of after one Smyrna other Ios other favor wonted accustomed We the actors breath being allowed by your judgment to perform this play latter being protected by your favor wink shut the eyes curious careful lawn fine linen Minerva a statue of Athene, goddess of wisdom syllable neither in spectacle nor dialogue groweth is found plain open floods waters attend listen right rightly so traffic commerce merchandise engage in trade copy her character as as did earth right down to the ground skies having previously reached nearly to the sky earth Aeolus, god of the winds and servant to Neptune sith since husbandmen farmers corn grain throw shed quills i.e. in the nests where young birds grow feathers froth sea foam weeds seaweed for instead of monstrous unnatural mermaids The quarto spelling of maremaides preserves the rhyme with fair maids later in the line (Scragg), and emphasizes the nightmare-ish qualities of Tityrus’ tale. fair exceedingly beautiful would wish wroth wrath wary reluctant day on a fixed day every five years integrity whom neither honorable family name nor personal virtue shall exempt from candidacy that I don’t know whether I agree with that he Neptune against in anticipation of cattle livestock bound tied up bound obligated him the Agar honor chastity constellation star-crossed destiny vexing vexatious drawn dragged all above all other young women as that light alight fear frighten virtue virtue has given me virtue virtue must give me Suffer Allow born since all mortals must eventually die it since life is meaningless without honor fortunate you are fortunate in having a father to find out and anticipate those perils for you beasts as, for example, Zeus or Jupiter taking the guise of a swan to win Leda, as a bull to run off with Europa, etc. Diana goddess of the hunt and of chastity, often emblematic of Queen Elizabeth stray lose my way though even though train retinue train lead astray hearts makes hearts to have The beginning of the wordplay on hart (deer) and heart (organ). ears in order to keep jealous watch and listen for every threatening sound bow hunter’s bow hart deer bow Cupid’s bow Diana goddess of chastity and the hunt her Diana’s kind in their inherently chaste natures kind too amorously inclined practice devise schemes both we both know have because of the consequent danger of your being chosen for the sacrifice affection i.e. disfigure my appearance through grief suffering allowing desire i.e. a foolish desire to avoid wearing male attire become suit becometh is suitable to my sex hose trousers coat doublet pleased satiated up fished up out of the sea rafter raft haled tossed about marvel wonder master the ship captain speeds fares wetshod i.e. drowned, as opposed to dryshod, with dry boots want lack land i.e. seek opportunities for robbing or begging speed succeed not cannot stomach teeth i.e. sharpen the teeth when they’ve been worn dull by chewing on hard-tack powdered salted as a preservative pinned penned, confined bottomless i.e. with only the thin ship’s hull separating you from the bottomless sea reason a rational creature lie dwell upwards i.e. totally deficient in wisdom sun i.e. keep track of the heavenly bodies that control the tides card compass card, divided into 32 points, as the Mariner demonstrates in the following speeches pair i.e. a whole pack of cards loadstone magnetic needle his its cards compass cards; playing cards cozenage cheating masters i.e. we are unemployed fain gladly points i.e. good features; also, tags to fasten our garments together clout sail card compass card points tags to fasten my clothes; also the instructions I need to succeed by cheating East These are 8 points of the compass, in order clockwise, from North to East ill Very poorly done living livelihood; also, lifetime cozening cheating made made into twelvemonth on this day a year from now not It doesn’t matter so provided that Omnes … feather. This song is omitted from the 1592 edition of , as are the others in this play. Blount includes all the songs mentioned in the play except one in the 1632 edition. The omission from the early edition is typical of the songs in Lyly’s plays (Scragg 54n87-105). Omnes All drunk drunkenly healths i.e. drinking down waves slaves i.e. sea and wind Milk Extort money from blind hidden brave excellent manned provided with companions Stand! i.e. Hands up! pursing stealing purses sail! i.e. Down you go from the ladder with a noose over your head, like a sail that is let fall feather i.e. We’re destined to hang and dance at a rope’s end, like a feather in the wind alone still in man’s attire habit shape your inner feelings to conform to your male appearance and apparel immodest behave in a way that seems immodest in a young woman be i.e. had really made me a youth not i.e. a young woman fond infatuated jealous apprehensive whist silence myself i.e. act the part of a youth gate manner of walking untoward clumsy unfit inappropriate and ill-fitting one stands a young man person not really a youth color pretext salute greet leg a male bow habit garments pastime have some sport second inferior face causing me to blush Are you a maid? Are you a virgin — a question that Galatea would interpret as Of what sex are you? (JJ questions this DB’s reading here.) train handsome retinue spill interrupt fair handsome deer This is the beginning of the auditory pun on dear/deer in this scene. Recent editors have modernized the spelling and selected the spelling of dear that best suits the sense of the sentence in their interpretation (Lancashire, Hunter, Scragg). However, in both the 1592 and 1632 editions of , the word is spelled Deare. wind ran downwind so that its scent would not be detected by the hunters and their dogs him headed the deer back in the direction from which it came dear with a familiar pun on dear/deer pastime interrupt her hunting tell count agreed in accord in hesitating to admit they are boys pleasant jocular woods beat the bushes with tusks to rouse the game mouths bay like hunting dogs; talk volubly nothing nothing else deer rouse the deer from cover by shouting favor approval, favorable regard if even if silly frail brands torches staid unmovable sex in falling in love with a person of their own sex truant play the truant mother Venus away excuse my truancy in being absent from my mother Venus spend I will have spent in vain shifts stratagems ladies i.e. ladies in the audience silly simple using wearing god i.e. on Cupid’s own person love as when Neptune took the shape of a horse to make love to Ceres and a ram to seduce Theophane not do not scruple overreached tricked swains farmers craft i.e. by Cupid’s disguising himself as a young woman wooden inferior; sylvan skreeking shrieking or screeching hags evil spirits that prowl by night boy black with soot and smoke spirits stirring of distilled substances crosslets crucibles fermentation These terms describe the heating and fusing of substances until they are vaporized, then reduced to powder and reheated until red hot, combined with other substances, stirred until white, fermented, etc. compassed mastered indurative These alchemical instruments include various vessels used in vaporizing and distillation, both hand-held and affixed to a wall, in order to produce absorption, softening, and hardening. not The substances here include potassium nitrate, sulfuric acid, potassium carbonate, prepared salts, tartars, disulphide of arsenic, ammonium chloride, and various herbs and yeasts, along with lime, chalk, ashes, and hair. multiplication transmutation of baser metals into precious ones blush at first glance occupation i.e. an unemployed beggar or thief groat four-penny piece angels gold coins worth 6s. 8d., featuring the archangel Michael slaying the dragon point the metal sheath enclosing the tip of a lace used to fasten clothes pint of pint-sized capacity pots i.e. All you do is pointless because you drink away all your profits made assured of success cunning craft spirits i.e. basic substances done I want no part of this devils i.e. with spirits gross dull domination i.e. most useful in alchemy quicksilver mercury silver i.e. my money in silver coins quick i.e. easy come, easy go orpiment yellow arsenic a word … spirit i.e. it sounds like mumbo-jumbo or abracadabra to me ammoniac ammonium chloride brimstone sulfur blue sulfur burns blue alone Leave it to me beggar i.e. he is shabbily dressed bewray reveal four mercury, sulfur, sulfate of arsenic, and sal ammoniac tempered mixed seven gold, silver, mercury, copper, iron, tin, and lead pounds would turn an investment of £1 into £8000 coals if only I can obtain some beech charcoal, the best fuel for an alchemical furnace pottle two-quart plate silver serving dishes plummet ball of lead framed fashioned studies meditates about speculating hear Can I believe my ears Danae? When Danae was confined by her father, King Acrisius of Argos, to a brazen tower, Jupiter or Zeus visited her in a shower of gold, conceiving Perseus as their son. infinite make infinite substances out of nothing whist! silence! mine i.e. time is money air i.e. get away from the furnace mystery a trade; also, a spiritual mystery pains work hard Infinite i.e. lots of work and lots of pain entertain employ swear solemnly promise; also, swear blasphemous oaths gryphs griffins nests i.e. line our pockets frieze coarse woolen cloth science learning drought thirstiness myself to ward off evil suggestion thumb. Proverbially, an honest miller was said to have a golden thumb — a rare occurrence, since honest millers were rare. The miller would teste the quality of the meal by rubbing it between his thumb and forefinger. was Alchemy is such a shabby occupation man servant old i.e., me, his former apprentice shield protect mind the mind of a boy Melebeus i.e. Phillida, disguised as a boy and bearing her father’s name thee i.e., me (Galatea speaks to herself in the third person) fancy in a fanciful dream bow use the male hunter’s bow instead of the woman’s spinning tool quoits the throwing of a heavy plate or ring requiring manly strength abroad away from home wont I who was accusomed sampler needlework rareness excellence habit garb thee when the maleness that you so love in Tityrus (i.e. Galatea) is displeasing to you in yourself times i.e. look to see when he is most likely to be susceptible to love bewray declare conceits fanciful thoughts modesty modesty able to conquer desire imagination an imagination that is captive to desire fire like the insect piralis that was fabled to live thus precise strict, conforming with conventional morality brands torches flames the eternal flame guarded by the Vestal Virgins in the temple of Vesta, Roman goddess of the hearth heart punning on hart made said to be and and yet This meaning of andpersists through the next clauses, as Galatea muses on the contradictions of chastity. fancy love lunary moonwort Melebeus i.e. Phillida false falsify, betray Fond Foolish and infatuated profession i.e. worship of Diana bows bend the bows in order to attach the bowstrings strings bowstrings fly the thing I should shun riddles Oedipus solved the riddle posed to him by the Sphinx muse wonder ailest what ails you leaves herbal medicines counsel advice own I blush to hear you, as you recount my sufferings in love, to describe your own boy i.e. the disguised Galatea teeth reproach me wakeness wakefulness good might as well Melibeus i.e. the disguised Phillida fond foolish Tyterus i.e. the disguised Galatea soft wait a minute that I who affection desire byword trick of speech vicious i.e. you outdo other lovers in betrayal of your vows near me Pun on physically near and near the truth recall unsay only If I were the only one to feel incident it being liable to happen one one nymph deadly extremely virtue scorns chastity as common and vulgar stately imposingly dignified amaze daunt boy Tityrus or Galatea she Ramia boy Melibeus or Phillida Melibeus i.e. the disguised Phillida have insists on having Tityrus i.e. the disguised Galatea swath-clouts swaddling clothes conceits ideas like likely overreachest you overpower fond foolish reach things contrary to what we hope for Tityrus the disguised Galatea nobody not among the living framed made water i.e. the external appearance does not represent the inner substance toy foolish trifle humor obsession to resembling servant a man who is devoted to the service of a lady habit garb face i.e., you Admit Suppose doubtful ambiguous and doubt-inspiring simple or I am too simpleminded, being a girl, to understand disdain disdainfully too proud understand in not understanding that because mold or knowing him/herself to be in fact a woman like them so provided that fond foolish; devoted boy Peter veriest most utter end fulfillment measure steady temperature breasts voices so as so that of among blast i.e. impossible tasks dram small amount as provided that temperatures temperament Con-dog since a cur is a dog art i.e. alchemy you as the saying goes multiplieth transmutes metals wanteth lacks meat food man i.e. intent on his book, as though it contained religious instruction salute greet feet like the proverbial absent-minded philosopher, so intently contemplating the heavens that he is unaware of what lies at his feet astronomer i.e. astrologer Ipsissimus the very same annus i.e. 1588, the year of the Spanish Armada list wish lime-twigs twigs coated with sticky substance to snare birds a-batfowling beat down birds at roost with a bat or club cunning cleverness sky below the upper limit of the sky signs constellations zodiacs the ecliptic or pathway in the stars that contains the twelve signs of the zodiac and through which the sun and planets move taverns where tavern signboards might feature such zodiacal signs as Aries the Ram, Taurus the Bull, Cancer the Crab, Leo the Lion, etc. compass encompass, achieve head. These asssociations of the twelve zodiacal constellations with various parts of the body were a central part of astrological lore. ewe i.e. an unfaithful female who makes her husband a cuckold, with horns like those of the ram Bull Taurus Capricornus the Goat signs signs of horned animals, suggesting cuckoldry thoughts aspire to wisdom tell count ’clips eclipse coney rabbit purse-net a net that can be drawn tight at the mouth by a draw-string number the year in which the sun and the moon return to the relationship from which they began epact the age in days of the moon on the first day of the year, beginning March 22 prime the date of the first new moon in the year multiplication transmuting metals year sixty years from now astronomical judicial astrology, used to predict momentous events like the deaths of monarchs hail-fellows close companions amiable lovable drib dribble, shoot feebly leas meadows nymph i.e. Cupid, disguised as a young woman burn caused by Psyche’s accidentally spilling hot oil on her beloved Cupid’s shoulder leaf an invented myth Medea a sorceress who was deserted by Jason and then killed their two children bird another invented detail Calypso goddess who detained Odysseus for years (Odyssey, Book 1) shame or bring shame to her nymphs addle i.e. confused, empty onyx a precious stone; the characteristics ascribed to it here are fanciful moly a magical herb given by Hermes or Mercury to Odysseus to protect him against Circe’s powers of enchantment (Odyssey, Book 10) abateth blunts or beats back sun a legend telling how the old eagle finds renewal by exposing itself to excessive heat of the sun, then plunging into cold water in order to shed its old plumage shadow i.e. the ephemeral pursuit of amorous love ibes ibises sights i.e. grow old and blind one your thoughts other your faces eyes Just imagine trulls strumpets ends their unhappy endings as a result of amorous dalliance without in outward appearance within in reality owls According to one legendary account, when the jolly satyr Silenus ascended to the skies, the ass on which he rode was placed among the stars and his pictures of apes and owls were covered over by embroidered representations of lions and eagles. Juno For attempting to win the love of Hera or Juno, Ixion was tricked by Zeus or Jupiter into making love to a cloud, Nephele, that resembled Juno. By this cloud Ixion fathered the centaurs. others a popular legend about the eagle labors patient workers in the cause of chaste virtue samplers fancy needlework pelting paltry colors pretty complexions and deceptive appearances chase hunting ground that what unacquainted unfamiliar, strange bear tolerate the color of pretext of your being deity her power as a goddess policy stratagems wishes vain hopes golden glorious golden gilded rods for discipline and chastisement Circes i.e.you will be infatuated not with an ennobling and spiritual love but with base enchantment game her hunting, and her nymphs whom you have hunted shall will be prevented to as thoughts i.e. despite my inclination to exercise a godlike mercy, or to have nothing to do with you, or, conversely, to revenge myself on you more harshly smart the sting of the whip have take Populus the people Augur Prognosticating priest sacrifice sacrificial victim nature the natural affection of a father for his daughter swath-clout swaddling clothes sheet sheet in which a dead body is wrapped comfortable comforting inconvenience public misfortune mischief harm color refuse to take the dye simple simpleminded overreach outwit ear i.e., only a wily mouse would dare make its home near the cat he anyone cunningly limp persuasively will wishes to piece woman hairs i.e., old men fond loving; foolish Populus Representing the people froward willful Alter A second representative of the people their get to the bottom of the fathers’ Oyez Hear ye! doom sentence cozened cheated pearl i.e. as a sign of conquest fire the flames of passion pirate’s i.e. Cupid is to trust to expect knots ribbons tied in bows as love tokens it get to work That That one she Diana Pluto representing money, and confused thus with Plutus, god of riches of by colors deceptive appearances conceits thoughts see see to it alone Leave him to me samplers fancy needlework Diana serve Diana as a footman for instead of wait attend trains retinues trains deceptions arras tapestries Vesta goddess of the hearth and of chastity men Their tricks may blear the eyes of ordinary mortals cozened cheated happy fortunate fair beautiful glass mirror thee I only wish that my praise of your beauty were a flattering deception me mislead me with false hopes so do not love me merely in brotherly love mistress the woman I adore and serve mistress i.e. have noted my almost feminine-like beauty mysteries with a play on Mistrisse, the Quarto spelling will I will love you fare good luck to other the Astronomer virtues astrological powers octavus i.e. 1588, the year of the Spanish Armada, as in 3.3 it scorned it as merely the vicissitudes of this world multiplying transmuting base metals sweating in sexual intercourse her i.e. gave her a child, thereby making two persons of one stone the magical substance vainly sought by alchemists that could convert all metals into gold; also, the testicles cupboard in the private sexual anatomy spittle the spittle one produces on waking up, thought to have curative properties meat food mill the mill operated by the three brothers’ father, which Robin now hopes will now descend to him imagination hoping to inherit hands using the art of palmistry Sol the sun Thursday born on Jove’s day and hence jovial Venerian a fine worshiper of Venus Friday Venus’s day, and also an ecclesiastical fast-day when fish was eaten instead of flesh flesh-day i.e. dedicated to Venus, goddess of love muliebre flesh is feminine in gender (in Latin) me recommended me as an assistant had If only I had qualities skills warm invigorating, strenuous watered salivated meat flesh thoughts and thought incessantly about sleep and food coat a doublet like the one you are wearing brothers. This master, evidently a shystering lawyer, will devise a way to give Dick the means to claim the right of the oldest brother and thereby inherit all their father’s estate, the mill. passest you are well known points. That’s as likely as if your (Peter’s) former master, the Alchemist, could transmute the metal tag-tips for fastening clothes into silver tankards. he the lawyer him Dick cozen cheat cozens the cozener or cheater of us both; also, our sibling treating us legally as mere cousins uncle i.e. we can invent genealogies for ourselves to cheat Dick in turn conceit pregnant with expectations straight at once Ericthinis a citizen fatal doomed other a crowd of men sacrilege. These legends are imaginary. only uniquely divine dwell on divine matters agreeable well suited affections temperaments looks the looks you wish for tuned well-tuned conquereth i.e. where chaste love is held in honor and yields to desire in such a way as to command and control affection in virtuous marriage mine because they are mine been been born thine through your gluttonous surfeiting abused wronged want lack event the sacrifice and its consequences fear since I am not a boy not doesn’t require a boy fear i.e. the fear that Tityrus (really Galatea) would be chosen as the most beautiful boy ambo both stick scruple honest chaste honor i.e. Virtue deserves praise and honor except unless Love Cupid entertaineth admits entreat treat harshly muse wonder green raw, fresh without on the surface stead came to your aid fancies love-longings martyrdom i.e. unless Cupid is released, Diana’s nymphs will suffer continual and violent reprisal from Venus choose cannot choose but chatter, being compulsively loose of tongue well. I, Venus, are honored to be spoken off harshly by Diana in such elegant language. fancy love affection desire common shared, general saved is the means of saving Yes Yes I can level aim say I am glad you say Sappho as in Lyly’s Sappho and Phao, 1584, where Cupid leaves Venus to dwell with Sappho brands torches broke? These observations may offer clues for staging. not it doesn’t matter as so that jars. Their pardon has been obtained not by any merit on your part, but as a consequence of the enmity between Diana and Venus. sex I thought Phillida’s male attire assured a male identity fond-found now found to be foolish Love Cupid love Venus Ianthes? When a young woman was given the male name of Iphis to spare her life but was then engaged against her will to marry the beautiful Ianthe, Iphis and her mother prevailed on the goddess Isis to change Iphis’s sex to that of a male, whereupon he and Ianthe were able to marry happily. Take me with you Understand what I have to say to you play sport amorously fond foolish chance bad luck it the decision door. (The audience is also left to guess, though Galatea, disguised as a boy already as the play begins, is perhaps a logical choice to be the designated male.) malepartly saucily consort we sing well as a trio Basely Poorly; singing the bass part Meanly (1) In mediocre fashion; (2) singing the middle part it. To their two voices I’ll add a third, singing the treble part (in a song with which the original presumably concluded). Hymen i.e. sing as invocation, in classical tradition, Io Hymen ladies in the audience bitterness. Love’s sweet joys are never cloying, her labors are never wearying, and the melancholy sadness she induces is never bitter. conceits imaginary thoughts sith since