, then? Laertes To his good friends thus wide I’ll ope my arms, And, like the kind life-rend’ring pelican, Repast them with my blood. King Why, now you speak Like a good child and a true gentleman. That I am guiltless of your father’s death, And am most sensible in grief for it, It shall as level to your judgment pierce As day does to your eye. A noise within. Voices within Let her come in. Enter Ophelia Laertes How now, what noise is that? O heat, dry up my brains! Tears seven times salt Burn out the sense and virtue of mine eye! By heaven, thy madness shall be paid by weight Till our scale turns the beam. O rose of May, Dear maid, kind sister, sweet Ophelia! O heavens, is’t possible a young maid’s wits Should be as mortal as an old man’s life? Nature is fine in love, and where ’tis fine It sends some precious instance of itself After the thing it loves. Ophelia She sings. They bore him bare-faced on the bier, Hey non nonny, nonny, hey nonny, And on his grave rains many a tear. Fare you well, my dove. Laertes Hadst thou thy wits, and didst persuade revenge, It could not move thus. Ophelia

You must sing "down, a-down," an you call him "a-down-a." Oh, how the wheel becomes it! It is the false steward that stole his master’s daughter.

Laertes

This nothing’s more than matter.

Ophelia

There’s rosemary; that’s for remembrance. Pray, love, remember. And there is pansies; that’s for thoughts.

Laertes

A document in madness, thoughts and remembrance fitted.

Ophelia

There’s fennel for you, and columbines. There’s rue for you, and here’s some for me. We may call it herb-grace o’Sundays. Oh, you must wear your rue with a difference. There’s a daisy. I would give you some violets, but they withered all when my father died. They say he made a good end.

She sings. For bonny sweet Robin is all my joy. Laertes Thought and affliction, passion, hell itself She turns to favor and to prettiness. Ophelia She sings. And will he not come again? And will he not come again? No, no, he is dead, Go to thy deathbed, He never will come again. His beard as white as snow, All flaxen was his poll. He is gone, he is gone, And we cast away moan. Gramercy on his soul!

And of all Christian souls, I pray God. God buy ye!

Exeunt Ophelia and the Queen, following her. Laertes

Do you see this, you gods?

King

Laertes, I must commune with your grief, Or you deny me right. Go but apart, Make choice of whom your wisest friends you will, And they shall hear and judge ’twixt you and me. If by direct or by collateral hand They find us touched, we will our kingdom give, Our crown, our life, and all that we call ours To you in satisfaction; but if not, Be you content to lend your patience to us, And we shall jointly labor with your soul To give it due content.

Laertes

Let this be so. His means of death, his obscure burial— No trophy, sword, nor hatchment o’er his bones, No noble rite, nor formal ostentation— Cry to be heard as ’twere from heaven to earth, That I must call in question.

King

So you shall, And where th’offense is, let the great ax fall. I pray you go with me.

Exeunt.

4.6 Enter Horatio, with an Attendant i.e., Servingman. Horatio

What are they that would speak with me?

Servingman

Sailors, sir. They say they have letters for you.

Horatio

Let them come in. Exit Servingman. I do not know from what part of the world I should be greeted, if not from Lord Hamlet.

Enter Sailor with one or more companions. Sailor

God bless you, sir.

Horatio

Let him bless thee too.

Sailor

He shall, sir, an’t please him. There’s a letter for you, sir. It comes from th’ambassadors that was bound for England, if your name be Horatio, as I am let to know it is.

He gives a letter. Horatio

Reads the letter. Horatio, when thou shalt have overlooked this, give these fellows some means to the King; they have letters for him. Ere we were two days old at sea, a pirate of very warlike appointment gave us chase. Finding ourselves too slow of sail, we put on a compelled valor. In the grapple, I boarded them. On the instant they got clear of our ship, so I alone became their prisoner. They have dealt with me like thieves of mercy, but they knew what they did. I am to do a good turn for them. Let the King have the letters I have sent, and repair thou to me with as much haste as thou wouldest fly death. I have words to speak in your ear will make thee dumb, yet are they much too light for the bore of the matter. These good fellows will bring thee where I am. Rosencrantz and Guildenstern hold their course for England. Of them I have much to tell thee. Farewell. He that thou knowest thine, Hamlet.

: Come, I will give you way for these your letters, /And do’t the speedier that you may direct me /To him from whom you brought them. Exit with the sailors.

4.7 Enter King and Laertes. King Now must your conscience my acquittance seal, And you must put me in your heart for friend, Sith you have heard, and with a knowing ear, That he which hath your noble father slain Pursued my life. Laertes It well appears. But tell me Why you proceeded not against these feats So crimeful and so capital in nature, As by your safety, wisdom, all things else, You mainly were stirred up. King Oh, for two special reasons, Which may to you perhaps seem much unsinewed, And yet to me they are strong. The Queen his mother Lives almost by his looks, and for myself— My virtue or my plague, be it either which— She’s so conjunctive to my life and soul That, as the star moves not but in his sphere, I could not but by her. The other motive Why to a public count I might not go Is the great love the general gender bear him, Who, dipping all his faults in their affection, Would, like the spring that turneth wood to stone, Convert his gyves to graces, so that my arrows, Too slightly timbered for so loud a wind, Would have reverted to my bow again, And not where I had armed them. Laertes And so have I a noble father lost, A sister driven into desperate terms, Who has, if praises may go back again, Stood challenger on mount of all the age For her perfections. But my revenge will come. King Break not your sleeps for that. You must not think That we are made of stuff so flat and dull That we can let our beard be shook with danger And think it pastime. You shortly shall hear more. I loved your father, and we love ourself, And that, I hope, will teach you to imagine— Enter a Messenger with letters. How now? What news? Messenger Letters, my lord, from Hamlet. This to your majesty, this to the Queen. He gives letters. King From Hamlet? Who brought them? Messenger Sailors, my lord, they say. I saw them not. They were given me by Claudio. He received them. King Laertes, you shall hear them. To the Messenger Leave us. Exit Messenger. He reads. High and mighty, you shall know I am set naked on your kingdom. Tomorrow shall I beg leave to see your kingly eyes, when I shall (first asking your pardon thereunto) recount th’occasions of my sudden and more strange return. Hamlet. King What should this mean? Are all the rest come back? Or is it some abuse? Or no such thing? Laertes Know you the hand? King ’Tis Hamlet’s character. "Naked!" And in a postscript here he says "alone." Can you advise me? Laertes I am lost in it, my lord. But let him come. It warms the very sickness in my heart That I shall live and tell him to his teeth "Thus diddest thou." King If it be so, Laertes— As how should it be so, how otherwise?— Will you be ruled by me? Laertes Ay, my lord, If so you’ll not o’errule me to a peace. King To thine own peace. If he be now returned As checking at his voyage, and that he means No more to undertake it, I will work him To an exploit, now ripe in my device, Under the which he shall not choose but fall; And for his death no wind of blame shall breathe, But even his mother shall uncharge the practice And call it accident. Some two months hence Here was a gentleman of Normandy. I have seen myself, and served against, the French, And they ran well on horseback, but this gallant Had witchcraft in’t; he grew into his seat, And to such wondrous doing brought his horse As had he been incorpsed and demi-natured With the brave beast. So far he passed my thought That I in forgery of shapes and tricks Come short of what he did. Laertes A Norman was’t? King A Norman. Laertes Upon my life, Lamound. King The very same. Laertes I know him well. He is the brooch indeed And gem of all our nation. King He made confession of you, And gave you such a masterly report For art and exercise in your defense, And for your rapier most especially, That he cried out ’twould be a sight indeed If one could match you, sir. This report of his Did Hamlet so envenom with his envy That he could nothing do but wish and beg Your sudden coming o’er to play with him. Now, out of this— Laertes Why out of this, my lord? King Laertes, was your father dear to you? Or are you like the painting of a sorrow, A face without a heart? Laertes Why ask you this? King Not that I think you did not love your father, But that I know love is begun by time, And that I see, in passages of proof, Time qualifies the spark and fire of it. Hamlet comes back. What would you undertake To show yourself your father’s son indeed, More than in words? Laertes To cut his throat i’th’church. King No place, indeed, should murder sanctuarize. Revenge should have no bounds. But good Laertes, Will you do this: keep close within your chamber. Hamlet returned shall know you are come home. We’ll put on those shall praise your excellence And set a double varnish on the fame The Frenchman gave you, bring you in fine together, And wager on your heads. He being remiss, Most generous, and free from all contriving, Will not peruse the foils, so that with ease, Or with a little shuffling, you may choose A sword unbated, and in a pass of practice Requite him for your father. Laertes I will do’t, And for that purpose I’ll anoint my sword. I bought an unction of a mountebank So mortal I but dipped a knife in it, Where it draws blood no cataplasm so rare, Collected from all simples that have virtue Under the moon, can save the thing from death That is but scratched withal. I’ll touch my point With this contagion, that if I gall him slightly, It may be death. King Lets further think of this, Weigh what convenience both of time and means May fit us to our shape. If this should fail, And that our drift look through our bad performance, ’Twere better not assayed. Therefore this project Should have a back or second, that might hold If this should blast in proof. Soft, let me see. We’ll make a solemn wager on your comings— I ha’t! When in your motion you are hot and dry— As make your bouts more violent to the end— And that he calls for drink, I’ll have prepared him A chalice for the nonce, whereon but sipping, If he by chance escape your venomed stuck, Our purpose may hold there.—How, sweet Queen? Enter Queen. Queen One woe doth tread upon another’s heel, So fast they’ll follow. Your sister’s drowned, Laertes. Laertes Drowned! Oh, where? Queen There is a willow grows aslant a brook That shows his hoar leaves in the glassy stream. There with fantastic garlands did she come, Of crowflowers, nettles, daisies, and long purples, That liberal shepherds give a grosser name, But our cold maids do "dead men’s fingers" call them. There on the pendent boughs her coronet weeds Clamb’ring to hang, an envious sliver broke, When down the weedy trophies and herself Fell in the weeping brook. Her clothes spread wide, And mermaid-like awhile they bore her up, Which time she chanted snatches of old tunes, As one incapable of her own distress, Or like a creature native and endued Unto that element. But long it could not be Till that her garments, heavy with their drink, Pulled the poor wretch from her melodious lay To muddy death. Laertes Alas, then, is she drowned? Queen Drowned, drowned. Laertes Too much of water hast thou, poor Ophelia, And therefore I forbid my tears. But yet It is our trick; nature her custom holds, Let shame say what it will. He weeps. When these are gone, The woman will be out. Adieu, my lord. I have a speech of fire that fain would blaze, But that this folly douts it. Exit. King Let’s follow, Gertrude. How much I had to do to calm his rage! Now fear I this will give it start again; Therefore let’s follow. Exeunt.

5.1 Enter two Clowns with spades and mattocks. Clown

Is she to be buried in Christian burial, that willfully seeks her own salvation?

Other

I tell thee she is, and therefore make her grave straight. The crowner hath sat on her, and finds it Christian burial.

Clown

How can that be, unless she drowned herself in her own defense?

Other

Why, ’tis found so.

Clown

It must be se offendendo , it cannot be else. For here lies the point: if I drown myself wittingly, it argues an act, and an act hath three branches: it is an act to do and to perform. Argal, she drowned herself wittingly.

Other

Nay, but hear you, goodman delver.

Clown

Give me leave. Here lies the water; good. Here stands the man; good. If the man go to this water and drown himself, it is, will he, nill he, he goes; mark you that? But if the water come to him and drown him, he drowns not himself. Argal, he that is not guilty of his own death shortens not his own life.

Other

But is this law?

Clown

Ay, marry, is’t, crowner’s quest law.

Other

Will you ha’ the truth on’t? If this had not been a gentlewoman, she should have been buried out of Christian burial.

Clown

Why, there thou say’st, and the more pity that great folk should have countenance in this world to drown or hang themselves more than their even-Christian. Come, my spade. There is no ancient gentlemen but gardeners, ditchers, and gravemakers. They hold up Adam’s profession.

Other

Was he a gentleman?

Clown

He was the first that ever bore arms.

Other

Why, he had none.

Clown

Why, art a heathen? How dost thou understand the Scripture? The Scripture says Adam digged. Could he dig without arms? I’ll put another question to thee. If thou answerest me not to the purpose, confess thyself—

Other

Go to.

Clown

What is he that builds stronger than either the mason, the shipwright, or the carpenter?

Other

The gallows-maker, for that frame outlives a thousand tenants.

Clown

I like thy wit well, in good faith, the gallows does well. But how does it well? It does well to those that do ill. Now, thou dost ill to say the gallows is built stronger than the church. Argal, the gallows may do well to thee. To’t again, come.

Other

"Who builds stronger than a mason, a shipwright, or a carpenter?"

Clown

Ay, tell me that, and unyoke.

Other

Marry, now I can tell.

Clown

To’t.

Other

Mass, I cannot tell.

Enter Hamlet and Horatio afar off. Clown

Cudgel thy brains no more about it, for your dull ass will not mend his pace with beating; and when you are asked this question next, say "a grave-maker." The houses that he makes lasts till doomsday. Go, get thee to Youghan, fetch me a stoup of liquor. Exit Second Clown. The First Clown digs.

Sings. In youth when I did love, did love, Methought it was very sweet To contract—oh—the time for—a—my behove, Oh, methought there was nothing meet. Hamlet

Has this fellow no feeling of his business, that he sings at grave-making?

Horatio

Custom hath made it in him a property of easiness.

Hamlet

’Tis e’en so. The hand of little employment hath the daintier sense.

Clown Clown sings. But age with his stealing steps Hath caught me in his clutch, And hath shipped me intil the land, As if I had never been such. The Clown throws up a skull. Hamlet

That skull had a tongue in it and could sing once. How the knave jowls it to th’ ground, as if it were Cain’s jawbone, that did the first murder! It might be the pate of a politician, which this ass o’er-offices, one that could circumvent God, might it not?

Horatio

It might, my lord.

Hamlet

Or of a courtier, which could say, "Good morrow, sweet lord, how dost thou, good lord?" This might be my Lord Such-a-one, that praised my Lord Such-a-one’s horse when he meant to beg it, might it not?

Horatio

Ay, my lord.

Hamlet

Why, e’en so. And now my Lady Worm’s, chapless, and knocked about the mazard with a sexton’s spade. Here’s fine revolution, if we had the trick to see’t. Did these bones cost no more the breeding but to play at loggets with ’em? Mine ache to think on’t.

Clown

Clown sings.

Song. A pickax and a spade, a spade, For and a shrouding sheet; Oh, a pit of clay for to be made For such a guest is meet. He throws up another skull. Hamlet

There’s another. Why might not that be the skull of a lawyer? Where be his quiddits now? His quillets? His cases? His tenures, and his tricks? Why does he suffer this rude knave now to knock him about the sconce with a dirty shovel, and will not tell him of his action of battery? Hum! This fellow might be in’s time a great buyer of land, with his statutes, his recognizances, his fines, his double vouchers, his recoveries. Is this the fine of his fines, and the recovery of his recoveries, to have his fine pate full of fine dirt? Will his vouchers vouch him no more of his purchases, and double ones too, than the length and breadth of a pair of indentures? The very conveyances of his lands will hardly lie in this box, and must the inheritor himself have no more? Ha?

Horatio

Not a jot more, my lord.

Hamlet

Is not parchment made of sheepskins?

Horatio

Ay, my lord, and of calves’ skins too.

Hamlet

They are sheep and calves that seek out assurance in that. I will speak to this fellow.—Whose grave’s this, sir?

Clown

Mine, sir.

Oh, a pit of clay for to be made For such a guest is meet/ Hamlet

I think it be thine indeed, for thou liest in’t.

Clown

You lie out on’t, sir, and therefore it is not yours. For my part, I do not lie in’t, and yet it is mine.

Hamlet

Thou dost lie in’t, to be in’t and say ’tis thine. ’Tis for the dead, not for the quick; therefore thou liest.

Clown

’Tis a quick lie, sir; ’twill away again from me to you.

Hamlet

What man dost thou dig it for?

Clown

For no man, sir.

Hamlet

What woman, then?

Clown

For none, neither.

Hamlet

Who is to be buried in’t?

Clown

One that was a woman, sir, but, rest her soul, she’s dead.

Hamlet

To Horatio How absolute the knave is! We must speak by the card, or equivocation will undo us. By the Lord, Horatio, these three years I have taken note of it, the age is grown so picked that the toe of the peasant comes so near the heels of our courtier he galls his kibe.—How long hast thou been grave-maker?

Clown

Of all the days i’th’year, I came to’t that day that our last King Hamlet o’ercame Fortinbras.

Hamlet

How long is that since?

Clown

Cannot you tell that? Every fool can tell that. It was the very day that young Hamlet was born—he that was mad and sent into England.

Hamlet

Ay, marry, why was he sent into England?

Clown

Why, because he was mad. He shall recover his wits there; or if he do not, it’s no great matter there.

Hamlet

Why?

Clown

’Twill not be seen in him. There the men are as mad as he.

Hamlet

How came he mad?

Clown

Very strangely, they say.

Hamlet

How strangely?

Clown

Faith, e’en with losing his wits.

Hamlet

Upon what ground?

Clown

Why, here in Denmark. I have been sexton here, man and boy, thirty years.

Hamlet

How long will a man lie i’th’earth ere he rot?

Clown

I’faith, if he be not rotten before he die—as we have many pocky corses nowadays that will scarce hold the laying in—he will last you some eight year, or nine year. A tanner will last you nine year.

Hamlet

Why he more than another?

Clown

Why, sir, his hide is so tanned with his trade that he will keep out water a great while; and your water is a sore decayer of your whoreson dead body. He picks up a skull. Here’s a skull now: this skull has lain in the earth three-and-twenty years.

Hamlet

Whose was it?

Clown

A whoreson mad fellow’s it was. Whose do you think it was?

Hamlet

Nay, I know not.

Clown

A pestilence on him for a mad rogue! ’A poured a flagon of Rhenish on my head once. This same skull, sir, this same skull, sir, was Yorick’s skull, the King’s jester.

Hamlet

This?

Clown

E’en that.

Hamlet

Let me see. He takes the skull. Alas, poor Yorick! I knew him, Horatio, a fellow of infinite jest, of most excellent fancy. He hath borne me on his back a thousand times; and how abhorred my imagination is! My gorge rises at it. Here hung those lips that I have kissed I know not how oft.— Where be your gibes now? Your gambols? Your songs? Your flashes of merriment that were wont to set the table on a roar? No one now to mock your own jeering? Quite chopfall’n? Now get you to my lady’s chamber and tell her, let her paint an inch thick, to this favor she must come. Make her laugh at that. Prithee, Horatio, tell me one thing.

Horatio

What’s that, my lord?

Hamlet

Dost thou think Alexander looked o’ this fashion i’th’earth?

Horatio

E’en so.

Hamlet

And smelt so? Puh!

Horatio

E’en so, my lord.

Hamlet

To what base uses we may return, Horatio! Why may not imagination trace the noble dust of Alexander till he find it stopping a bunghole?

Horatio

’Twere to consider too curiously to consider so.

Hamlet

No, faith, not a jot. But to follow him thither with modesty enough, and likelihood to lead it, as thus: Alexander died; Alexander was buried; Alexander returneth into dust; the dust is earth; of earth we make loam, and why of that loam whereto he was converted might they not stop a beer-barrel?

Imperial Caesar, dead and turned to clay, Might stop a hole to keep the wind away. Oh, that that earth which kept the world in awe Should patch a wall t’expel the winter’s flaw! But soft, but soft, aside! Here comes the King, Enter King, Queen, Laertes, and a coffin of Ophelia, in funeral procession, with a Priest, with Lords attendant. The Queen, the courtiers. Who is that they follow, And with such maimèd rites? This doth betoken, The corse they follow did with desperate hand Fordo it own life. ’Twas some estate. Couch we awhile and mark. Hamlet and Horatio conceal themselves. Ophelia’s body is taken to the grave. Laertes What ceremony else? Hamlet To Horatio That is Laertes, a very noble youth. Mark. Laertes What ceremony else? Priest Her obsequies have been as far enlarged As we have warrantise. Her death was doubtful, And, but that great command o’ersways the order, She should in ground unsanctified have lodged Till the last trumpet. For charitable prayer, Shards, flints, and pebbles should be thrown on her; Yet here she is allowed her virgin rites, Her maiden strewments, and the bringing home Of bell and burial. Laertes Must there no more be done? Priest No more be done. We should profane the service of the dead To sing sage requiem and such rest to her As to peace-parted souls. Laertes Lay her i’th’earth, And from her fair and unpolluted flesh May violets spring! I tell thee, churlish priest, A minist’ring angel shall my sister be When thou liest howling. Hamlet To Horatio What, the fair Ophelia? Queen Scattering flowers Sweets to the sweet! Farewell. I hoped thou shouldst have been my Hamlet’s wife. I thought thy bride-bed to have decked, sweet maid, And not t’have strewed thy grave. Laertes Oh, terrible woe Fall ten times treble on that cursèd head Whose wicked deed thy most ingenious sense Deprived thee of! Hold off the earth awhile, Till I have caught her once more in mine arms. Leaps in the grave. Now pile your dust upon the quick and dead, Till of this flat a mountain you have made To o’ertop old Pelion, or the skyish head Of blue Olympus. Hamlet Coming forward What is he whose griefs Bears such an emphasis, whose phrase of sorrow Conjures the wand’ring stars, and makes them stand Like wonder-wounded hearers? This is I, Hamlet the Dane. Laertes Grappling with Hamlet The devil take thy soul! Hamlet Thou pray’st not well. I prithee take thy fingers from my throat. Sir, though I am not splenative and rash, Yet have I something in me dangerous, Which let thy wiseness fear. Away thy hand! King Pluck them asunder. Queen Hamlet, Hamlet! Gentleman Good my lord, be quiet. Hamlet and Laertes are parted. Hamlet Why, I will fight with him upon this theme Until my eyelids will no longer wag. Queen Oh, my son, what theme? Hamlet I loved Ophelia. Forty thousand brothers Could not, with all their quantity of love, Make up my sum. What wilt thou do for her? King Oh, he is mad, Laertes. Queen For love of God, forbear him. Hamlet Come, show me what thou’lt do. Woo’t weep? Woo’t fight? Woo’t tear thyself? Woo’t drink up eisil? Eat a crocodile? I’ll do’t. Dost thou come here to whine? To outface me with leaping in her grave? Be buried quick with her, and so will I. And if thou prate of mountains, let them throw Millions of acres on us, till our ground, Singeing his pate against the burning zone, Make Ossa like a wart. Nay, an thou’lt mouth, I’ll rant as well as thou. King This is mere madness, And thus awhile the fit will work on him; Anon, as patient as the female dove When that her golden couplet are disclosed, His silence will sit drooping. Hamlet To Laertes Hear you, sir: What is the reason that you use me thus? I loved you ever. But it is no matter. Let Hercules himself do what he may, The cat will mew, and dog will have his day. Exit. King I pray you, good Horatio, wait upon him. Exit Horatio. Aside to Laertes Strengthen then your patience in our last night’s speech; We’ll put the matter to the present push.— Good Gertrude, set some watch over your son.— This grave shall have a living monument. An hour of quiet shortly shall we see; Till then, in patience our proceeding be. Exeunt.

5.2 Enter Hamlet and Horatio. Hamlet So much for this, sir. Now let me see, the other. You do remember all the circumstance? Horatio + Remember it, my lord! Hamlet Sir, in my heart there was a kind of fighting That would not let me sleep. Methought I lay Worse than the mutines in the bilboes. Rashly— And praise be rashness for it!—let us know, Our indiscretion sometimes serves us well When our dear plots do pall, and that should teach us There’s a divinity that shapes our ends, Rough-hew them how we will. Horatio That is most certain. Hamlet Up from my cabin, My sea-gown scarfed about me in the dark, Groped I to find out them; had my desire, Fingered their packet, and in fine withdrew To mine own room again, making so bold, My fears forgetting manners, to unseal Their grand commission; where I found, Horatio— Oh, royal knavery!— an exact command, Larded with many several sorts of reason, Importing Denmark’s health, and England’s too, With, hoo! such bugs and goblins in my life, That on the supervise, no leisure bated, No, not to stay the grinding of the ax, My head should be struck off. Horatio Is’t possible? Hamlet Showing a document Here’s the commission. Read it at more leisure. But wilt thou hear me how I did proceed? Horatio I beseech you. Hamlet Being thus benetted round with villains, Ere I could make a prologue to my brains, They had begun the play. I sat me down, Devised a new commission, wrote it fair. I once did hold it, as our statists do, A baseness to write fair, and labored much How to forget that learning, but, sir, now It did me yeoman’s service. Wilt thou know The effects of what I wrote? Horatio Ay, good my lord. Hamlet An earnest conjuration from the King, As England was his faithful tributary, As love between them as the palm should flourish, As peace should still her wheaten garland wear And stand a comma ’tween their amities, And many suchlike "as"es of great charge, That on the view and know of these contents, Without debatement further, more or less, He should the bearers put to sudden death, Not shriving time allowed. Horatio How was this sealed? Hamlet Why, even in that was heaven ordinate. I had my father’s signet in my purse, Which was the model of that Danish seal; Folded the writ up in form of the other, Subscribed it, gave’t th’impression, placed it safely, The changeling never known. Now the next day Was our sea fight, and what to this was sequent Thou know’st already. Horatio So Guildenstern and Rosencrantz go to’t. Hamlet Why, man, they did make love to this employment. They are not near my conscience. Their debate Doth by their own insinuation grow. ’Tis dangerous when the baser nature comes Between the pass and fell incensèd points Of mighty opposites. Horatio Why, what a King is this! Hamlet Does it not, think’st thee, stand me now upon— He that hath killed my King and whored my mother, Popped in between th’election and my hopes, Thrown out his angle for my proper life, And with such cozenage—is’t not perfect conscience To quit him with this arm? And is’t not to be damned To let this canker of our nature come In further evil? Horatio It must be shortly known to him from England What is the issue of the business there. Hamlet It will be short. The interim’s mine, and a man’s life’s no more Than to say one. But I am very sorry, good Horatio, That to Laertes I forgot myself, For by the image of my cause I see The portraiture of his. I’ll count his favors. But sure the bravery of his grief did put me Into a tow’ring passion. Horatio Peace, who comes here? Enter young Osric. Osric

Your lordship is right welcome back to Denmark.

Hamlet

I humbly thank you, sir. Aside to Horatio Dost know this water-fly?

Horatio

Aside to Hamlet No, my good lord.

Hamlet

Aside to Horatio Thy state is the more gracious, for ’tis a vice to know him. He hath much land, and fertile. Let a beast be lord of beasts, and his crib shall stand at the King’s mess. ’Tis a chough, but, as I saw, spacious in the possession of dirt.

Osric

Sweet lord, if your friendship were at leisure, I should impart a thing to you from his majesty.

Hamlet

I will receive it with all diligence of spirit. Put your bonnet to his right use. ’Tis for the head.

Osric

I thank your lordship, ’tis very hot.

Hamlet

No, believe me, ’tis very cold. The wind is northerly.

Osric

It is indifferent cold, my lord, indeed.

Hamlet

Methinks it is very sultry and hot for my complexion.

Osric

Exceedingly, my lord, it is very sultry, as ’twere— I cannot tell how. But, my lord, his majesty bade me signify to you that he has laid a great wager on your head. Sir, this is the matter—

Hamlet

Reminding Osric once more about his hat I beseech you, remember.

Osric

Nay, in good faith, for mine ease, in good faith. Sir, you are not ignorant of what excellence Laertes is at his weapon.

Hamlet

What’s his weapon?

Osric

Rapier and dagger.

Hamlet

That’s two of his weapons—but well.

Osric

The King, sir, has waged with him six Barbary horses, against the which he imponed, as I take it, six French rapiers and poniards, with their assigns, as girdle, hangers, or so. Three of the carriages, in faith, are very dear to fancy, very responsive to the hilts, most delicate carriages, and of very liberal conceit.

Hamlet

What call you the carriages?

Osric

The carriages, sir, are the hangers.

Hamlet

The phrase would be more germane to the matter if we could carry cannon by our sides; I would it might be "hangers" till then. But on. Six Barbary horses against six French swords, their assigns, and three liberal-conceited carriages: that’s the French bet against the Danish. Why is this "imponed," as you call it?

Osric

The King, sir, hath laid that in a dozen passes between you and him, he shall not exceed you three hits. He hath one twelve for nine, and that would come to immediate trial, if your lordship would vouchsafe the answer.

Hamlet

How if I answer no?

Osric

I mean, my lord, the opposition of your person in trial.

Hamlet

Sir, I will walk here in the hall. If it please his majesty, ’tis the breathing time of day with me. Let the foils be brought, the gentleman willing, and the King hold his purpose, I will win for him if I can; if not, I’ll gain nothing but my shame and the odd hits.

Osric

Shall I redeliver you e’en so?

Hamlet

To this effect, sir, after what flourish your nature will.

Osric

I commend my duty to your lordship.

Hamlet

Yours, yours. Exit Osric. He does well to commend it himself; there are no tongues else for’s turn.

Horatio

This lapwing runs away with the shell on his head.

Hamlet

He did comply with his dug before he sucked it. Thus had he, and many more of the same bevy that I know the drossy age dotes on, only got the tune of the time and outward habit of encounter, a kind of yeasty collection, which carries them through and through the most fanned and winnowed opinions; and do but blow them to their trials, the bubbles are out.

Horatio

You will lose this wager, my lord.

Hamlet

I do not think so. Since he went into France, I have been in continual practice; I shall win at the odds. But thou wouldest not think how all here about my heart, but it is no matter.

Horatio

Nay, good my lord—

Hamlet

It is but foolery, but it is such a kind of gaingiving as would perhaps trouble a woman.

Horatio

If your mind dislike anything, obey. I will forestall their repair hither and say you are not fit.

Hamlet

Not a whit, we defy augury. There’s a special providence in the fall of a sparrow. If it be now, ’tis not to come; if it be not to come, it will be now; if it be not now, yet it will come. The readiness is all, since no man has aught of what he leaves. What is’t to leave betimes?

Enter King, Queen, and Lords, with other Attendants, with foils and gauntlets, a table, and flagons of wine on it. King Come, Hamlet, come, and take this hand from me. The King puts Laertes’s hand into Hamlet’s. Hamlet To Laertes Give me your pardon, sir. I’ve done you wrong, But pardon’t as you are a gentleman. This presence knows, And you must needs have heard, how I am punished With sore distraction. What I have done That might your nature, honor, and exception Roughly awake, I hear proclaim was madness. Was’t Hamlet wronged Laertes? Never Hamlet. If Hamlet from himself be ta’en away, And when he’s not himself does wrong Laertes, Then Hamlet does it not; Hamlet denies it. Who does it, then? His madness? If’t be so, Hamlet is of the faction that is wronged; His madness is poor Hamlet’s enemy. Sir, in this audience, Let my disclaiming from a purposed evil Free me so far in your most generous thoughts That I have shot mine arrow o’er the house And hurt my mother. Laertes I am satisfied in nature, Whose motive in this case should stir me most To my revenge. But in my terms of honor I stand aloof, and will no reconcilement, Till by some elder masters of known honor I have a voice and precedent of peace To keep my name ungorged. But till that time I do receive your offered love like love, And will not wrong it. Hamlet I do embrace it freely, And will this brother’s wager frankly play.— Give us the foils.—Come on. Laertes Come, one for me. Hamlet I’ll be your foil, Laertes. In mine ignorance Your skill shall like a star i’th’darkest night Stick fiery off indeed. Laertes You mock me, sir. Hamlet No, by this hand. King Give them the foils, young Osric. Foils are handed to Hamlet and Laertes. Cousin Hamlet, you know the wager. Hamlet Very well, my lord. Your grace hath laid the odds o’th’weaker side. King I do not fear it; I have seen you both. But since he is bettered, we have therefore odds. Laertes This is too heavy. Let me see another. He exchanges his foil for another. Hamlet This likes me well. These foils have all a length? Prepare to play. Osric Ay, my good lord. King Set me the stoups of wine upon that table. If Hamlet give the first or second hit, Or quit in answer of the third exchange, Let all the battlements their ordnance fire. The King shall drink to Hamlet’s better breath, And in the cup an union shall he throw Richer then that which four successive kings In Denmark’s crown have worn. Give me the cups, And let the kettle to the trumpets speak, The trumpet to the cannoneer without, The cannons to the heavens, the heaven to earth, "Now the King drinks to Hamlet." Come, begin. Trumpets the while. And you, the judges, bear a wary eye. Hamlet Come on, sir. They play. Hamlet scores a hit. Hamlet One. Laertes No. Hamlet Judgment. Osric A hit, a very palpable hit. Laertes Well, again. King Stay. Give me drink. Hamlet, this pearl is thine. He drinks, and throws a pearl in Hamlet’s cup. Here’s to thy health.—Give him the cup. Trumpets sound, and shot goes off. Hamlet I’ll play this bout first. Set it by awhile. Come. They fence. Another hit. What say you? Laertes A touch, a touch, I do confess. King To the Queen Our son shall win. Queen He’s fat and scant of breath. To Hamlet Here’s a napkin, rub thy brows. The Queen takes a cup of wine to offer a toast to Hamlet. The Queen carouses to thy fortune, Hamlet. Hamlet Good madam. King Gertrude, do not drink. Queen I will, my lord, I pray you pardon me. She drinks. King Aside It is the poisoned cup. It is too late. Hamlet I dare not drink yet, madam; by and by. Queen Come, let me wipe thy face. Laertes Aside to the King My lord, I’ll hit him now. King Aside to Laertes I do not think’t. Laertes Aside And yet ’tis almost ’gainst my conscience. Hamlet Come, for the third. Laertes, you but dally. I pray you, pass with your best violence; I am afeard you make a wanton of me. Laertes Say you so? Come on. They play. Osric Nothing neither way. Laertes Have at you now! Laertes wounds Hamlet with his unbated rapier. In scuffling they change rapiers. Hamlet and wounds Laertes. King Part them! They are incensed. Hamlet Nay, come, again. The Queen falls. Osric Look to the Queen there, ho! Horatio They bleed on both sides. To Hamlet How is’t, my lord? Osric How is’t, Laertes? Laertes Why, as a woodcock To mine springe, Osric; I am justly killed with mine own treachery. Hamlet How does the Queen? King She swoons to see them bleed. Queen No, no, the drink, the drink. O my dear Hamlet, the drink, the drink! I am poisoned. She dies. Hamlet Oh, villainy! Ho! Let the door be locked. Treachery! Seek it out. Exit Osric. Laertes falls. Laertes It is here, Hamlet. Hamlet, thou art slain. No medicine in the world can do thee good; In thee there is not half an hour of life. The treacherous instrument is in thy hand, Unbated and envenomed. The foul practice Hath turned itself on me. Lo, here I lie, Never to rise again. Thy mother’s poisoned. I can no more. The King, the King’s to blame. Hamlet The point envenomed too? Then, venom, to thy work. Hurts the King. All Treason, treason! King Oh, yet defend me, friends, I am but hurt. Hamlet Forcing the King to drink Here, thou incestuous, murd’rous, damnèd Dane, Drink off this potion. Is thy union here? Follow my mother. King dies. Laertes He is justly served. It is a poison tempered by himself. Exchange forgiveness with me, noble Hamlet. Mine and my father’s death come not upon thee, Nor thine on me! Dies. Hamlet Heaven make thee free of it! I follow thee. I am dead, Horatio. Wretched Queen, adieu. You that look pale and tremble at this chance, That are but mutes or audience to this act, Had I but time, as this fell sergeant Death Is strict in his arrest, oh, I could tell you— But let it be. Horatio, I am dead, Thou liv’st. Report me and my causes right To the unsatisfied. Horatio Never believe it. I am more an antique Roman than a Dane. Here’s yet some liquor left. He attempts to drink from the poisoned cup, but is prevented by Hamlet. Hamlet As th’art a man, Give me the cup! Let go! By heaven, I’ll have’t. O good Horatio, what a wounded name, Things standing thus unknown, shall live behind me! If thou didst ever hold me in thy heart, Absent thee from felicity awhile, And in this harsh world draw thy breath in pain To tell my story. March afar off, and shout within. What warlike noise is this? Enter Osric. Osric Young Fortinbras, with conquest come from Poland, To th’ambassadors of England gives this warlike volley. Hamlet Oh, I die, Horatio. The potent poison quite o’ercrows my spirit. I cannot live to hear the news from England, But I do prophesy th’election lights On Fortinbras. He has my dying voice. So tell him, with the occurrents more and less Which have solicited. The rest is silence. Oh, oh, oh, oh! Dies. Horatio Now crack a noble heart! Good night, sweet prince, And flights of angels sing thee to thy rest! March within. Why does the drum come hither? Enter Fortinbras and English Ambassador, with Drum, Colors, and Attendants. Fortinbras Where is this sight? Horatio What is it ye would see? If aught of woe or wonder, cease your search. Fortinbras His quarry cries on havoc. O proud Death, What feast is toward in thine eternal cell, That thou so many princes at a shoot So bloodily hast struck? Ambassador The sight is dismal, And our affairs from England come too late. The ears are senseless that should give us hearing, To tell him his commandment is fulfilled, That Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are dead. Where should we have our thanks? Horatio Not from his mouth, Had it th’ability of life to thank you; He never gave commandment for their death. But since so jump upon this bloody question You from the Polack wars and you from England Are here arrived, give order that these bodies High on a stage be placèd to the view, And let me speak to th’yet unknowing world How these things came about. So shall you hear Of carnal, bloody, and unnatural acts, Of accidental judgments, casual slaughters, Of deaths put on by cunning, and forced cause, And in this upshot, purpose mistook Fall’n on the inventors’ heads. All this can I Truly deliver. Fortinbras Let us haste to hear it, And call the noblest to the audience. For me, with sorrow I embrace my fortune. I have some rights of memory in this kingdom, Which are to claim; my vantage doth invite me. Horatio Of that I shall have always cause to speak, And from his mouth Whose voice will draw on more. But let this same be presently performed, Even whiles men’s minds are wild, Lest more mischance On plots and errors happen. Fortinbras Let four captains Bear Hamlet like a soldier to the stage, For he was likely, had he been put on, To have proved most royally; And for his passage, The soldiers’ music and the rites of war Speak loudly for him. Take up the body. Such a sight as this Becomes the field, but here shows much amiss. Go, bid the soldiers shoot. Exeunt marching, after the which, a peal of ordnance are shot off. FINIS